CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, the population, the sampling method, and the
data collection procedure employed in the study.

Research Design

Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of

a lived experience within a particular group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at
a description of the nature of the particular phenomenon (Creswell, 2013). Typically, interviews
are conducted with a group of individuals who have first-hand knowledge of an event, situation or
experience. The interview(s) attempts to answer two broad questions (Moustakas, 1994): What
have you experienced in terms of the phenomenon? What contexts or situation have typically
influenced your experiences of the phenomenon (Creswell, 2013)? Other forms of data such as
documents, observations and art may also be used. The data is then read and reread and culled for
like phrases and themes that are then grouped to form clusters of meaning (Creswell, 2013).
Through this process the researcher may construct the universal meaning of the event, situation or
experience and arrive at a more profound understanding of the phenomenon.

With roots in philosophy, psychology and education, phenomenology attempts to extract

the most pure, untainted data and in some interpretations of the approach, bracketing is used by
the researcher to document personal experiences with the subject to help remove him or herself
from the process. One method of bracketing is memoing (Maxwell, 2013).

The research design of the present study is phenomenology because the objective of
phenomenology is the direct investigation and description of phenomena as consciously
experienced, without theories about their causal explanations or their objective reality.
Population & Sampling Method

The target population for this research define to include all the teaching and non-teaching
staffs of Cataning Elementary School.

The researchers used non-probability method specifically purposive sampling. A purposive

sample is a non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the
objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective
sampling. This type of sampling can be very useful in situations when you need to reach a targeted
sample quickly, and where sampling for proportionality is not the main concern. (Crossman, 2017)

Data Collection Procedure

The researcher constructed a letter asking for permission for an interview for their
respondent. The researcher went to the Cataning Elementary School to conduct the interview about
their readiness in Fire Incident. The respondent were presented with the questions and given an
enough time to answer question intended for the interview. An unstructured interview was also
used during the process.

Unstructured interviews are usually the least reliable from research viewpoint, because
no questions are prepared prior to the interview and data collection is conducted in an informal
manner. Unstructured interviews can be associated with a high level of bias and comparison of
answers given by different respondents tends to be difficult due to the differences in formulation
of questions.
Observation- Observation is a systematic data collection approach. Researchers use all of
their senses to examine people in natural settings or naturally occurring situations. Observation of
a field setting involves: prolonged engagement in a setting or social situation.
Survey- A field of applied statistics of human research surveys, survey methodology
studies the sampling of individual units from a population and the associated survey data collection
techniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and
accuracy of responses to surveys.
 Notes in Chapter III

Chambers, T. (2013, July 11). Retrieved from

https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/com9640epstein/?p=543

Crossman, A. (2017, March 18). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/purposive-

sampling-3026727