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 Review of Related Literature

Reasons Behind Malnourishment

Malnutrition happens when the intake of essential macronutrients and macronutrients

doesn’t cover, or exceed, the body’s requirements for proper functioning. It is then a blanket

term for under-nutrition, over nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. The bulk of the efforts

towards battling malnutrition are focused on under-nutrition as roughly 795 million people (or

1in 9) are undernourished and about 98% of those 795 million live in developing countries (U, N

2014). Under nutrition accounts for the stunting of 30 out of every 100 children in developing

countries, as well as aiding in 35% of deaths caused by measles, pneumonia and other illness in

the same countries. This takes a massive toll on the population, as children who experience under

malnutrition who early in rises life are at a disadvantages they most likely will not recover from,

which leads to loss of millions of potentially bright futures and the perpetuation of poverty. On

the other hand, obesity (which is the most well-known face of over nutrition) is becoming a

pandemic. In 2013 42 million of adult aged 18 and older were obese. This is allowing especially

when taking into account that most of the world’s population lives in countries where. Over-

nutrition kills more people than under nutrition. Causes of under-nutrition is poverty, lack of

access to food, disease, conflict, climate change, lack of access to safe drinking water, increased
demand of energy, mental health, and eating disorder. Causes of over-nutrition is limited access

to food, having a healthy diet and lifestyle and consuming dietary supplements.

Malnutrition affects people of every age, although infants, children and adolescents may

suffer the most because many nutrients are critical for normal growth and development. Other

people may develop malnutrition because aging, illness, and other factors and can sometimes

lead to a poor appetite, so they may not eat enough. Under nourishment is most often due to not

enough high quality food being available to eat. This is often related to high food prices and

poverty. A lack of breastfeeding may contribute, as may a number of infectious disease such as;

gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria and measles, which increase nutrients requirements. There

are two main types of undernutrition and dietary defiance’s. Protein energy malnutrition has two

severe forms. Marasmus (a lack of protein and calories) and kwashiorkor a lack of just protein.

Common micronutrients deficiencies include: a lack of iron, iodine and vitamin. A during

pregnancy, due to the body increase need, deficiencies may become more common. In some

developing countries, over nutrition in the forms is obesity to present within the same

communities as under malnutrition. There were 793 million undernourished people in the world

in 2015 (13% of the total population). This is reduction of 216 million people since 1990 when

23% were under nourished. In 2012 it was estimated that another to the resulted in 323,00

deaths-downs from 510,000 deaths in 1990. Other nutritional deficiencies which include iodine

deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, result in another 83,000 deaths. In 2010 malnutrition was

a cause of 14% of all disability adjusted life years. Under nutrition is more common in

developing countries. Certain groups have higher rates of undernutrition, including women-in

particular while pregnant or breastfeeding-children under five years of age, and the elderly. In
the elderly undernutrition becomes more common due to physical, psychological and social

factors. This document provides a compact of WHO guidance or nutrition interventions targeting

the first 1000 days of life. Focusing on this package of essential nutrition’s actions (ENA), policy

makers could reduce infant and child mortality, improve physical and mental growth and

development, and improve productivity.

 METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN FOR

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. According to the selection, how the interview in “popular” media differ from those

qualitative research?

-The interview of “popular” media with its rigid question and answer format, the

interview qualitative research comes in many guises, as can be seen in this issue.

2. How can you describe the contemporary form of interview?

- David Silverman (1997) seeing the widespread use and impact of interviews on

contemporary life has suggested use and impact of interviews on contemporary life has

suggested that we live in an “interview society”. (p.248). Among the conditions required by an

interview society, Silverman sees as an informing subjectivity the evolution of a self as an object

of narration.

3. Have interviews really changed the society at least in the relevant aspects of like? Why or

why not?
 -Yes, because this is seen in the democratization of the interpretations of one’s experiences,

individuals are seen as “significant commenters on their own experience.”

4. What do you think is the outmost importance of interview in a qualitative research?

-The outmost importance of interview in a qualitative research as a way to gathered

information, is of fairly recent origin there being when an interview as such did not exist.