I have a very good piece of information downloaded form NET on the VECTOR

CONTROL
I think it will be useful for the all the users of this forum. Your Comments and any more
inputs to this Thread is highly welcomed.
A standard VFD (lets call it a Scalar Drive) puts out a PWM pattern designed to maintain a
constant V/Hz pattern to the motor under ideal conditions. How the motor reacts to that PWM
pattern is very dependent upon the load conditions. The Scalar drive knows nothing about that, it
only tells the motor what to do. If for example it provides 43Hz to the motor, and the motor spins
at a speed equivalent to 40Hz, the Scalar Drive doesn't know. You can't do true torque control
with a scalar drive because it has no way of knowing what the motor output torque is (beyond an
educated guess). A Vector Drive uses feedback of various real world information (more on that
later) to further modify the PWM pattern to maintain more precise control of the desired operating
parameter, be it speed or torque. Using a more powerful and faster microprocessor, it uses the
feedback information to calculate the exact vector of voltage and frequency to attain the goal. In a
true closed loop fashion, it goes on to constantly update that vector to maintain it. It tells the
motor what to do, then checks to see if it did it, then changes its command to correct for any error.
Vector drives come in 2 types, Open Loop and Closed Loop, based upon the way they get their
feedback information. A true Closed Loop Vector Drive uses a shaft encoder on the motor to give
positive shaft position indication back to the microprocessor (mP). So when the mP says move x
radians, the encoder says "it only moved x-2 radians". The mP then alters the PWM signature on
the fly to make up for the error. For torque control, the feedback allows the mP to adjust the
pattern so that a constant level of torque can be maintained regardless of speed, i.e. a winder
application where diameters are constantly changing. If the shaft moves one way or the other too
much, the torque requirement is wrong and the error is corrected. A true closed Loop Vector Drive
can also make an AC motor develop continuous full torque at zero speed, something that
previously only DC drives were capable of. That makes them suitable for crane and hoist
applications where the motor must produce full torque before the brake is released or else the
load begins dropping and it can't be stopped. Closed Loop is also so close to being a servo drive
that some people use them as such. The shaft encoder can be used to provide precise travel
feedback by counting pulses. Open Loop is actually a misnomer becuase it is actually a closed
loop system, but the feedback loop comes from within the VFD itself instead of an external
encoder. For this reason there is a trend to refer to them as "Sensorless Vector" drives. The mP
creates a mathematical "model" of the motor operating parameters and keeps it in memory. As
the motor operates, the mP monitors the output current (mainly), compares it to the model and
determines from experience what the different current effects mean in terms of the motor
performance. Then the mP executes the necessary error corrections just as the closed Loop
Vector Drive does. The only drawback is that as the motor gets slower, the ability of the mP to
detect the subtle changes in magnetics becomes more difficult. At zero speed it is generally
accepted that an Open loop Vector Drive is not reliable enough to use on cranes and hoists. For
most other applications though it is just fine. This is all done at very high speeds, that is why you
did not see Vector Drives as available earlier on. The cost of the high speed mP technology has
now come down to every day availability.

Further to add this

An induction motor is very similar to a DC motor. It needs a magnetizing current and a torque
producing current. In a DC motor, these two currents are fed to two different windings; the field
winding and the armature winding. In an induction motor, there is only one set of windings: the
stator winding. So the vector drive has to separate the two components some other way. It does
this by keeping in mind that magnetizing current always lags (inductive) the voltage by 90
degrees and that the torque producing current is always in phase with the voltage. It controls the
magnetizing current (usually named Id) in one control loop and the torque producing current (Iq)
in another control loop. The two vectors Id and Iq, which are always 90 degrees apart, are then
aded (vector sum) and sent to the modulator, which turns the vector information into a rotating
PWM modulated three-phase system with the correct frequency and voltage. As soon as a
deviation from correct speed or torque or magnetizing current is detected by the control loops the
corresponding variable will be changed by the controller to correct the variable. If - for example -
the speed is wrong, the output frequency will be corrected and also the voltage so that the correct
magnetizing current is maintained. And correspondingly, if the stator winding heats up the
magnetizing current would go down if the decrease wasn't detected and corrected by the
controller. The action in this latter case is that the voltage goes up (PWM adjusted), but not the
frequency (the speed was already correct. Vector drives are among the most complex standard
equipments that exist. But keeping in mind that there are always two control loops, one for
magnetizing current and one for speed/torque will help thinking about them.

Contact Us
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Email:
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SIEMENS a leading manufacturer of AC Adjustable Frequency Drive / Inverters. SIEMENS
position in the world drives market today is driven by their knowledge from more than a
century of close co-operation with industrial clients around the world. SIEMENS is able to
provide a complete offering of AC Inverters, VFD’s with multiple technologies, Vector
Control to Open loop Inverters. SIEMENS Drives offers them in 120v, 208v, 230v, 380v,
460v, 575v as well as Medium Voltage. AutomationStock can supply the full range of
SIEMENS drives to suit any industrial applications. See Also:
 SIEMENS 6RA
 SIEMENS MM
Micromaster 410  SIEMENS MM
 SIEMENS MM
Siemens MICROMASTER 410 VFD are suitable for a variety
of variable-speed drive applications. Inverter is a micro
frequency drive for controlling the speed of three phase AC
 SIEMENS MM
motors.
 120V to 230V

 1/6HP to 1 HP

Micromaster 411 Standard

Siemens MICROMASTER 411 products are ideally suited to

decentralized drive applications which have the
requirement for high IP protection rating.
Micromaster 411 Ecofast

Siemens ECOFAST (Energy and Communication Field

Installation System) is a system for decentralization
without control cabinets.
Micromaster 420

Siemens MICROMASTER 420 inverter is a industrial drive

suitable for a variety of variable-speed applications,
especially pumps, fans, and conveyor systems. It can be
configured to meet a variety of interface and Flux Current
Control performance requirements.

 200V to 480V

 1/6HP to 15HP

Micromaster 430

Siemens MICROMASTER 430 inverter is a variable torque

drive designed for industrial variable speed fan and pump
applications. The MM430 is an easy to use inverter
characterized by linear & quadratic V/Hz control capability.

 380V to 480V

 10HP to 125HP

Micromaster 440

Siemens MICROMASTER 440 inverter is a high performance

general purpose vector drive designed for demanding
variable-speed applications, where dynamic response,
torque control, and tight speed regulation are required.

 200V to 600V

 1/6HP to 250HP CT or 300HP V

Sinamics G110

Siemens SINAMICS G110 is especially suited for use with

pumps and fans, or as a drive in various industrial sectors,
such as the food, textile and packaging industries, as well
as for conveyor systems, factory gate and garage door
operating mechanisms, and as a universal drive for moving
billboards.
Sinamics G130

Siemens Variable-speed drives are advantageous for all

applications that involve moving, conveying, pumping or
compressing solids, liquids or gases
Sinamics G150

Siemens SINAMICS G150 drive converter cabinet units are

characterized by their compact, modular, and service-
friendly design. A wide range of options is available
depending on the cabinet version which permit optimum
adaptation of the drive system to the respective
requirements.

Simoreg 6RA70

Siemens SIMOREG 6RA70 DC Drive is fully digital, compact

units for connection to a AC supply. They in turn supply the
armature and field variable-speed DC drives.

 Regen & Non Regen Drives

 15-1660 Amps