Quasi-experimental evaluation of the

Marijuana Use among CSUSB students:

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy Behaviors

Marissa Cruz BS, MPH (c)

Carolina DeLeon BS, MPH(c)
Anh Nguyen BS, MPH(c)
Julian Sacdalan BS, MBA, MPH(c)

Department of Health Science and Human Ecology,

California State University-San Bernardino (CSUSB)
5500 University Parkway Avenue, San Bernardino, CA 92407

March 24, 2018

Keywords: Marijuana, college students, self-efficacy, knowledge, attitudes, quasi-experiment

 Table of Contents
I. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. 3
II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 4
III. METHODS .......................................................................................................................... 4
IV. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 5
V. DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 6
REFERENCES: ............................................................................................................................ 7
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................... 8

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I. Structured Abstract

Objective: The study’s objective is to determine the impact of a public service announcement on
California State University-San Bernardino (CSUSB) students’ knowledge, attitude, and self-
efficacy on marijuana use.

Methods: Pre- and post-surveys were developed and disseminated to college students ages 18-25
who are attending undergraduate and graduate courses in health science. The participants were
shown the public service announcement (PSA) after taking the pre-test and post-test, which
further evaluated their learning of content from the PSA video. Descriptive and bivariate
statistics were conducted to analyze differences before and after the intervention. Alpha less than
0.05 was used to denote significance and all analyses were conducted in SPSS version

Results: The sample population study included 8 participants. The sex demographics resulted in
57.10% female participants and 42.90% male participants. The majority of the sample population
was 18-25 years old (85.7%). The demographics for race/ethnicity were Caucasian (57.10%),
Hispanic/ Latino (28.60%), and prefer not to answer (14.30%). While there was no significance
found, we found trends that demonstrated increase in knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy after
showing the public service announcement. The overall trending on knowledge concluded
significant results based on question 5; all participants answered correctly (100%) in the post-test
when compared to the previous pre-test answers. Likewise, in question 6 all participants
answered correct in the post-test question regarding allocated resource Thrive Health Promotion.
When it comes to attitude before the intervention, 57.10% of the respondents did not agree that
marijuana use before an exam helps relax. However, after the intervention, 42.90% of the
sample disagreed on this attitude. Lastly, the self-efficacy increased from 14.30% to 25% when
asked about resisting using marijuana even if friends were using marijuana.

Conclusion: The interventions targeted towards the college students were effective in improving
the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of marijuana use, though large-scale studies are needed
to validate results.

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II. Background

Marijuana has been a common drug of choice throughout the world, and similarly among
college students. It is an ongoing trend and it is a public health issue that requires attention and
further research. It is important to understand the health implications on marijuana use among
college age students’ knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes. According to the National Institute
on Drug Abuse, daily marijuana use among college-aged adults has been increasing in recent
years(1). Furthermore, there has been an association between marijuana use and poor academic
performance among college students(2). In addition, regular marijuana use may have an
association with alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, generalized anxiety and substance
use disorder(3). There are many reasons why students start using marijuana, a recent study found
that some students may use marijuana to reduce college related stress and because of peer
pressure(4). Marijuana use among students is a public health concern for California State
University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) because students need to know about marijuana
regulations and implications on losing grants, financial aid and loans. They need to know the
possible negative health outcomes and the consequences of poor academic achievement and
losing job opportunities because of failing a drug test. Ultimately, it is important to promote a
drug-free campus and encourage students to utilize the available resources at the health center on
campus.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of using a public service
announcement (PSA) on students’ knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy regarding marijuana
use. After this intervention, pre and post surveys showed the PSA had increased trends among
the students’ knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy concerning marijuana use.

III. Methods

A. Data source

The data were collected through two outlets: public service announcement (PSA)
and Zine (See Appendix A). The PSA and Zine provided visual information on the health effects
of marijuana use and the current CSUSB policies on marijuana use on campus. The participants
were shown the PSA after taking the pre-test and then were asked to take the post-test, which
further evaluated their demographics, knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of content from the
video. The survey questions were developed using the categories of knowledge, attitudes and
self-efficacy (See Appendix B). The pre and posttests questions were the same. However, the
format of the questions was purposely changed to minimize the bias of the students in
memorizing the survey questions. The pre-post data file is attached labeled Working Data
Cruz_DeLeon_Nguyen_Sacdalan_Marijuana (See Appendix G). Lastly, the data dictionary can
be found in Appendix I.

B. Variables

The constructs of each variable were measured through closed-ended questions

for each participant. The participant’s demographics (age, sex and racial/ethnicity) were

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measured with three multiple-choice close-ended questions on both the pre and post surveys. The
construct knowledge was measured through four true/false questions, two Likert Scales using the
4-point scale was used (Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree), and 4 multiple
choice questions to illustrate the comprehension of participants. This was used to collect
information such as if CSUSB students knew the short and long-term effects of using marijuana
and how long does it stay in the human system. The next variable measured, was the participants
attitudes, was formulated with five questions using the Likert scales 4-point scale from strongly
agree to strongly disagree. This conveyed the participant’s rate of how much they agree with
assertions about the effects of marijuana. The last variable generated the participant’s self-
efficacy towards the use of marijuana, using two questions the Likert scales 4-point scale from
strongly agree to strongly disagree. The questionnaire conducted reproduced the participant’s
knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy towards marijuana use.

C. Data analyses

The Quasi-experimental evaluation of the Marijuana Use among CSUSB

students’ ages 18-25 years old: knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy behaviors used descriptive
and bivariate statistics analysis were used to formulate and analyze differences before and after
the intervention. First, to determine the frequencies, count and percentage of each variable in the
pre and post survey descriptive analysis was run. On the other hand, bivariate was utilized to
conduct for descriptive statistics on demographic information, attitudes, knowledge and self-
efficacy on marijuana use to compare pre and posttest. The p value less than .05 was used to
denote significance and all analyses were conducted in SPSS version 24. The following tests
were run such as McNemar’s, Chi-Square, and Fisher Exact tests. Also, all the missing variables
were excluded from the study.

IV. Results

A. Descriptive Data

1. Demographics Information

The demographics information on sex resulted in 57.10% were females

and 42.90% were males’ participants (See Appendix F). The majority of the sample population
was 18-25 years old (85.7%). While, the demographics of race/ethnicity (See Appendix G)
showed that there were Caucasian (57.10%), Hispanic/ Latino (28.60%), and prefer not to
answer (14.30%).

B. Bivariate Data

1. Descriptive Statistics: Attitude (See Appendix C)

Fifty seven percent of the respondents disagrees that marijuana use before
an exam helps relax. After the intervention, 42.90% of the sample disagrees on this attitude.
Before the intervention, 62.50% of the sample strongly agreed that repeating a course was
burden. After showing the PSA, it increased to 87.50%

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 There was no significant change of the attitudes about the marijuana use
among CSUSB students aged 18-25 years old before and after the intervention. Using the Chi-
square, McNemar and Fix exact tests, it was found that the p value is above 0.05.

2. Descriptive Statistics: Knowledge (See Appendix D)

Significant result based on how long marijuana can stay in your system, all
participants answered correctly (100%) in the post-survey compared to pre-test where answers
were staggered. All participants based on the post-test conducted knew allocated resource
CSUSB-Thrive Health Promotion.

When comparing pre and posttest by using McNemar’s, Chi-Square, and Fisher
Exact test the questions on knowledge were greater than the p value of .05 resulting insignificant
data. However, the overall trending characteristics concluded significant results based on
Question 5, all participants answered correctly in the post-survey compared to pre-survey where
answers were staggered. As well as Question 6, all participants based on the post-survey
conducted knew allocated resource Thrive Health Promotion. Furthermore, the sex demographics
resulted in 57.10% were females and 42.90% were males’ participants. The majority of the
sample population was 18-25 years old (85.7%). The demographics of race/ethnicity were
Caucasian (57.10%), Hispanic/ Latino (28.60%), and prefer not to answer (14.30%). There was
an increased in knowledge before and after the intervention on the long-term effects of marijuana
use.

3. Descriptive Statistics: Self-efficacy (See Appendix E)

Based on the data analysis on self-efficacy of our sample population, it was found
that their p values were all greater than .05, thus no significance. There was an increase of self-
efficacy from 14.30% to 25.00% when the participants were asked about resisting the use of
marijuana even if peers were using it. The self-efficacy increased 50.00% to 87.50% after the
intervention (when asked about they can study for the exam without marijuana use)

C. Survey Validation

After conducting Cronbach’s alpha analysis for internal consistency in the pre and post
surveys, 13 questions out of 15 questions were removed from the analysis in order to increase
reliability and the validity of our results. Future studies will require Cronbach’s alpha analysis in
order to improve the validity of the study.

V. Discussion

A. Data interpretation

There was no change in the demographics information of the participants before

and after the intervention. The samples were not allowed to leave without finishing the
intervention. Thus, same number of samples was recorded.

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 Results from the bivariate analysis showed no significance change on
participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy; all of the p-values computed were above
0.05. One factor that caused this result was the low sample size. Comparison between pre and
post survey answers after intervention did show an increased knowledge on CSUSB Thrive
Health Promotion and on how long can marijuana stay in someone’s system as well as an
increased in self-efficacy and attitudes concerning marijuana use.

B. Limitations

No demographic information about our sample population was provided.

Therefore, since our program was targeted to CSUSB students 25 years of age or younger, not
having the exact age group about our participants, may be a limitation to our intervention. Our
participants are not a true sample size for CSUSB students; only 8 students participated in our
intervention. This sample size cannot be used to generalize the CSUSB student population.
Furthermore, there were not a variety of students with different majors; only health science
students were present for this intervention. It can be assumed that health science students have an
increased knowledge on the health effects of drug use, therefore; having mostly health science
students may have increased bias in the results and participants may have not answered honestly
regarding stress and unhealthy coping mechanisms. Additionally, the majority of the participants
in our intervention were senior students, there were no freshman or sophomore students’
participants, and this could be a limitation to the generalization of CSUSB student population.
More research is necessary on drug use and the differences among new college students and
senior students as well as the differences between males and females and drug use.

C. Implications and future directions

The following should be considered for further studies:

1. Develop health promotion activities that would help assess the

needs of our target population and help promote health and wellness among college students.
2. Develop effective communication skills to help our target
population understand information and health literacy so they can make necessary healthy
decisions.
3. Have a random selection for a more effective intervention.
4. Larger number of sample size
5. Better survey questions which will lead to better Cronbach Alpha

References:

1. Abuse NI on D. College-Age & Young Adults [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Mar 22].
Available from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/college-age-young-adults

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2. Suerken CK, Reboussin BA, Sutfin EL, Wagoner KG, Spangler J, Wolfson M. Prevalence of
Marijuana Use at College Entry and Risk Factors for Initiation During Freshman Year.
Addict Behav. 2014 Jan;39(1):302–7.

3. Guttmannova K, Kosterman R, White HR, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Epstein M, et al. The
association between regular marijuana use and adult mental health outcomes. Drug Alcohol
Depend. 2017 Oct 1;179:109–16.

4. Brackenbury LM, Ladd BO, Anderson KG. Marijuana use/cessation expectancies and
marijuana use in college students. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2016 Jan;42(1):25–31.

Appendix
Appendix A
Public Service Announcement (PSA) link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7S6Kh-r_J4Y&t=6s

Zine

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 Appendix B: (Pre and Posttests Survey)

Pre-Survey

Section 1

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Please select one answer only for each of the following questions:

1. Is the use of marijuana allowed at CSUSB campus?

A. True
B. False

2. CSUSB is a federally funded university

A. True
B. False
3. Students in possession of marijuana at CSUSB campus could lose financial aid benefits grants and
scholarships.
A. True
B. False
4. How long can marijuana stay in your system?
A. 1-7 days
B. 7-30 days
C. 30-60 days
D. Don’t know
5. Which of the following are short-term health effects of using marijuana? (More than one answer may
apply)
A. Anxiety
B. Difficulty thinking and problem solving
C. Disrupted memory and learning
D. Increased heart rate
E. All of the above
F. Don’t know
6. Which of the following are long-term health effects of using marijuana? (More than one answer may
apply)

A. Declined IQ
B. Poor school performance
C. Impaired thinking
D. All of the above
E. Don’t know
7. Which wellness program is available at CSUSB Health Center?
A. HELP
B. JUST ASK
C. THRIVE-Health Promotion
D. Don’t know
Section 2:
For each statement below please place an X in the box of your choice (Please choose one only)
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree

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8. Marijuana use before an exam helps me relax

9. Marijuana use help retain more information during

class

10. I can always manage school related stress without

using marijuana

11. Marijuana use on campus is worth potentially

losing financial aid benefits, grants and scholarships

12. Marijuana use does not affect someone’s

performance in school

13. I am comfortable seeking help at the CSUSB-

Student Health Center

14. Repeating an academic course would be a burden

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 Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree

15. I can resist using marijuana even if my friends are

using marijuana

16. I can study for my exams without using marijuana

Section 3:

Please select one answer only for each of the following questions:
17. Please select your sex:
A. Female
B. Male
C. Prefer not to answer
18. What is your age (in years)?
A. Less than 18
B. 18-25
C. 26-36
D. 36-50
E. Older than 50
19. What is your race/ ethnicity origin?
A. African American
B. Asian/ Pacific Islander
C. Caucasian
D. Hispanic/ Latino
E. Native American
F. Other: ________________
G. Prefer not to answer

Thank you for your participation!

POST-SURVEY

Section 1
Please select one answer only for each of the following questions:

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12
1. How long can marijuana stay in your system?

A. 1-7 days
B. 7-30 days
C. 30-60 days
D. Don’t know
2. CSUSB is a federally funded university
A. True
B. False
3. Is the use of marijuana allowed at CSUSB campus?

A. True
B. False

4. Which of the following are short-term health effects of using marijuana? (More than one answer may
apply)
A. Anxiety
B. Difficulty thinking and problem solving
C. Disrupted memory and learning
D. Increased heart rate
E. All of the above
5. Which program is available at CSUSB Health Center?
A. HELP
B. JUST ASK
C. THRIVE-Health Promotion
D. Don’t know
6. Students in possession of marijuana at CSUSB campus could lose financial aid benefits
A. True
B. False
7. Marijuana use is illegal for anyone under the age of 21, just like alcohol consumption
A. True
B. False
8. Which of the following are long-term health effects of using marijuana? (More than one answer may
apply)

A. Declined IQ
B. Poor school performance
C. Impaired thinking
D. All of the above
E. Don’t know

Section 2:
For each statement below please place an X in the box of your choice (Please choose one only)
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree

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13
9. I can always manage school related stress without
using marijuana

10. I am comfortable seeking help at the Student

Health Center

11. Marijuana use before an exam helps me relax

12. I can study for my exams without using marijuana

13. I can resist using marijuana even if my friends are

using marijuana

14. Marijuana use on campus is worth potentially

losing financial aids, grants, scholarships

Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree

15. Repeating an academic course would be a burden

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14
16. Marijuana use helps retain more information
during class

17. Marijuana use does not affect someone’s

performance in school

Section 3:
Please select one answer only for each of the following questions:
18. What is your race/ ethnicity?
A. African American
B. Asian/ Pacific Islander
C. Caucasian
D. Hispanic/ Latino
E. Native American
F. Other_________
G. Prefer not to answer
19. Please select your sex:
A. Female
B. Male
C. Prefer not to answer
20. What is your age (in years)?
A. Less than 18
B. 18-25
C. 26-36
D. 36-50
E. Older than 50

Thank you for your participation!

Appendix C: Table 1

Table 1: Descriptive Statistics: Attitudes

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15
 Questions Pretest, n (%) Post-test, n (%)
Q7 Marijuana use before an exam helps me relax. *
 Strongly Agree 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
 Agree 3 (42.90) 4 (57.10)
 Disagree 4 (57.10) 3 (42.90)
 Strongly Disagree 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
Q10 Marijuana use on campus is worth potentially
losing financial aid benefits, grants and scholarships. *
 Strongly Agree 1 (12.50) 2 (25.00)
 Agree 0 (0.00) 1 (12.50)
 Disagree 1 (12.50) 0 (0.00)
 Strongly disagree 6 (75.00) 5 (62.50)
Q13 Repeating an academic course would be a burden.
*
 Strongly Agree 5 (62.50) 7 (87.50)
 Agree 2 (25.00) 0 (0.00)
 Disagree 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
 Strongly disagree 1 (12.50) 1 (12.50)

Appendix D: Table 2

Table 2: Descriptive Statistics: Knowledge

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16
 Questions Pre-test Post-Test
n (%) n (%)
Q1: Is the use of marijuana allowed True 0 (0) 0 (0)
at CSUSB
False 8 (100) 8 (100)
Q2: CSUSB is a federally funded True 7 (87.5) 7 (87.5)
university
False 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5)
Q3:Students in possession of True 7(87.5) 8 (100)
marijuana at CSUSB campus could
lose financial aid benefits grants
and scholarships
False 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
Q4: Marijuana use is illegal for True -- 8 (100)
anyone under the age of 21 just like
alcohol consumption
False -- 0 (0)

Q5: How long can marijuana stay 1 to 7 days 1(12.5) 0 (0)

in your system 7-30 days 0 (0) 8 (100)
30-60 days 4 (50) 0 (0)
Don't know 3 (37.5) 0 (0)
Q6: Which wellness program is HELP 0 (0) 0 (0)
available at CSUSB Health Center JUST ASK 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
THRIVE 4 (50) 8 (100)
HEALTH
PROMOTION
Don't know 3 (37.5) 0 (0)
Q8: Marijuana use helps retain Strongly Agree 0 (0) 0 (0)
more information during class** Agree 0 (0) 0 (0)
Disagree 2 (25) 3 (37.5)
Strongly 6 (75) 5 (62.5)
disagree
Q11: Marijuana use doesn't affect Strongly Agree 0 (0) 0 (0)
someone's performance in school** Agree 2 (25) 1(12.5)
Disagree 3 (37.5) 2 (25)
Strongly 3 (37.5) 5 (62.5)
disagree
Q19-1: Anxiety-Which of the Not chosen 5 (62.5) 8 (100)
following are short-term health Chosen 3 (37.5) 0 (0)
effect of using marijuana?

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17
 Q19-2: Difficulty thinking and Not chosen 5 (62.5) 7 (87.5)
problem solving-Which of the Chosen 3 (37.5) 1 (12.5)
following are short-term health
effect of using marijuana?
Q19-3: Disrupted memory and Not chosen 6 (75) 7 (87.5)
learning-Which of the following are Chosen 2 (25) 1(12.5)
short-term health effect of using
marijuana?
Q19-4: Increase heart rate-Which Not chosen 7 (87.5) 8 (100)
of the following are short-term Chosen 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
health effect of using marijuana?
Q19-5: All of the above-Which of Not chosen 3 (37.5) 1 (12.5)
the following are short-term health Chosen 5 (62.5) 7 (87.5)
effect of using marijuana?
Q20-1: Declined IQ-Which of the Not chosen 8 (100) 8 (100)
following are long-term health Chosen 0 (0) 0 (0)
effects of using marijuana
Q20-2: Poor school performance- Not chosen 8(100) 8 (100)
Which of the following are long- Chosen 0 (0) 0 (0)
term health effects of using
marijuana
Q20-3: Impaired thinking-Which of Not chosen 8 (100) 8 (100)
the following are long-term health Chosen 0 (0) 0 (0)
effects of using marijuana
Q20-4: All of the above-Which of Not chosen 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
the following are long-term health Chosen 7 (87.5) 8 (100)
effects of using marijuana
Q20-5: Don't know - Which of the Not chosen 7 (87.5) 8 (100)
following are long-term health Chosen 1 (12.5) 0 (0)
effects of using marijuana

Appendix E: Table 3

Table 3: Descriptive Statistics: Self-Efficacy

Questions Pre-Test, n (%) Post-Test, n (%)
Q9: I can always Strongly Agree 3 (37.50) 4 (50.00)

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manage school Agree 1 (12.50) 2 (25.00)
related stress without Disagree 1 (12.50) 1 (12.50)
using marijuana * Strongly disagree 3 (37.50) 1 (12.50)
Q12: I'm comfortable Strongly Agree 2 (25.00) 3 (37.50)
seeking help at the Agree 4 (50.00) 4 (50.00)
CSUSB-Student Disagree 2 (25.00) 1 (12.50)
Health Center * Strongly disagree 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
Q14:I can resist using Strongly Agree 5 (71.40) 5 (62.50)
marijuana even if my Agree 1 (14.30) 2 (25.00)
friends are using Disagree 1(14.30) 1 (12.50)
marijuana * Strongly disagree 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
Q15: I can study for Strongly Agree 6 (85.70) 4(50.00)
my exams without Agree 1(14.30) 3 (37.50)
using marijuana * Disagree 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
Strongly disagree 0 (0.00) 1 (12.50)

Appendix F: Sex Demographics

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19
Appendix G: Race/Ethnicity Demographics

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20
 Appendix H: SPSS File

1. Working_Data Cruz_DeLeon_Nguyen_Sacdalan_Marijuana.sav

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21
 Appendix I: Data Dictionary

Put the
Stash in the
Trash
Version 1.0

January 16, 2018

Population:

Page
22
 California State University, San Bernardino students aged
18 years and older

Authors:
Marissa Cruz, BS, MPH(c)
Carolina DeLeon, BS, MPH (c)
Anh Nguyen, BS, MPH (c)
Julian Sacdalan, BS, MBA, MPH (c)

Contact information:
Department of Health Science and Human Ecology
California State University, San Bernardino
5500 University Parkway
San Bernardino, CA 92407

Section A: Demographic Information

PREQ16 POSTQ16 Please select your sex.

Female (1)
Male (2)
Prefer not to answer (3)

PREQ 17 POSTQ17 What is your age (in years)?

Less than 18 (1)

18-25 (2)
26-36 (3)
36-50 (4)
Older than 50 (5)

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PREQ18 POSTQ18 What is your race/ethnicity?

African American (1)

Asian/Pacific Islander (2)
Caucasian (3)
Hispanic/Latino (4)
Native American (5)
Other (6)
Prefer not to answer (7)

Section B: Knowledge

PREQ5 POSTQ5. How long can marijuana stay in your system?

1-7 days (1)

7-30 days (2)
30-60 days (3)
Don't know (4)

PREQ2 POSTQ2. CSUSB is a federally funded university.

True (0)
False (1)

PREQ1. POSTQ1 Is the use of marijuana allowed at CSUSB?

True (0)
False (1)

PREQ19 POSTQ19. Which of the following are short-term health effect of using
marijuana?

Anxiety (0,1)
Difficulty thinking and problem solving (0,1)
Disrupted memory and learning (0,1)
Increase heart rate (0,1)

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24
 All of the above (0,1)
Don't know (0,1)

PREQ6 POSTQ6. Which wellness program is available at CSUSB Health Center?

Help (1)
Just Ask (2)
Thrive Health Promotion (3)
Don't Know (4)

PREQ3 POSTQ3 Students in possession of marijuana at CSUSB campus could lose

financial aid benefits grants and scholarships.

True (0)
False (1)

POSTQ4 Marijuana use is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 just like alcohol
consumption.

True (0)
False (1)

PREQ20 POSTQ20 Which of the following are long-term health effects of using
marijuana?

Declined IQ (0,1)
Poor school performance (0,1)
Impaired thinking (0,1)
All of the above (0,1)
Don't know (0,1)

PREQ8 POSTQ8 Marijuana use helps retain more information during class.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

PREQ11 POSTQ11 Marijuana use does not affect someone's performance in school.
Strongly Agree (1)

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 Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

Section C: Attitude

PREQ7 POSTQ7 Marijuana use before an exam helps me relax.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

PREQ10 POSTQ10 Marijuana use on campus is worth potentially losing financial aid
benefits, grants and scholarships.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

PREQ13 POSTQ13 Repeating an academic course would be a burden.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

Section D: Self-Efficacy

PREQ9 POSTQ9 I can always manage school related stress without using marijuana.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

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PREQ12 POSTQ12 I am comfortable seeking help at the CSUSB-Student Health Center.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

PREQ14 POSTQ14 I can resist using marijuana even if my friends are using marijuana.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

PREQ15 POST15 I can study for my exams without using marijuana.

Strongly Agree (1)

Agree (2)
Disagree (3)
Strongly Disagree (4)

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