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SISTEM (APS)
Pemodelan Kebutuhan:
Pendekatan Terstruktur
Tujuan perkuliahan
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 2/26
Agenda
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 3/26
Konsep pemodelan kebutuhan
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 4/26
Prinsip pemodelan kebutuhan
Model yang dibuat harus fokus pada kebutuhan yang
relevan dengan domain permasalahan WHAT
Setiap model kebutuhan harus bisa dilacak ke model
perancangan traceability
Setiap elemen dalam model kebutuhan harus
mampu memperjelas pemahaman secara utuh
terhadap kebutuhan PL domain masalah,
fungsionalitas dan perilaku sistem
Minimalisasi kopling antar klas/modul
Pastikan bahwa model kebutuhan memiliki nilai
manfaat untuk seluruh stakeholders
Model dibuat sesederhana mungkin notasi yang
sederhana, non duplikasi informasi
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 5/26
Tipe-tipe model kebutuhan
Scenario-based models
– Berdasarkan sudut pandang aktor
Data models
– Menjelaskan domain informasi dari masalah
Class-oriented models
– Merepresentasikan klas-klas yang relevan dengan
kebutuhan PL
Flow-oriented models
– Merepresentasikan proses dan data dari sistem
Behavioral models
– Merepresentasikan perilaku sistem berdasar event
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 6/26
Pemodelan Terstruktur
Konsep
Processes
Data Behavior
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 8/26
Elemen-elemen pemodelan
Process
Data Object
Specification
Description
(PSPEC)
Data Flow
ER Diagram Diagram
(DFD)
Data
Dictionary
State
Transition
Diagram
(STD)
Control
Specification
(CSPEC)
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 9/26
Data dictionary
Representasi Simbol :
= : composed of + : and
{} : iterations of [….|…] : selection / or
() : optional “ “ : literal
* * : comment/description
Vend product (partly) :
Name Element Type
object [coin | slug](product) data
product [ice cream | coffee | candy] data
coins 0{[quarter | nickel | dime]}8 data
product available [TRUE | FALSE] control
[“YES” | “NO”]
quarter *25 cents US currency*
coin return request [TRUE | FALSE] control
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 10/26
Data model – ER diagram
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 11/26
Data model – data object description
Data object
– represents a composite information
– consists of a number of different attributes or
properties
– encapsulates data only no operation applied to its
data
– can be external entity, thing, occurrence/event, role,
organizational unit, structure, etc.
– e.g. dimensions (height, weight, depth), cars (make,
model, ID, body type, color, owner)
– can be represented in a tabular representation
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 12/26
Process model – DFD
Useful for analyzing existing as well as proposed
systems process decomposition
Focus on the movement of data between external
entities and processes, and between processes
and data stores
A relatively simple technique to learn and use
Model elements: terminator, process, data flow,
control flow, storage, control bar
The highest level (0) Context diagram
– Single process
– Terminators
– Data flows, control flows
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 13/26
Process model – Elemen2 DFD
Terminator
– Representasi entitas eksternal
– Notasi: persegi panjang Customer
– Tidak memproses data
Data flow
– Representasi aliran data
data
– Notasi: anak panah penuh
– Umumnya satu arah
– Hubungkan terminator, process dan storage
Control flow
– Representasi aliran kontrol proses control
– Notasi: anak panah putus2
– Hubungkan terminator, process dan control bar
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 14/26
Process model – Elemen2 DFD (1)
Process
– Representasi aktifitas sistem 1
– Notasi: lingkaran Proses A
– Memproses data
Storage
– Representasi tempat penyimpanan data data X
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 17/26
Process model – DFD/CFD leveling
Must be consistent
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 18/26
Data/Control Context Diagram (DCD/CCD)
object
returned coins
0*
customer
selection Vend
Customer Customer
product
slug
product
coin return
request product
available
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 19/26
Data/Control Flow Diagram (DFD/CFD level 1)
coin return
object request
coins
1* 5* returned coins
slug payment Dispense
Get
customer change
payment change due
sufficient
coin detected payment 3p
Validate product
payment product
price 6p
available product
2p Dispense
dispensed
Get product
product
4p valid selection
price valid selection
price table Get valid
selection
customer product products
selection available
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 20/26
Data/Control Flow Diagram (DFD/CFD level 2)
coin return
request
product
change due
available
5.2p
payment coins
Get
coins payment
coin
payment
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 21/26
Process model – Process specification
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 22/26
Behavior model
Waiting for a
coin payment returned
accept new coin
coin detected
accept customer coin return request
request return payment
product dispensed
Waiting for Returning
accept new coin
selection payment
product
sufficient payment available=FALSE
dispense product return payment
Dispensing
product
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 23/26
Behavior model (1)
get
coin return product get change
payment
request available coin
coin
TRUE TRUE 1 0
D/C FALSE 0 1
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 24/26
Latihan DFD
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 25/26
Summary
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Kebutuhan: Terstruktur | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 26/26