APUSH

The Affluent Society John Kenneth Galbraith's novel about America's post-war prosperity as a new
phenomenon. Economy of scarcity --> economy of abundance.\
WIKI The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John
Kenneth Galbraith. The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post-World War II United
States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social
and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities. The book sparked much public
discussion at the time, and it is widely remembered for Galbraith's popularizing of the term
"conventional wisdom."

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1964 Passed by LBJ, This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination
by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights,
including desegregation of schools and public places. ,,
SIG: is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.

Relationship: JFK. HE knew it was right, equality. On the other hand, Kennedy worried
about losing the support of white Southern Democrats, still the main political force in
that region. He was especially concerned about his re-election prospects in 1964.
Facing strong Southern opposition, a reluctant president finally proposed strong civil
rights legislation to Congress, admitting privately to civil rights leaders that street
protests had forced his hand.Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, changed
the political dynamics of the impending civil rights legislation. Vice President Lyndon B.
Johnson succeeded Kennedy and almost immediately intensified the campaign for a
major civil rights bill. Although a Southern politician, he had developed compassion for
the courageous struggles of African Americans during the civil rights movement. His
personal commitment to ensuring full equality for minority citizens, in fact, surpassed
Kennedy’s.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 DEF: 1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote
and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks;

SIG as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it rboguth jobs,
contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality
and decreasing the wealth and education gap

WHO: It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil
Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand
its protections.[7] Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act secured voting rights for racial
minorities throughout the country, especially in the South. According to the U.S. Department of
Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever enacted
in the country

Election of 1968 DEF” The United States presidential election of 1968 was the 46th
quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968. The Republican
nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon, won the election over the Democratic
nominee, incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey.

The presidential election of 1968 was one of the most chaotic in American history, reflecting
a time that was in many ways equally chaotic.
At the beginning of the election season, President Lyndon Johnson was the front-runner for
the Democratic nomination, and as a sitting president, he should have won his party's
nomination without any trouble. But growing opposition to the war in Vietnam, unrest on
college campuses, and urban rioting, made him vulnerable. In November 1967, Senator
Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination,
and that ending the Vietnam War was his central issue. On November 5, 1968, the Republican
nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon won the election over the Democratic nominee, Vice
President Hubert Humphrey. The election also featured a strong third party effort by former Alabama
Governor George Wallace. Because Wallace's campaign promoted segregation, he proved to be a
formidable candidate in the South; no third-party candidate has won an entire state's electoral votes
since.

The Great Society; DEF: President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the
Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil
rights legislation, and federal aid to education. It meant to solve large social problems like hunger
and poverty.

SIG: He challenged Americans to build a "Great Society" that eliminated the troubles of the poor.
Johnson won a decisive victory over his archconservative Republican opponent Barry Goldwater of
Arizona. And All these great things happened:

American liberalism was at high tide under President Johnson.

 The Wilderness Protection Act saved 9.1 million acres of forestland from industrial
development.
 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided major funding for American public
schools.
 The Voting Rights Act banned literacy tests and other discriminatory methods of denying
suffrage to African Americans.
 Medicare was created to offset the costs of health care for the nation's elderly.
 The National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities used public money to fund artists and
galleries.
 The Immigration Act ended discriminatory quotas based on ethnic origin.
 An Omnibus Housing Act provided funds to construct low-income housing.
 Congress tightened pollution controls with stronger Air and Water Quality Acts.
 Standards were raised for safety in consumer products.
SCLC Def: Southern Christian Leadership Conference, founded by MLK, which taught that civil
rights could be achieved through nonviolent protests. From its inception in 1957, its president was Martin
Luther King – a post he held until his murder in 1968.

SIG;
significance: blacks were taking the civil rights movement into their own hands, mostly with
nonviolent protest

Stonewall Riots: DEF: New York city @ a bar called Stonewall Inn - Triggered activist protests
among gays and lesbians - police raided gay bar - people fought back - became symbol of oppression
of gays, began the gay pride movement

?? Best I found for SIGNIF: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent
demonstrations against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969,
at the Stonewall Inn, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. They are
frequently cited as the first instance in American history when people in the homosexual
community fought back against a government-sponsored system that persecuted sexual
minorities, and they have become the defining event that marked the start of the gay rights
movement in the United States and around the world.

Betty Friedan: DEF: Feminist author of "The Feminie Mystique" in 1960. Her book sparked a new
consciousness among suburban women and helped launch the second-wave feminist movement. SIG
bestseller was an inspiration for many women to join the women's rights movement later co-founded
NOW (National Organization for Women)

New Federalism 1969 1969) turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs
to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs (states
are closer to the people and problems); attempts by Presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to
the states through block grants. SIG: hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state
governments

Reaganomics DEF: A popular term used to refer to the economic policies of Ronald Reagan
(Republican), the 40th U.S. President (1981–1989), which called for widespread tax cuts,
decreased social spending, increased military spending, and the deregulation of domestic
markets. SIG: The national debt tripled from one to three trillion dollars during the REAGAN YEARS.
The President and conservatives in Congress cried for a balanced budget amendment, but neither
branch had the discipline to propose or enact a balanced budget. The growth that Americans enjoyed
during the 1980s came at a huge price for the generations to follow.
Roe V. Wade (Roe Versus Wade) 1973 the landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion.
The case was decided on January 22, 1973, and was based around an unmarried pregnant woman
named Roe, a resident of Texas. She wanted to have an abortion, but state law forbid the procedure. Roe
filed a suit against the state of Texas, stating that the abortion law violated her privacy and womens'
rights.

The court had a 7-2 decision in favor of Roe, with Burger, Douglas, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Powell,
and Blackmun concurring. White and Rehnquist dissented. The reasoning behind the ruling was largely
vested in the Fourteenth Amendment, specifically the Due Process Clause. The ruling stated that during
the first trimester, an abortion was a matter that was only concerned with a woman and her doctor.
However, the court made a provision saying that after the first trimester, abortions could be regulated by
the state.

SIG: Roe v. Wade effected many citizens and made 46 states change their laws. Roe v. Wade is still
referenced and relevant today, and is considered one of the most important cases that the Supreme
Court has decided.

Miranda v. Arizona Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), was a landmark decision of the
United States Supreme Court. Suspects must be informed of their rights to legal counsel and
silence upon their arrest, and if they decide to remain silent or do not waive their rights, the
interrogation must cease. No confession can be admissable under the 5th or 6th Am SIG: Miranda v.
Arizona, in creating the "Miranda Rights" we take for granted today, reconciled the increasing police
powers of the state with the basic rights of individuals. Miranda remains good law today.

Equal Rights Amendment Definition: Amendment declared full constitutional equality for women.
Although it passed both houses of Congress in 1972, a concerted grassroots campaign by anti-
feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly persuaded enough state legislatures to vote against ratification. The
amendment failed to become part of the Constitution.

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a proposed amendment to the United
States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. The ERA was
originally written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman. In 1923, it was introduced in the
Congress for the first time.

(SIG: However, many states have adopted similar amendments to their state constitutions

American Indian Movement DEF;ANOTHER HARD ONE: (AIM) A Native American organization
founded in 1968 to protest government policies and injustices suffered by Native Americans; in
1973, organized the armed occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota. B y occupying Wounded
Knee for two months, AIM made a statement against these living conditions and the 371 treaties
that the United States government had broken. A standoff ensued. As AIM brought in supplies,
the FBI circled Wounded Knee and killed one Native American and wounded another. After the
incident, the federal government promised to re-examine the treaty rights, but took no
subsequent action.
Following the Pine Knee incident, AIM declined rapidly in both leadership and momentum AIM held its
last national unified event in 1978 and the following year dismantled as a national organization, in favor
of independent regional chapters.

Silent Majority: Nixon Administration's term to describe generally content, law-abiding middle-class
Americans who supported both the Vietnam War and America's institutions. “The term was
popularized by United States President Richard Nixon in a November 3, 1969, speech in which
he said, "And so tonight—to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans—I ask for
your support." As a political tool, the concept attempted to make a subtle distinction between
believers in "traditional" values and the vocal minority of civil rights agitators, student protesters,
counter-culturalists, and other seeming disruptors of the social fabric. Second def: A label Nixon
gave to middle-class Americans who supported him, obeyed the laws, and wanted "peace with
honor" in Vietnam; he contrasted this group with students and civil rights activists who disrupted the
country with protests in the late 1960s and early 1970s.