Ions

• Atoms that lose electrons (negative) have more

positive charge than negative charge so they are
positive ions.

• Atoms that gain electrons (negative) have more

negative charge than positive charge so they are
negative ions.

• When there are only nonmetal atoms present, they

all need additional electrons, so they share electrons
amongst themselves.
 Ionic Compounds
• Positive and negative ions will bond to each other
because of their electrostatic attraction.

• This attraction is called an ionic bond.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTx_DWboEVs&feature=related

• Metals and nonmetals always bond together using

ionic bonds.
Periodic Table of the Elements
Metals Non-Metals
 Naming Ionic Compounds
• Two word name
– First word- name of first element in formula
– Second word- name of second element with
ending changed to “ide”

Ex: NaCl sodium chlorine

chloride

KF potassium fluorine
fluoride

Li2O lithium oxygen

oxide
Practice:
Write the name of the following ionic compounds

1. MgS 1. magnesium sulfide

2. CaF2 2. calcium fluoride

3. AlBr3 3. aluminum bromide

4. ZnI2 4. zinc iodide

5. Mg3N2 5. magnesium nitride

 Homework Answers

1. Calcium chloride 6. Zinc oxide

2. Magnesium oxide 7. Silver sulfide

3. Sodium bromide 8. Calcium fluoride

4. Aluminum oxide 9. Calcium hydride

5. Calcium oxide
 Recap

Metal & Non-metal

Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
Write formula for sodium chloride.
Note: Amount of
• Start with a picture of the ions: charge tells how
many hooks
Na+ Cl-

Formula:
Na+ Cl-
NaCl

Another example: sodium oxide Na+ and O2-

Na+ O-2
Formula:
Na2O
Na+
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds,
cont’d
A third example: aluminum sulfide
Al3+ and S2-

Al3+ S-2
Formula:
Al2S3
S-2
Al3+
S-2
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
• We can also use a shortcut method for finding the
formulas for ionic compounds:
– Identify the ions and their charges.
– Rewrite elements. Cross over the charges and rewrite
them as subscripts.
– Put both parts together and write the subscripts in the
simplest form.
Example: calcium chloride
Ca2+ Cl-
Ca Cl 2

CaCl2 ANSWER
 Practice Problems
Determine the formulas of the following ionic
compounds:
1. Lithium fluoride 1. LiF
2. Magnesium bromide 2. MgBr2
3. Calcium selenide 3. CaSe
4. Beryllium iodide 4. BeI2
5. Sc2S3
5. Scandium sulphide
6. SrO
6. Strontium oxide 7. K3P
7. Potassium phosphide 8. Al2O3
8. Aluminum oxide
 Homework Answers
10. KI
11. AlCl3
12. Li3N
13. BaCl2
14. NaCl
15. AgBr
16. MgH2
 Question
What’s the difference between a charge
and a subscript?

• A charge tells us how many electrons an element has

gained or lost to become an ion.

• A subscript is used in the written formula of a

compound to tell us how many molecules of a
certain element are used in that compound.
Ionic Compounds with polyatomic ions
• Polyatomic:
– Ion composed of more than one element
Note:
The charge on a
• Examples: polyatomic ion is on all
OH- hydroxide the listed elements
together as a whole.
ClO3- chlorate When O and H are
SO42- sulfate/sulphate together they have a
charge of -1.

*More polyatomic ions are listed on the ion side of

your periodic table.
Naming Ionic Compounds with polyatomic ions

• Two word name

– First word- name of first element in formula
– Second word- name of polyatomic ion

Ex: NaOH sodium hydroxide

Mg(CN)2 magnesium cyanide
Li2CO3 lithium carbonate
Another one:
NH4Cl ammonium chloride
Practice:
Write the name of the following ionic compounds.

1. Mg(OH)2 1. Magnesium hydroxide

2. CaC2O4 = CaOOCCOO 2. Calcium oxalate

3. NH4Br 3. Ammonium bromide

4. Zn(BrO3)2 4. Zinc bromate

5. Mg3(BO3)2 5. Magnesium borate

Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions)

An example: sodium hydroxide

Na+ and OH-

Formula:
Na+ OH- NaOH
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions), cont’d

Another example: barium sulfite

Ba2+ and SO32-

Formula:
SO3 -2
Ba2+ BaSO3
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions), cont’d
Another example: aluminum sulfate
Al3+ and SO42-

Al3+ SO4 -2
Formula:
Al2(SO4)3
SO4 -2
Al3+
SO4 -2
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions), cont’d
Another example: calcium nitrate
Ca+2 and NO3-

Ca+2 NO3-
Formula:
Ca(NO3)2
NO3-
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions): criss-cross

An example: sodium hydroxide

Na+ and OH-

Na OH

Formula:
NaOH
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions), cont’d

Another example: barium sulfite

Ba2+ and SO32-

Ba SO3 2
2

BaSO3
Formula:
BaSO3
Writing Formulas for ionic compounds
(with polyatomic ions), cont’d

Another example: aluminum sulfate

Al3+ and SO42-
Al SO4 3
2

Formula:
Al2(SO4)3
 Practice Problems
1. Calcium cyanide 1. Ca(CN)2
2. Beryllium hydroxide 2. Be(OH)2
3. Lithium carbonate 3. Li2CO3
4. Ammonium chromate 4. (NH4)2CrO4
 Multivalent Ionic Compounds
• Some ions can have more than one possible charge.

• This is indicated on the periodic table of the ions by

dividing the box in half.
Note:
Titanium (IV) Roman numerals are
• Ex: used to indicate the
Titanium (III) charge of the ion.

• Roman numerals (1-5): I, II, III, IV, V

Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
Example: Ti2O3

titanium (III) oxide

Two word name

•First word- name of first element in formula with
charge indicated by roman numeral
•Second word- name of second element with “ide”
ending
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
Example: CoF2

cobalt (II) fluoride

Two word name

•First word- name of first element in formula with
charge indicated by roman numeral
•Second word- name of second element with “ide”
ending
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
Example: Mn(OH)4

manganese (IV) hydroxide

Two word name

•First word- name of first element in formula with
charge indicated by roman numeral
•Second word- name of second
element/polyatomic compound with “ide” ending
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
Example: CrS

chromium (II) sulfide

Two word name

•First word- name of first element in formula with
charge indicated by roman numeral
•Second word- name of second
element/polyatomic compound with “ide” ending
 Practice
Name the following multivalent ionic compounds:

1. NiCl3 1. nickel (III) chloride

2. CuBr 2. copper (I) bromide
3. Fe(CN)3 3. iron (III) cyanide
4. CoP 4. cobalt (III) phosphide
5. VF5 5. vanadium (V) fluoride
6. VS2
6. Vanadium (IV) sulfide
Writing Formulas for multivalent ionic
compounds
Example: copper (II) nitride
Cu2+ and N3-

Cu N
3 2

Cu3N2
Formula:
Cu3N2
Writing Formulas for multivalent ionic
compounds
Example #2: iron (III) hydroxide
Fe3+ and OH-

Fe OH
1 3

Fe(OH)3
Formula:
Fe(OH)3
 Practice Problems
Name the following multivalent ionic compounds:

1. CuF 8. Mn3P2
2. Cr3N2 9. PdO
3. Ti2O3 10. Cr2S3
4. Ru2S 11. TiHS4
5. NiCl3 12. FePO4
6. V3N5 13. Cu(NO2)2
7. CuBr2 14. Pd(OH)3
 Practice Problems
Write the formula for each multivalent ionic compounds:

1. iron (III) sulfide

2. Chromium (II) oxide

3. Copper (II) phosphide

4. Nickel (III) bromide

5. Lead (IV) sulfate

6. Vanadium (V) cyanide