1.

Stream flow discharges for high flow after a rainfall and low flow during an
ordinary day of the flow stream F2.
The flow depths and velocity of the stream flow were measured at two sampling cross sections
along the canal in two days.

1.1 Stream flow discharge for low flow condition during an ordinary day:
The computed results, flow velocity and strip wise flow area are shown in a tabulated method as
detail calculations are done using area-velocity method and Herschy’s floating method that are
shown under the section 4 of this report.

Table 1: Flow rate measurements at cross section 1

Verticals Distance from Depth (m) Velocity - mean Width (m) Area (m^2) Discharge (m^3/s)
initial point (m) (m/s)
LB 0 0 0
1 0.19 0.32 0.0633 0.135 4.32E-02 2.73E-03
2 0.269 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
3 0.348 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
4 0.427 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
5 0.506 0.34 0.0633 0.079 2.69E-02 1.70E-03
6 0.585 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
7 0.664 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
8 0.743 0.324 0.0633 0.079 2.56E-02 1.62E-03
9 0.822 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
10 0.901 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
11 0.98 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
12 1.059 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
13 1.138 0.324 0.0633 0.079 2.56E-02 1.62E-03
14 1.217 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
15 1.296 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
16 1.375 0.34 0.0633 0.079 2.69E-02 1.70E-03
17 1.454 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
18 1.533 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
19 1.612 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
20 1.691 0.32 0.0633 0.079 2.53E-02 1.60E-03
21 1.77 0.33 0.0633 0.079 2.61E-02 1.65E-03
22 1.849 0.32 0.0633 0.140 4.48E-02 2.84E-03
RB 2.05 0 0

Total Discharge 0.04

(40 liters/s)
Table 2: Flow rate measurements at cross section 2

Verticals Distance from Depth (m) Velocity: mean Width (m) Area (m^2) Discharge (m^3/s)
initial point (m) (m/s)
RB 0 0.17 0 0
1 0.05 0.16 0.261 0.05 8.00E-03 2.09E-03
2 0.1 0.19 0.261 0.05 9.50E-03 2.48E-03
3 0.15 0.17 0.261 0.05 8.50E-03 2.22E-03
4 0.2 0.162 0.261 0.05 8.10E-03 2.11E-03
5 0.25 0.16 0.261 0.05 8.00E-03 2.09E-03
6 0.3 0.153 0.261 0.05 7.65E-03 2.00E-03
7 0.35 0.16 0.261 0.05 8.00E-03 2.09E-03
8 0.4 0.15 0.261 0.05 7.50E-03 1.96E-03
9 0.45 0.145 0.261 0.05 7.25E-03 1.89E-03
10 0.5 0.15 0.261 0.05 7.50E-03 1.96E-03
11 0.55 0.16 0.261 0.05 8.00E-03 2.09E-03
12 0.6 0.13 0.261 0.05 6.50E-03 1.70E-03
13 0.65 0.13 0.261 0.05 6.50E-03 1.70E-03
14 0.7 0.14 0.261 0.05 7.00E-03 1.83E-03
15 0.75 0.13 0.261 0.05 6.50E-03 1.70E-03
16 0.8 0.14 0.261 0.05 7.00E-03 1.83E-03
17 0.85 0.132 0.261 0.05 6.60E-03 1.72E-03
18 0.9 0.15 0.261 0.05 7.50E-03 1.96E-03
19 0.95 0.13 0.261 0.05 6.50E-03 1.70E-03
20 1 0.15 0.261 0.05 7.50E-03 1.96E-03
LB 1.05 0.15 0 0.05 7.50E-03 0.00E+00

Total Discharge 0.0391

(39.1 liters/s)

Average flow rate during an ordinary day (dry season) = (40+39.1)/2 = 39.55 l/s

1.2 Stream flow discharge for high flow condition after a rainfall:
Table 3: Flow rate measurements at cross section 1

Verticals Distance from Depth (m) Velocity: mean Width (m) Area (m^2) Discharge (m^3/s)
initial point (m) (m/s)
LB 0 0 0
1 0.19 0.39 0.085 0.135 5.27E-02 4.48E-03
2 0.269 0.39 0.085 0.079 3.08E-02 2.62E-03
3 0.348 0.404 0.085 0.079 3.19E-02 2.71E-03
4 0.427 0.404 0.085 0.079 3.19E-02 2.71E-03
5 0.506 0.393 0.085 0.079 3.10E-02 2.64E-03
6 0.585 0.404 0.085 0.079 3.19E-02 2.71E-03
7 0.664 0.4 0.085 0.079 3.16E-02 2.69E-03
8 0.743 0.394 0.085 0.079 3.11E-02 2.64E-03
9 0.822 0.4 0.085 0.079 3.16E-02 2.69E-03
10 0.901 0.394 0.085 0.079 3.11E-02 2.64E-03
11 0.98 0.39 0.085 0.079 3.08E-02 2.62E-03
12 1.059 0.403 0.085 0.079 3.18E-02 2.70E-03
13 1.138 0.4 0.085 0.079 3.16E-02 2.69E-03
14 1.217 0.405 0.085 0.079 3.20E-02 2.72E-03
15 1.296 0.395 0.085 0.079 3.12E-02 2.65E-03
16 1.375 0.413 0.085 0.079 3.26E-02 2.77E-03
17 1.454 0.404 0.085 0.079 3.19E-02 2.71E-03
18 1.533 0.404 0.085 0.079 3.19E-02 2.71E-03
19 1.612 0.394 0.085 0.079 3.11E-02 2.64E-03
20 1.691 0.394 0.085 0.079 3.11E-02 2.64E-03
21 1.77 0.404 0.085 0.079 3.19E-02 2.71E-03
22 1.849 0.393 0.085 0.140 5.50E-02 4.68E-03
RB 2.05 0 0

Total Discharge 0.063

(63 litres/s)
Checking the ratio of stream flow discharges under high and low flow conditions:

Total discharge under low flow condition = 39.55 l/s

Total discharge under high flow condition = 63 l/s

Ratio = (63 l/s) /( 39.55 l/s) = 1.59

2. Channel cross sections

Cross Section – 01
o Reach length = 2.05m
o No of divisions across the cross section and depends on the stream = 21

Cross Section – 02
o Reach length = 2.05m
o No of divisions across the cross section and depends on the stream = 21
3. Bankfull level at sampling location, and the highest annual water level
Studying the given location and cannel banks. Bankfull level was measured

Location 1

Figure 1 : Bankfull Level: Location 1

Average Water depth = 330mm

Bankfull Level = 880mm

Location 2

In location 2 banks were not in the same level

as shown in the figure. Assumption was made

to consider the lowest side as the bankfull level.

Average Water depth = 150mm

Average bankfull level = 880mm (0.88m)

(Considering lowest level bank)

Figure 2 Bankfull Level: Location 2
Highest Annual Water Level

According to the locals NOT considering floods water level usually goes up by 1.5fts by rainiy
season in cannel location 1.

Highest Annual Water Level = Average Water Depth + 1.5ft in mm

= 330mm + 456mm

= 786mm (0.78m)
4. Calculation of discharge by area-velocity method to the two cross sections and
flow velocity by Herschy’s floating method.

Since verticals ‘d1’ and ‘d22’ are placed as closed as possible to the banks with almost zero flow
velocity and the cross section is wide, the discharges in the end segments can normally be
neglected.

No of divisions across the rectangular Cross Section - 01 = 21

No verticals depths = 22

Width of a segment = 0.079 m

Mean Flow velocity = 0.0633 m/s

Determination of segmental velocity corresponding to d11 vertical:

d11 = 0.32 m

q11 = Mean velocity x Area

= 0.0633 m/s x ((0.079/2 + 0.079/2) x 0.32)

= 1.6 x 10-3 m3/s

Likewise, Total discharge = ∑𝑖=22

𝑖=1 𝑞𝑖 = 40 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑠 (see Table 1 for the rest of the results)
Flow velocity by floating method:

Velocity: By floating a stick between two known destinations along the channel
Distance(m) Time (s) Velocity(m/s)
1.6 25.28 0.0633

Since verticals ‘d1’ and ‘d20’ are placed as closed as possible to the banks with almost zero flow
velocity and the cross section is wide, the discharges in the end segments can normally be
neglected.

No of divisions across the rectangular Cross Section - 02 = 21

No verticals depths across the rectangular cross section = 20

Width of a segment = 0.05 m

Mean Flow velocity = 0.261 m/s

Determination of segmental velocity corresponding to d10 vertical:

d10 = 0.15 m

q11 = Mean Flow velocity x Area

= 0.261 m/s x ((0.05/2 + 0.05/2) x 0.15)

 = 1.96 x 10-3 m3/s

Likewise, Total discharge = ∑𝑖=20

𝑖=1 𝑞𝑖 = 39.1 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑠 (see Table 2 for rest of the results)

Flow velocity by floating method:

Velocity: By floating a stick between two known destinations along the channel
Distance(m) Time (s) Velocity(m/s)
1.62 6.2 0.261

Average Flow Discharge of the canal = (40 l s-1 + 39.1 l s-1 )/2 = 39 .55 l s-1

5. Slope of the stream

101 − 5 − 90
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝ =
160

∝ = 2.148°

6. Highest flood level in last 50 years in and around area

Searching through the database of DMC – Disaster Management Center and department of
meteorology no valuable documents were found. After taking measurements of the cannel group
members managed to ask around from locals about the floods in previous 50 years of time.

According to locals 2016 May flood was the largest ever occurred in the area. Hundreds of
families were homeless and few locals died; distribution of the dry rations and food were done
by navy boats.As the locals said “Water level was 4-5 feet above the road level. Given canal
goes under the road.
Calculating the flood level

Current water level = 330mm (Average value of the cross section 1)

Water Level and cannel top slab bottom = 1010mm
Top slab thickness = 300mm
Flood water level – (5ft X 304.8) = 1524mm
Flood water level from the cannel bottom = 330 + 1010 + 300 + 1524
= 3164mm (3.16m)

Figure 6 – Road Level and Cannel Bottom Level: Source Google Street View

7.instream mesoscale physical features

8. Characterizing sand profile

This is the cross-sectional area for the low flow

scenario which we considered in our given
location.
From the visual observation we can identify,
Coarse sand and gravel on the location

This is the cross-sectional area for the high flow scenario which we
considered in our given location.
From the visual observation we can identify,
Fine sand, gravel and coarse sand on the location
9. BANKFULL DISCHARGE
Manning’s equation
1.0 2 1
V0 (m/s) ≈ [Rh (m)]3 𝑆0 2
n
𝑅ℎ = Hydraulic radius
𝑉0 = Uniform Flow velocity
𝑆0 = Slope
𝑛 = Manning’s Roughness Coefficient
 Bankfull Discharge @ location 1

2.8m

1.1 m 0.88 m 1.1 m

1.66 m
𝐴
Hydraulic radius = 𝑅ℎ =
𝑃𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
2.8 + 1.66
𝐴=( ) × 0.88 = 1.9624𝑚2
2
𝑃𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 1.1𝑚 + 1.1𝑚 + 1.66𝑚 = 3.86m
1.9624𝑚2
𝑅ℎ = = 0.508𝑚
3.86𝑚
60𝑚𝑚
𝑆0 = 1600𝑚𝑚 = 0.0375

n = Gravelly 0.025 ±0.005

(Reference : Table 10.1 Experimental Values of Manning’s n Factor; FLUID MECHANICS-7th
Ed.;Frank M.White)
2 1
1.0
V0 (m/s) ≈ 0.025 [0.508 (m)]3 0.03752 ≈ 4.932m/s

Therefore, Bankfull Discharge = 4.932m/s ×1.9624m2 =9.678m3/s

 Bankfull Discharge @ location 2

2.8m

0.88 m
1.1 m 1.1 m

1.66 m

𝐴
Hydraulic radius = 𝑅ℎ = 𝑃
𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑

2.8 + 1.66
𝐴=( ) × 0.88 = 1.9624𝑚2
2

𝑃𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 1.1𝑚 + 1.1𝑚 + 1.66𝑚 = 3.86m

1.9624𝑚2
𝑅ℎ = = 0.508𝑚
3.86𝑚
60𝑚𝑚
𝑆0 = 1600𝑚𝑚 = 0.0375

n = Stony, cobbles 0.035 ±0.010

(Reference: Table 10.1 Experimental Values of Manning’s n Factor; FLUID MECHANICS-7th

Ed.;Frank M.White)
2 1
1.0
V0 (m/s) ≈ 0.035 [0.508 (m)]3 0.03752 ≈ 3.523m/s

Therefore, Bankfull Discharge = 3.523m/s ×1.9624m2 =6.913m3/s