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Communications VLR
MS HLR
05-1
VLR
MS HLR
MS: Mobile Station
BTS: Base Tranceiver Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
GMSC: Gateway Mobile Switching Centre
HLR: Home Location Register
VLR: Visitor Location Register
05-2
GSM Subsystems
OSS: Operation Subsystem
Control Flow
OSS
User Data Flow
MS BSS NSS
NSS
MS BSS
GMSC+MSC
ME+SIM BTS+BSC
+HLR+VLR
05-4
GSM: Functional architecture and
principal interfaces
Air Interface A-bis Interface A interface
BSS
NSS
MS
HLR
BTS
MSC/ MAP
BSC
GMSC MAP
VLR
Operation, Administration
& Maintenance (OAM)
05-5
05-6
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
05-7
05-8
NSS cont’d...
05-9
NSS cont’d...
05-10
Operation SubSystem (OSS)
05-11
EIR
HLR VLR
BTS
MSC
BTS
BSC
BSC VLR
BTS
05-12
GSM Functional
operator
Planes
user
Operation,
Admin & Mtce Call Control
Communication
Management
Mobility and security,
Mobility HLR and VLR
Management
Ensures stable radio connections,
Radio Resource includes handover process
Management
Physical Layer, coding,
Transmission Management modulation, channel multiplexing etc
05-13
Channel Requirements
– Traffic Channels
– Associated Signalling Channels
• Call-related signalling
– Common Signalling Channels
• Cell information channel(s) (downlink)
• Paging channel (downlink)
• Access channel(uplink)
These channels all need to be efficiently multiplexed
into the GSM frame structure
05-14
Traffic Channels
The GSM channel structure includes three types of physical channel,
called traffic channels (TCH):
05-15
05-16
Associated Signalling Channels cont’d….
05-17
05-18
Common Signalling Channels cont’d...
05-19
05-20
Multiple Access Scheme
Forward link and reverse link relations:
Slot length is called a burst period, or BP, Frequencies separated by
and is of length 15/26 ms = 0.577 ms. –45 Mz for 900 MHz band
–75 MHz for 1800 MHz band
Reverse link time slot follows
forward link time slot by 3BP
frequency
200 kHz
channel
time
0.577 ms slot length (BP)
05-21
TN0 TN1 TN2 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN6 TN7 TN0 TN1 TN2 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN6 TN7
05-22
Multiple Access Scheme cont’d...
26-multiframe, 120 ms
TN0 TN1 TN2 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN6 TN7 Frame, 4.6 ms
05-23
Note: SACCH associated with a TCH/F consists of 1 slot every 120 ms.
05-24
Common Signalling Channels
Common channels are based on a cycle of 51 frames,
i.e. a "51-multiframe”, of length 235 ms
Why 51?
– Deliberately different from the 26 used for traffic channels
– To allow MS to listen to SCH and FCCH of surrounding BSs, as
needed for handoff
05-25
Downlink:
• The FCCH and SCH between them use 10 slots per cycle of 51 frames.
– FCCH uses every 10th slot in a cycle
(a slot in frames 0, 10, 20, 30 40)
– SCH uses a slot one frame after each FCCH slot
(a slot in frames 1,11,21,31,41)
• The BCCH and PAGCH/F together use 40 slots per 51 multiframe;
– BCCH in frames 2,3,4,5 and
– PAGCH/F in frames 6-9,12-19, 22-29, 32-39, 42-49
05-26
Common Signalling Channels
Uplink:
• A RACH/F uses one slot every frame
Uplink:
RACH/F: one slot per frame
05-27
05-28
Channel Organisation in a Cell
Several of the signalling/control channels can be grouped together
so that they make use of one slot per frame. For example, one slot
per frame could be used for:
• 1 (TCH/F plus associated SACCH) Traffic
• 2 (TCH/H plus associated SACCH) Channel
• 8 (TCH/8 plus associated SACCH) Combinations
• (1 SCH + 1 FCCH + 1 BCCH + 1 PAGCH/F) on the downlink Signalling
+ 1 RACH/F on the uplink Channel
• (1 BCCH + 1 PAGCH/F) on the downlink Combinations
+ 1 RACH/F on the uplink
• 1 BCCH + 1 PAGCH/T on the downlink Both Traffic
+ 1 RACH/H on the uplink and
+ 4 (TCH/8 plus associated SACCH) using both uplink and downlink. Signalling
etc
05-29
Uplink:
RACH/F: one slot per frame
05-30
Example: Small Capacity Cell
frequency
TCH/F + SACCH
time
Signalling
Channel
05-31
TCH/8 + SACCH
29 Remaining slots
TCH/F + SACCH
Signalling
Channels
time
05-32
Example: Large Capacity Cell
frequency
TCH/8 + SACCH
One TN 0 group: FCCH, SCH, BCCH,
PAGCH/F, RACH/F
One TN 2 group: BCCH, PAGCH/F,
RACH/F
One TN 4 group: BCCH, PAGCH/F, Signalling
RACH/F Channels
05-34
References
• GSM Architecture
– Mouly & Pautet, Chapter 2
– Redl et al, Section 3.4
– Lee, pp 463-469
– Rappaport, Section 10.3.2
• GSM Channel Structure
– Mouly & Pautet, Section 4.2.1
– Redl et al, Section 5.10-5.11
– Lee, pp 471-479
– Rappaport, Sections 10.3.4-10.3.6
05-35