Problema 03:

Ensamblar la matriz de rigidez K, calcular las fuerzas en los

elementos de la estructura.

Datos:

E ≔ 70 GPa

2
A0 ≔ 4000 mm

Solución:

1. Grados de Libertad:

2. Matriz de rigidez de cada elemento "Local":

EA ⎡ 1 -1 ⎤
K' = ――⋅⎢ ⎥
L ⎣ -1 1 ⎦
Elemento AB: Lab ≔ 3.5 m

⎡ 80 -80 ⎤ kN
K'ab = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎣ -80 80 ⎦ mm

Elemento BC: Lbc ≔ 4.00 m

⎡ 70 -70 ⎤ kN
K'bc = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎣ -70 70 ⎦ mm

Elemento DC: Ldc ≔ 3.50 m

⎡ 80 -80 ⎤ kN
K'dc = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎣ -80 80 ⎦ mm

Elemento AD: Lad ≔ 4.00 m

⎡ 70 -70 ⎤ kN
K'ad = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎣ -70 70 ⎦ mm

Elemento AC: Lac ≔ 5.315 m

⎡ 52.6811 -52.6811 ⎤ kN
K'ac = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎣ -52.6811 52.6811 ⎦ mm

Elemento BD: Lbd ≔ 5.315 m

⎡ 52.6811 -52.6811 ⎤ kN
K'bd = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎣ -52.6811 52.6811 ⎦ mm
3. Matriz de rigidez de cada elemento "Global":

Elemento AB: ϕi ≔ 90° ϕj ≔ 90°

⎡0 1 0 0⎤
Tab = ⎢ ⎡0⎤
⎣ 0 0 0 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢0⎥
GLab = ⎢ ⎥
T
⎢1⎥
Kab ≔ Tab ⋅ K'ab ⋅ Tab ⎣2⎦

⎡0 0 0 0⎤
⎢ 0 80 0 -80 ⎥ kN
Kab = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎢0 0 0 0 ⎥ mm
⎢⎣ 0 -80 0 80 ⎥⎦

Elemento BC: ϕi ≔ 0° ϕj ≔ 0°

⎡1 0 0 0⎤
Tbc = ⎢
⎣ 0 0 1 0 ⎥⎦

T
Kbc ≔ Tbc ⋅ K'bc ⋅ Tbc

⎡ 70 0 -70 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎡1⎤
0 0 0 ⎥ kN ⎢2⎥
Kbc = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎢ -70 0 70 0 ⎥ mm GLbc = ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢3⎥
⎣4⎦

Elemento AD: ϕi ≔ 0° ϕj ≔ -45°

⎡1 0 0 0 ⎤
Tad = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0.707 -0.707 ⎦
 T
Kad ≔ Tad ⋅ K'ad ⋅ Tad

⎡0⎤
⎡ 70 0 -49.497 49.497 ⎤ ⎢0⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kN GLad = ⎢ ⎥
Kad = ⎢
0 35
⎥ ―― ⎢5⎥
⎢ -49.497 -35 ⎥ mm ⎣0⎦
⎢⎣ 49.497 0 -35 35 ⎥⎦

Elemento DC: ϕi ≔ 45° ϕj ≔ 90°

⎡5⎤
⎡ 0.707 0.707 0 0 ⎤ ⎢0⎥
Tdc = ⎢
⎣0 0 0 1 ⎥⎦ GLdc = ⎢ ⎥
⎢3⎥
⎣4⎦
T
Kdc ≔ Tdc ⋅ K'dc ⋅ Tdc

⎡ 40 40 0 -56.569 ⎤
⎢ 40 40 0 -56.569 ⎥ kN
Kdc = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ mm
⎢⎣ -56.569 -56.569 0 80 ⎥⎦

Elemento AC: ϕi ≔ 41.186° ϕj ≔ 41.186°

⎡0⎤
⎡ 0.753 0.659 0 0 ⎤ ⎢0⎥
Tac = ⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 0.753 0.659 ⎦ GLac = ⎢ ⎥
⎢3⎥
⎣4⎦
T
Kac ≔ Tac ⋅ K'ac ⋅ Tac

⎡ 29.837 26.107 -29.837 -26.107 ⎤

⎢ 26.107 22.844 -26.107 -22.844 ⎥
kN
Kac = ⎢ ⎥ ――
⎢ -29.837 -26.107 29.837 26.107 ⎥ mm
⎢⎣ -26.107 -22.844 26.107 22.844 ⎥⎦
Elemento BD: ϕi ≔ -41.186° ϕj ≔ -86.186°

⎡ 0.753 -0.659 0 0 ⎤
Tbd = ⎢
⎣0 0 0.067 -0.998 ⎥⎦

T
Kbd ≔ Tbd ⋅ K'bd ⋅ Tbd

⎡ 29.837 -26.107 -2.637 39.559 ⎤

⎢ -26.107 22.844 2.308 -34.614 ⎥ kN ⎡1⎤
Kbd = ⎢ ⎥ ―― ⎢2⎥
⎢ -2.637 2.308 0.233 -3.496 ⎥ mm GLbd = ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 39.559 -34.614 -3.496 52.448 ⎥⎦ ⎢5⎥
⎣0⎦

4. Matriz de rigidez de la estructura:

⎡ 99.837 -26.107 -70 0 -2.637 ⎤ ⎡1⎤

⎢ -26.107 102.844 0 0 2.308 ⎥ ⎢2⎥
⎢ ⎥ kN ⎢ ⎥
K = ⎢ -70 0 99.837 26.107 0 ⎥ ―― GL = ⎢ 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 26.107 102.844 -56.569 ⎥ mm ⎢4⎥
⎢⎣ -2.637 2.308 0 -56.569 75.233 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ 5 ⎥⎦

5. Matriz de Fuerzas:

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
F ≔ ⎢ 30 ⎥ kN
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

6. Desplazamientos:
⎡ 0.60524846 ⎤
⎢ 0.15895649 ⎥
-1 ⎢ ⎥
F = K⋅u u ≔ K ⋅ F = ⎢ 0.81286455 ⎥ mm
⎢ -0.33655426 ⎥
⎢⎣ -0.23671798 ⎥⎦
 ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.60524846 ⎤ ⎡ -0.23671798 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0.15895649 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
uab ≔ ⎢ ⎥ mm ubc ≔ ⎢ ⎥ mm udc ≔ ⎢ ⎥ mm
⎢ 0.60524846 ⎥ ⎢ 0.81286455 ⎥ ⎢ 0.81286455 ⎥
⎣ 0.15895649 ⎦ ⎣ -0.33655426 ⎦ ⎢⎣ -0.33655426 ⎥⎦

⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0.60524846 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0.15895649 ⎥
uad ≔ ⎢ ⎥ mm uac ≔ ⎢ ⎥ mm ubd ≔ ⎢ ⎥ mm
⎢ -0.23671798 ⎥ ⎢ 0.81286455 ⎥ ⎢ -0.23671798 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ -0.33655426 ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦

7. Fuerzas en cada elemento:

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ -12.717 ⎥
Fab ≔ Kab ⋅ uab = ⎢ ⎥ kN F'ab = 12.717 kN
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎣ 12.717 ⎦

⎡ -14.533 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥
Fbc ≔ Kbc ⋅ ubc = ⎢ ⎥ kN F'bc = 14.533 kN
⎢ 14.533 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

⎡ 9.57 ⎤
⎢ 9.57 ⎥
Fdc ≔ Kdc ⋅ udc = ⎢ ⎥ kN F'dc = -13.534 kN
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎣ -13.534 ⎦

⎡ 11.717 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥
Fad ≔ Kad ⋅ uad = ⎢ ⎥ kN F'ad = -11.717 kN
⎢ -8.285 ⎥
⎣ 8.285 ⎦

⎡ -15.467 ⎤
⎢ -13.534 ⎥
Fac ≔ Kac ⋅ uac = ⎢ ⎥ kN F'ac = 20.552 kN
⎢ 15.467 ⎥
⎢⎣ 13.534 ⎥⎦

⎡ 14.533 ⎤
⎢ -12.717 ⎥
Fbd ≔ Kbd ⋅ ubd = ⎢ ⎥ kN F'bd = -19.311 kN
⎢ -1.285 ⎥
⎢⎣ 19.268 ⎥⎦
8. Reacciones en los apoyos:

Rax ≔ 0 kN + 11.717 kN + -15.467 kN = -3.75 kN

Ray ≔ -12.717 kN + 0 kN + -13.534 kN = -26.3 kN

Rdx ≔ 9.57 kN + -8.285 kN + -1.285 kN = 0 kN

Rdy ≔ 9.57 kN + -8.285 kN + 19.268 kN = 20.55 kN