CHM 420

EXPERIMENT 2

GROUP NAME : 1. QASRINA IZZATI BINTI ZAINAL (2016447194)

2. NUR FADHLINA IZZUNIDDIN (2016437508)
3. WAN NUR ATILLA ANTASHA BINTI MEGAT ASRUL
HAZAMAN (2017824034)
4. SITI NAJIHAH BINTI ABDUL RANI ( 2017282026)

TITLE : WATER OF HYDRATION

INSTRUCTOR : MADAM NORUL AZILAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN

TITLE

Water of Hydration

OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate qualitatively and

quantitatively

INTRODUCTION

Hydrated compound can be defined as a compound that contains water molecules that
weakly bound in its crystal. It has a specific number of water molecules. The dot symbol shown
number of water molecules bound in the substance. Some of common hydrated compound are
Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate, Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate, Cobalt (II) Chloride
Hexahydrate and Tin (II) Chloride Dehydrate. The dots represent an attractive force between
the polar water molecules and the positively charged metal ion. On heating, the attractive forces
are overcome and the water molecules are released leaving behind the anhydrous salt
(anhydrous means without water). The water released on heating is called the water of
hydration. The reaction is called endothermic since heat is absorbed during this process.

For this experiment, the amount of water in the hydrated compound can determined
qualitative and quantitatively. For qualitative, when the sample is heated, we can observed the
hydrate’s behaviour while for quantitative part, by heating the sample to constant weight, we
can determines the amount of water driven off. From the amount of mass lost, the percentage
of water in the sample can also be determined and it will be used to calculate the formula of
hydrate.

CHEMICAL APPARATUS
CuSO4•5H2O Analytical balance
Unknown hydrated compound Crucible and cover
(BaCl2•xH2O)
Clay triangle
Tripod stand
Tile
Test tube
Test tube rack
CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS

PROCEDURE
A. Qualitative determination of water

1. Obtained a clean and dried test tube. Then the test tube was grip with a clamp and its mouth
was 15-20 degrees above the horizontal.

2. A scoop of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate was placed in the test tube. After that, the bottom
of the test tube was being heated gently to avoid spattering. Observed and made a record any
change in DATASHEET 2

3. Test tube and its content was allowed to cool in room temperature.

4. A few drops of water were added into the test tube and then recorded the observation.

B. Quantitative determination of water in a hydrate.

1. ● was used as the unknown hydrated compounds in this experiment.

2. The crucible and a cover were cleaned by tap water. After rinsed with distilled water, the
crucible with cover were placed on the clay triangle. The cover was slightly open to allow
moisture to escape during heating. The crucible and cover were heated using a bunsen burner
for 5 minutes.

3. Allowed the crucible and cover to cool in the room. Calculated its mass. Used the same
balanced for the successive weighing of the same sample

4. Placed between 1.000 and 1.500 g of the hydrated compound into weight crucible. Then
recorded the weight crucible and content.

5. Placed the crucible with sample and cover onto the clay triangle. Adjusted the cover so
that it was slightly ajar. Start to heating gently and increased the intensity of the flame after
5 minutes and heated to redness for about five minutes.

6. Closed the crucible after heating and allowed cooling for 5 minutes. Calculated the mass.

7. Repeated the heating step and weighing until the results of two succesive weighings agree
to within 0.05 g. Recorded the result.