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CONTINUITY AND
DIFFERENTIABILITY

Revision Assignment
Class 12 Chapter 5
QUESTION1:
Check the continuity of the function f given by f (x) = 7x + 5at x = 1.
Solution
The function is defined at the given point x = 1 and its value is 12.
Let find the limit of the function at x = 1.
lim f ( x) = lim ( 7x + 5 ) =7.1 + 5 =12
x →1 x →1

∴ lim f ( x) = f (1)
x →1
Hence, f is continuous at x = 1.
QUESTION2:
For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 1

 x2 − 1
 , x ≠1
f ( x) =  x − 1
 4k ,
 x =1
Solution
 x2 −1
 , x ≠1
.f ( x ) =  x − 1
 4k ,
 x =1
x2 − 1 ( x − 1)( x + 1)
lim f ( x) = lim = lim = lim( x + 1) = 2
x →1 x →1 x − 1 x →1 x −1 x →1

f (1) = 4k
f(x) is continous at x = 1 ⇒
lim f ( x) = f (1)
x →1

⇒ 2 = 4k
1
⇒k =
2
QUESTION3:Show that a cosine function is a continuous function
Solution
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f ( x) = cos x
lim cos x = lim cos(a + h)
x→a h→0

= lim ( cos a cosh − sin a sinh )

h →0

= lim cos a cosh − lim sin a sinh

h →0 h→0

= cos a lim cosh − sin a lim sinh

h →0 h →0

= cos a × 1 − sin a × 0
= cos a .
f (a ) = cos a
lim f ( x) = f (a )
x→a

QUESTION 4: Find two points at which the given function y = x-2 + x-5 is
continous but not differentiable.
Solution

 x,x ≥ 0
A modulus function y = x =  is continous but not differentiable at x = 0
 -x,x<0
 x-2, x ≥ 2
⇒ x-2 =  is continous but not differentiable at x = 2
- ( x-2 ) , x<2
 x-5, x ≥ 5
and x-5 =  is continous but not differentiable at x = 5
- ( x-5 ) , x<5
Consider a cobination of two such functions
y = x-2 + x-5
This function will be continous but not differentiable at x = 2 and at x = 5

QUESTION 5:
d n
Use Mathematical Induction to prove that.
dx
( x ) = nx n−1 , where n is a natural number
Solution
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d n
LetP (n) :
dx
( x ) = nx n −1

d 1
∴ P (1) :
dx
( x ) = 1.x1−1 = 1.1 = 1

P (1) is true.
Let us assume P(k)
d
P (k ) : ( x k ) = kx k −1
dx
Using P(k) , we shall prove P(k+1)
d k +1
P (k + 1) : ( x ) = (k + 1) x( k +1) −1 = n.x k
dx
d d
LHS = ( x k +1 ) = ( x.x k )
dx dx
d dx
= x ( xk ) + ( xk )
dx dx
= x. ( kx k −1 ) + ( x k ) .1
= ( kx k ) + ( x k )
= x k (k + 1) = RHS

QUESTION 6: Differentiate(9 x 2 − 9 x + 5)8

Solution

d (9 x 2 − 9 x + 5)8
dx
d (9 x 2 − 9 x + 5)
= 8(9 x 2 − 9 x + 5)7
dx
2 7
8(9 x − 9 x + 5) (18 x − 9)
= 8.2(9 x 2 − 9 x + 5)7 (2 x − 1)
= 16(9 x 2 − 9 x + 5)7 (2 x − 1)

QUESTION 7: Differentiate(sin 9 x + cos6 x)

Solution
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d (sin 9 x + cos 6 x)
dx
d sin x d cos 6 x
9
= +
dx dx
d sin x d cos x
= 9sin 8 x + 6 cos5 x
dx dx
8 5
= 9sin x(cos x) + 6 cos x(− sin x)
= 9sin 8 x cos x − 6 cos5 x sin x
= 3sin x cos x(3sin 7 x − 2 cos 4 x)

d
QUESTION 8: Find [ cos(−2 cos x + 3sin x)]
dx

Solution
d
[ cos(−2 cos x + 3sin x)]
dx
d
= − sin(−2 cos x + 3sin x) (−2 cos x + 3sin x)
dx
= − sin(−2 cos x + 3sin x)(2sin x + 3cos x)

QUESTION 9:
Using the fact that sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B and the differentiation,
obtain the difference formula for cosines.

Solution
We shall take A to be a constant and differentiate w.r.t x
sin(A-B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B
d d
⇒ [sin(A-B)] = [sin A cos B - cos A sin B]
dx dx
d  d d 
⇒ cos( A − B ) ( -B ) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B 
dx  dx dx 
d  d d 
⇒ − cos( A − B ) B = sin A (-sinB) B - cos A cosB B
dx  dx dx 
d d
⇒ − cos( A − B ) B = [ -cos A cosB - sin A sinB ] B
dx dx
⇒ − cos( A − B ) = - [ cos A cosB + sin A sinB ]
⇒ cos( A − B ) = [ cos A cosB + sin A sinB ]
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QUESTION 10: Differentiate(7 x)3cos 2 x

Solution

.Lety = (7 x)3cos 2 x
⇒ log y = 3cos 2 x log(7 x)
d log y d [3cos 2 x log(7 x) ]
⇒ =
dx dx
1 dy  7 cos 2 x 
⇒ = 3 + log(7 x).2(− sin 2 x) 
y dx  7x 
1 dy  3cos 2 x 
⇒ = − 6 log(7 x) sin 2 x 
y dx  x 
dy  3cos 2 x 
⇒ = y − 6 log(7 x) sin 2 x 
dx  x 
dy
⇒ = (5 x)3cos 2 x [3cos 2 x − 6 log(7 x) sin 2x ]
dx

QUESTION 11: Differentiate sin −1 x 6 x  ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

Solution
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d sin −1 x 6 x 
dx
1 d 6
=
2
×
dx
x x ( )
1− x x 6
( )
1 d 6
=
1− x 3
×
dx
(
x x )
1  d  76  
= ×   x 
 dx   
7
3
1− x
1  7 7 −1 
= ×  x6 
6
7

1− x3
1 7 1 
= ×  x6 
6 
7
1− x3
1
6
7 x
=
6 7
1− x3

2x
cos −1
QUESTION 12: Differentiate 3
4x + 7

Solution
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 −1 2 x 
cos
d  3 
 
dx  4 x + 7 
 
1  d  −1 2 x  −1 x d 4 x + 7

=  4 x + 7  cos  − cos 
4x + 7  dx  3  3 dx 
 
 
1 
( 4 x + 7 ) 
2 −1 −1 x 1 d
= 4 x + 7. − cos .
4x + 7  3  2x 
2 3 2 4x + 7 dx
 1−   
  3  
 
 
1  2 −1 −1 x 1 
=  4 x + 7. − cos . .4 
4x + 7 3  2x 
2 3 2 4x + 7
 1−   
  3  

1  2 −3 x 1 
=  4 x + 7. − 2.cos −1 . 
4x + 7  3 9 − 4x2 3 4x + 7 
1  −2 x 1 
=  4 x + 7. − 2.cos −1 . 
4x + 7  9 − 4 x2 3 4x + 7 

dy
QUESTION 13: Find if y = sin −1 x − sin −1 1 − x 2 when0 < x < 1
dx

Solution
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dy 1 1 d
dx
=
1− x 2
−
1 − (1 − x ) dx
2
( 1 − x2 )
dy 1 1 1
⇒ = − (−2 x)
dx 1 − x2 x2 2 1 − x2
Now x 2 = -x or +x
 1 1 1.
 + ( x); when0 < x < 1
dy  1 − x 2 x 1 − x2
⇒ =
dx  1 1 1
− ( x); when − 1 < x < 0
 1 − x 2 x 1 − x2
 0; when − 1 < x < 0
dy 
⇒ = 2
dx  ; when0 < x < 1
2
 1− x
dy 2
∴ when0 < x < 1, =
dx 1 − x2

dy log 5 x
QUESTION 14: Find , if y = ( log5x ) , x >1
dx

Solution
log5 x
y = ( log5x ) , x >1
log y = log ( log5x )  log 5 x
 
⇒ log y = log 5 x log(log 5 x)
1  dy  d
= {log 5 x log ( log5x )}
y  dx  dx
1  dy  1 1 1
  = ( log5x ) . .5 + log(log 5 x) .5
y  dx  log 5 x 5 x 5x
1  dy  1
= {1 + log(log 5 x)}
y  dx  x
dy y
⇒ = {1 + log(log 5 x)}
dx x
log5 x
dy ( log5x )
⇒ = {1 + log(log 5 x)}
dx x

QUESTION 15: Find the derivative of y = (sin x + cos x)sin x+ cos x ; 0 < x < 2π
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Solution

Let y = (sin x + cos x)sin x + cos x

⇒ log y = log (sin x + cos x)sin x + cos x 
⇒ log y = (sin x + cos x) log(sin x + cos x)
1 dy d  d
⇒ = (sin x + cos x)  log(sin x + cos x)  + log(sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
y dx  dx  dx
1 dy  1 d  d
⇒ = (sin x + cos x)  (sin x + cos x)  + log(sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
y dx  (sin x + cos x) dx  dx
1 dy  1 
⇒ = (sin x + cos x)  (cos x − sin x)  + log(sin x + cos x) [ (cos x − sin x) ]
y dx  (sin x + cos x) 
1 dy
⇒ = (cos x − sin x) + (cos x − sin x) log(sin x + cos x)
y dx
1 dy
⇒ = (cos x − sin x) [1 + log(sin x + cos x)]
y dx
dy
⇒ = y (cos x − sin x) [1 + log(sin x + cos x)]
dx
dy
⇒ = (sin x + cos x)sin x + cos x (cos x − sin x) [1 + log(sin x + cos x)]
dx

QUESTION 16:
d x
Find .
dx
{ x + x 4 + 4x + 44 } at x = 3
Solution
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d x d x d 4 d x d 4
dx
{ x + x 4 + 4 x + 44 } =
dx
x + x + 4 + 4
dx dx dx
d x
x:
dx
Let u = x x
⇒ log u = x log x
1 du d d
⇒ = x log x + log x x
u dx dx dx
1 du 1
⇒ = x + log x.1
u dx x
1 du
⇒ = 1 + log x
u dx
du
⇒ = x x [1 + log x ]
dx
d 4
x = 4 x3
dx
d x
4 = 4 x log 4
dx
d 4
4 =0
dx
d d d d
∴ x x + x 4 + 4 x + 4 4 = x x [1 + log x ] + 4 x3 + 4 x log 4
dx dx dx dx
dy 
 = 33 [1 + log 3] + 4.33 + 43 log 4
dx  x =3
dy 
⇒  = 9 [1 + log 3] + 108 + 64 log 4
dx  x =3
dy 
⇒ = 9 [1 + log 3] + 4[27 + 16 log 4]
dx  x =3

QUESTION 17:
d  x2 −3
+ ( x − 3) x  for x = 5
2
Find . x
dx  

Solution
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d  x 2 −3 d x2 −3 d d d
+ ( x − 3) x  =
2 2
x x + ( x − 3) x = u + v( say )
dx   dx dx dx dx
2 2
−3
where, x x = u;;( x − 3) x = v
d x2 −3
x :
dx
2
−3
u = xx
log u = ( x 2 − 3) log x
1 du d d
⇒ = ( x 2 − 3) log x + log x ( x 2 − 3 )
u dx dx dx
1 du 1
⇒ = ( x 2 − 3) + log x(2 x)
u dx x
du 2  1 
⇒ = x x −3 ( x 2 − 3 ) + (2 x) log x 
dx  x 
2
Let v = ( x − 3) x
⇒ log v = x 2 log( x − 3)
1 dv d d
⇒ = x 2 log( x − 3) + log( x − 3) x 2
v dx dx dx
1 dv 1
⇒ = x2 + log( x − 3)(2 x)
v dx x −3
2  x 
2
dv
⇒ = ( x − 3) x  + (2 x) log( x − 3) 
dx x−3 
2  x 
2
d  x 2 −3  1 
+ ( x − 3) x  = x x −3 ( x 2 − 3 ) + (2 x) log x  + ( x − 3) x 
2 2
∴ x + (2 x) log( x − 3) 
dx    x  x−3 
At x=5:
2  5 
2
d  x 2 −3  1 
+ ( x − 3) x  = 55 −3 ( 52 − 3) + (2.5) log 5 + (5 − 3)5 
2 2
x + (2.5) log(5 − 3) 
dx    5  5 − 3 
 1   25 
= 525−3 ( 25 − 3) + (2.5) log 5 + (5 − 3) 25  + (2.5) log(5 − 3) 
 5  5 − 3 
 22   25 
= 522  + 10.log 5 + 225  + 10.log(2) 
5  2 

QUESTION 18:
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dy
Find , if cos y = x cos(20 + y )
dx

Solution
cos y = x cos(20 + y )
cos y
⇒x=
cos(20 + y )
d d
cos(20 + y ) cos y − cos y cos ( 20 + y )
dx dy dy
⇒ = 2
dy cos ( 20 + y )
dx cos(20 + y )(− sin y ) − cos y (− sin ( 20 + y ))
⇒ =
dy cos 2 ( 20 + y )
dx cos y sin ( 20 + y ) − cos(20 + y )(sin y )
⇒ =
dy cos 2 ( 20 + y )
dx sin ( 20 + y − y )
⇒ =
dy cos 2 ( 20 + y )
dx sin ( 20 )
⇒ =
dy cos 2 ( 20 + y )
dy 1 1 cos 2 ( 20 + y )
⇒ = = =
dx dx sin ( 20 ) sin 20
2
dy cos ( 20 + y )

QUESTION 19:
dy π π
Find if y = 10(1 − cos t ); x = 15(t − sin t ); − < t <
dx 2 2

Solution
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3
  dy  2  2
1 +   
  dx  
( x − 30 ) + ( y − 5) = 2 ; Find 
2 2 2

d2y
dx 2
π π
y = 10(1 − cos t ); x = 15(t − sin t ); − <t <
2 2
dy dx
∴ = 10(0 + sin t ); = 15(1 − cos t )
dt dt
dy t t
10(2sin cos )
dy dt
= =
10(sin t )
= 2 2 = 2 cot  t 
 
dx dx 15(1 − cos t ) 15(2sin 2 )
t 3 2
dt 2
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2
( x − 30 ) + ( y − 5) 2 = 22
d 2 d d
⇒ ( x − 30 ) + ( y − 5)2 = 22
dx dx dx
dy
⇒ 2 ( x − 30 ) + 2( y − 5) =0
dx
−2 ( x − 30 ) dy
⇒ =
2( y − 5) dx
dy − ( x − 30 )
⇒ =
dx ( y − 5)
d d
d2y ( x − 30 ) − ( x − 30 ) ( y − 5)
( y − 5)
⇒ 2 =− dx dx
dx ( y − 5) 2
dy
( y − 5).1 − ( x − 30 )
d2y dx
⇒ 2 =−
dx ( y − 5) 2
 − ( x − 30 ) 
( y − 5) − ( x − 30 )  
d2y  ( y − 5) 
⇒ 2 =−
dx ( y − 5) 2
2
d2y ( y − 5) 2 + ( x − 30 )
⇒ 2 =−
dx ( y − 5) 2
2
But ( x − 30 ) + ( y − 5) 2 = 22
d2y 22
⇒ = −
dx 2 ( y − 5) 2
3 3

  dy  2
 2   ( x − 30) 2  2
1 +    1 +   
  dx     y − 5)  
Now,  =
d2y 22
−
dx 2 ( y − 5)3
3 3

=
{( y − 5)2 + ( x − 30)2 } 2 =
( 22 ) 2 = −2
3
−2 2 −2 2
{( y − 5) } 2 2

( y − 5)3

QUESTION 20:
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d2y
Find ; x = 20(cos t + t sin t ) and y = 20 (sint - t cost)
dx 2

Solution
dx
⇒ = 20(− sin t + t cos t + sin t ) = 20(t cos t )
dt
dy
and = 20 (cost - t ( -sint ) - cos t)=20 ( t sint )
dt
dy
dy dt 20 ( t sint ) sin t
⇒ = = = = tan t
dx dx 20(t cos t ) cos t
dt
2
d y d  dy  d dt sec 2t sec3t
=   = (tan t ) = =
dx 2 dx  dx  dx dx 20t cos t 20t

QUESTION 21:
3
Find f '' ( x) for f(x) = 7 x such that x ∈ R and x < 0

Solution

 x, x ≥ 0
We know, x = 
 − x, x < 0
 7 x3 , x ≥ 0
⇒ f ( x) = 7 x 3 =  3
 −7 x , x < 0
 21x 2 , x ≥ 0
⇒ f / ( x) =  2
−21x , x < 0
 42 x, x ≥ 0
⇒ f // ( x) = 
−42 x, x < 0
3
∴ f '' ( x) for f(x) = 7 x and x < 0is − 42 x