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Guide
WCDMA RAN
HSUPA Introduction Feature Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 Overview ............................................................................................................ 5
3 Feature Introduction.......................................................................................... 6
3.1 Architecture of HSUPA ........................................................................................ 6
3.2 Basic Principle of HSUPA .................................................................................... 7
3.2.1 Physical Channels Introduced to HSUPA ............................................................. 7
3.2.2 Basic Principles of HSUPA ................................................................................ 11
3.3 Basic Functions of HSUPA ................................................................................ 15
3.3.1 ZWF25-01-005 HSUPA Common Carrier with R99 ............................................ 15
3.3.2 ZWF25-01-005 HSUPA Dedicated Carrier ......................................................... 15
3.3.3 ZWF25-01-003 HSUPA Cell Indicator in Idle Mode ............................................ 16
3.3.4 ZWF25-01-004 HSUPA UE Category Support ................................................... 16
3.3.5 ZWF25-01-024 HSUPA 2ms TTI........................................................................ 17
3.3.6 ZWF25-01-014 HSUPA HARQ .......................................................................... 17
3.3.7 ZWF25-01-021 HSUPA 1.45Mbps Peak Bit Rate .............................................. 18
3.3.8 ZWF25-01-022 HSUPA 16 Users per Cell ......................................................... 18
3.3.9 ZWF25-01-023 HSUPA 2 Mbps Peak Bit Rate .................................................. 18
3.3.10 ZWF25-01-024 HSUPA 5.76 Mbps Peak Bit Rate.............................................. 18
3.3.11 ZWF25-01-025 HSUPA 32 Users per Cell ......................................................... 19
3.3.12 ZWF25-01-026 HSUPA 64 Users per Cell ......................................................... 19
3.3.13 ZWF25-01-027 HSUPA 96 Users per Cell ......................................................... 19
3.3.14 ZWF25-02-001 PS Interactive/Background Service over HSUPA ...................... 19
3.3.15 ZWF25-02-002 PS Streaming Service over HSUPA .......................................... 20
3.3.16 ZWF25-02-003 RAB Combination for CS over DCH and PS over HSUPA ......... 20
3.3.17 ZWF25-02-004 RAB Combination for Multiple Packet Data Services over
HSUPA .............................................................................................................. 21
3.3.18 ZWF25-02-011 SRB over HSUPA ..................................................................... 21
3.3.19 ZWF25-05-002 HSUPA Nominal Bit Rate for I/B Service ................................... 21
3.3.20 ZWF25-01-030 HSUPA 192 Users per Cell ....................................................... 21
3.4 Key Algorithms in the RNC ................................................................................ 22
3.4.1 HSUPA Mobility Management ............................................................................ 22
3.4.2 ZWF25-04-005 HSUPA Dynamic Channel Adjustment ...................................... 26
3.4.3 ZWF25-04-007 Code Allocation for HSUPA ....................................................... 26
3.4.4 ZWF25-04-006 Power Allocation for HSUPA ..................................................... 26
6 Glossary ........................................................................................................... 70
FIGURES
TABLES
1 Feature Attributes
System version: [RNCV3.12.10/RNCV4.12.10, Node B V4.12.10, OMMR V12.12.41,
OMMB V12.12.40]
Attribute: [Mandatory]
NE involved:
UE Node B RNC MSCS MGW SGSN GGSN HLR
√ √ √ - - √ - -
Note:
*-: Not involved.
*√: Involved.
Dependency: [None]
Note: None
2 Overview
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is an enhanced uplink technology
introduced by 3GPP R6 in the radio network, aiming at the further improvement of the
uplink packet access capability. HSUPA works at the frequency of 5 MHz and does not
alter the WCDMA network architecture and the access mode of the original R99/R4. By
introducing the MAC-e/es entity and physical channel to the protocol stack of the UTRAN
and adopting key technologies, such as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ),
Node B based fast scheduling and short frame transmission (2ms TTI), HSUPA
effectively improves the peak bit rate of the uplink channel from 384 Kbps of R99/R4 to
5.76 Mbps. HSUPA and HSDPA jointly comprise the uplink and downlink enhanced data
transmission technologies, greatly improving the system capacity and frequency
utilization rate.
The HSUPA technology has enhanced the UTRAN function of R99/R4 and is completely
compatible with the R99/R4 version. The original voice and data services can operate in
3 Feature Introduction
MAC-d MAC-d
MAC-es
MAC-es /
MAC-e
MAC-e MAC-e EDCH FP EDCH FP
Uu
UE NodeB Iub DRNC Iur SRNC
From the architecture of Figure 3-1, it is obvious that HSUPA differs from R99/R4 in
which MAC-e and MAC-es have been introduced to the Node B and SRNC respectively.
The MAC-e entity of the Node B is mainly responsible for HARQ retransmission,
scheduling, and demultiplexing of MAC-e; the MAC-es entity of the SRNC is mainly
responsible for re-ordering and the macro diversity combination.
To realize the functions and attributes of HSUPA, 3GPP R6 introduces five new physical
channels to the physical layer: In the uplink direction, it adds a dedicated data channel
E-DPDCH (up to 4 E-DPDCHs for each UE) and a dedicated control channel E-DPCCH
for the UEs especially. In the downlink direction, it adds the common physical channels
E-HICH, E-AGCH, and E-RGCH.
The E-DPDCH is an uplink physical channel for carrying the E-DCH data especially.
The E-DPCCH is an uplink control channel for carrying the E-DCH control
information especially.
The E-AGCH is a downlink common physical channel for carrying the E-DCH
absolute grant data.
The E-RGCH is a downlink physical channel for carrying the E-DCH relative grant
data especially.
The E-HICH is a downlink physical channel for carrying the E-DCH HARQ
acknowledgement indications.
The E-DPDCH is used to carry uplink data and its spreading factor ranges from 2 to 256.
The spread factor is in reverse proportion to the carried traffic volume. The modulation
mode of E-DPDCH is BPSK. Similar to HSDPA, the channel also introduces 2ms TTI
while reserving 10ms TTI. Figure 3-2 shows the frame structure of the E-DPDCH.
Figure 3-3 shows the frame structure the E-DPCCH. The E-DPCCH is used to carry the
control information of the E-DCH.
The E-DPCCH adopts the spreading factor of 256 invariably. The modulation mode is
BPSK. Similar to the E-DPDCH, the E-DPCCH supports 2ms TTI and reserves 10ms
TTI.
The E-AGCH is a downlink common physical channel for carrying E-DCH absolute grant
information. The channel only exists in the serving cells of an E-DCH. Figure 3-4 shows
the frame structure of the E-AGCH.
The E-AGCH adopts a spreading factor of 256 invariably and the modulation mode of
QPSK. The absolute grant information consists of a grant value (5 bits) and process
activation indicator (1 bit). The process activation indication bit is used to indicate
whether the absolute grant targets at a specific HARQ process or all HARQ processes.
The E-RGCH is a downlink physical channel for carrying E-DCH relative grant
information. Figure 3-5 shows the frame structure of the E-RGCH.
The E-RGCH adopts a spreading factor of 128 invariably and the modulation of QPSK. A
relative grant is transmitted using 3, 12, or 15 consecutive slots and in each slot a
sequence of 40 ternary values is transmitted. The channels are divided into two types:
E-RGCH in the serving cell and E-RGCH in the non-serving cell. The E-RGCH in the
serving cell can carry instructions (UP, HOLD, and DOWN) of increasing, keeping, and
decreasing the power of a UE. The E-RGCH in the non-serving cell is used to carry cell
payload indication information and instructions of keeping and decreasing the power of a
UE. The UE can receive relative grant information from serving cells and non-serving
cells and combine the received grant information.
The setting of TTI decides the mode in which the E-RGCH relative grant information is
sent.
When TTI is 2 ms, the relative grant information from the serving cell is sent once
every 2 ms.
When TTI is 10 ms, the relative grant information from the serving cell must be sent
within 12 timeslots, that is, the relative grant instruction is sent once every 8 ms.
The relative grant information from the non-serving cell must be sent within 15
timeslots, that is, the relative grant instruction is sent once every 10 ms.
The E-HICH is a downlink physical channel carrying HARQ confirmation indication (ACK
and NACK). An HARQ confirmation indication is carried over 3 or 12 consecutive
timeslots corresponding to TTI of 2ms or 10ms respectively. In RLS containing serving
cells, the HARQ confirmation indication value is 1 (ACK) or -1 (NACK); in RLS with
non-service E-DCH, the HARQ acknowledge indication value is 1 (ACK) or 0 (NACK).
The E-HICH adopts the spreading factor of 128 invariably and the modulation of QPSK
and has the same frame structure as the E-RGCH. If an E-RGCH and an E-HICH target
at the same UE, they share the same spreading factor of 128. They are distinguished
from each other through different signature sequences.
During the working process of HSUPA, the UE first sends scheduling messages to the
Node B over the E-DPDCH. The scheduling message includes 4-bit high priority logical
channel ID, 9-bit UE buffer occupancy status (including 5-bit Total E-DCH Buffer Status,
namely TEBS, and 4-bit Highest Priority Logical Channel Buffer Status, namely HLBS),
5-bits UE power status, and the scheduling request of the Happy bit carried over the
E-DPCCH for requesting the Node B to distribute resources.
The serving Node B decides the scheduling grant according to the QoS information and
scheduling request information of the UE. The scheduling grant has the following
attributes:
The scheduling grant is limited to the selection of E-DCH TFC and is not used in the
selection of DCH TFC.
The scheduling grant controls the maximum E-DPDCH/DPCCH power ratio of the
activating process. In case of non-activating process, the power ratio is 0 and the
UE is prohibited to send data.
All grants are certain and the scheduling grant can be sent at the interval of TTI or
lower frequency.
The scheduling grant sent by the Node B can be divided into two categories: absolute
grant and relative grant. The former is the absolute limitation on the maximum resources
available to the UE; the later increases or reduces the value of the previous grant. The
absolute grant is sent by the serving cell of the serving E-DCH and is effective to a UE, a
group of UEs, or all UEs. The relative grant (updating) is sent by the serving Node B or
non-serving Node B as the supplement of the absolute grant. The scheduling mechanism
controlled by the Node B can swiftly control the Raise over Thermal (RoT).
The UE sends data after selecting Retransmission Sequence Number (RSN), HARQ RV
version, and the power difference between E-DPDCH and E-DPCCH according to the
scheduling information (consisting of absolute grant and relative grant) and the
ACK/NACK sent previously.
From the perspective of the overall UTRAN protocol, the basic working principles of the
HSUPA technology are shown in Figure 3-6.
SRNC DRNC
MAC-d
FP
MAC-es
Iur/Iub FP
MAC-e MAC-e
Scheduler
MRC MRC
E-HICH (ACK/NACKs)
E-RGCH (relative grants)
serving cell (ChCode, signature -> UE)
E-AGCH
(Absolute Grants,
"E-RNTI" -> UE) E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
UE
MAC-e/
MAC-es
MAC-d
DTCHs
Figure 3-6 shows the connection between the UE that uses the E-DCH and is in the soft
handover (SHO) status and the URTAN, as well as the protocols related to the HSUPA at
both the UE and network side. Figure 3-6 shows the basic working principles of the
HSUPA.
E-DCH active set: the cell set carried by the E-DCH between the Node B and the
UE. An E-DCH active set can be a sub-set of the DCH active set.
E-DCH serving cell: the cell where the UE receives the absolute grants. The UE has
only one E-DCH serving cell.
E-DCH serving RLS: a group of RLs containing the E-DCH serving cell. It is
generally the cell set of the E-DCH active set under the Node B of the E-DCH
serving cell.
Non-serving E-DCH RLS: the E-DCH cell set of all non-serving E-DCH RLS under
the Node B which has no E-DCH serving cell.
The HSUPA is characterized by the scheduling under control of the Node B. The
following describes the scheduling process:
A UE has an E-DCH serving cell. The Node B of the E-DCH serving cell is
responsible for E-DCH scheduling. The E-DCH serving cell sends scheduling
command (namely absolute grant) over the downlink E-AGCH to the UE. The
absolute grant specifies the absolute value of the maximum resources available to a
UE. The absolute grant includes E-RNTI and maximum transmit power of the UE.
The E-DCH serving cell and non-E-DCH serving cell send relative grant over the
downlink E-RGCH to the UE. The relative grant is used to adjust the absolute grant.
The values of the relative grant include UP, HOLD, and DOWN. Only serving
E-DCH RLS can send UP; while non-serving E-DCH RLS can only send HOLD or
DOWN. When the uplink payload is too large, the non-serving E-DCH RLS sends
DOWN.
Upon receiving the grant information, the UE makes a choice in respect of the
E-TFC. It sends data (including resent data) over the E-DPDCH and sends the
E-TFC information, HARQ RV (RSN) and the Happy bit over E-DPCCH . The
Happy bit is used to inform the Node B whether the UE is satisfied with the allocated
resources and grants or not, that is, whether higher grant is needed.
The Node B performs combination for the E-DCH data received by different cells of
the Node B and submits it to the Mac-e for processing. Each UE has a Mac-e in
Node B. The Mac-e demultiplexes Mac-e PDU into MAC-es PDU and sends it to the
RNC. The Mac-e also sends the E-DCH scheduling information and HARQ
response ACK/NACK.
Each UE has a Mac-es entity in the SRNC. The Mac-es entity performs macro
diversity combination for MAC-es PDUs from different Node Bs, reorders and
divides them into Mac-d PDU, and then sends them to the Mac-d.
HSUPA also supports non-scheduling transmission which means UE can transmit at any
time without the scheduling information. The non-scheduling transmission is just like the
DPCH of R99 and is usually used to carry the service which is delay sensitive, such as
signaling, conversational service, and streaming service.
Carrier frequency sharing between HSUPA and R99 means that the cell can provide
uplink R99 service and HSUPA service simultaneously and can allocate common
resources reasonably between R99 and HSUPA. These common resources include
transmit power and downlink channels of E-AGCH, E-RGCH and E-HICH, transport
bandwidth of the Iub interface, and uplink interference of the cell.
HSUPA is generally used with HSDPA. If the operator is using the RAN of ZTE and has
purchased the license of the HSUPA basic function package, the HSUPA function can be
enabled in a cell supporting HSDPA. By configuring the parameter hspaSptMeth in
OMCR, both R99 and HSUPA services are also enabled simultaneously in a cell. The
perfect RRM algorithm of ZTE can guarantee reasonable allocation of cell common
resources between these two types of services.
If the operator wants to close the HSUPA function when the cell supports HSUPA
capability, the operator can set hsuStat to Inactive.
HSUPA is generally used with HSDPA together. You can adopt the same carrier
frequency for R99 and HSUPA to realize R99 and HSUPA services simultaneously or use
different carrier frequency for them to support HSUPA/HSDPA service only.
When the operator has more frequency resources than the requirement of R99 service, it
can adopt different frequencies for HSUPA/HSDPA service. Since the frequency
utilization efficiency of the E-DCH is higher than that of the DCH, the operator can obtain
higher uplink peak rate and cell throughput, improve the QoS of the service, and reduce
the cost of high speed data service.
To realize the traditional CS service and low-speed PS service carried on the DCH, a
frequency to carry R99 service is also needed. The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the
access to different frequencies for the users according to various service types.
If you use the UMTS RAN of ZTE and have purchased the license of the HSUPA basic
function package, you can enable the HSUPA function for a cell. By configuring the
parameter hspaSptMeth in OMCR, you can enable a cell to support HSUPA/HSDPA only.
The cell does not support the R99 service separately but supports concurrent
provisioning of the CS services and the PS services
If the operator wants to close the HSUPA function when the cell supports HSUPA
capability, the operator can set hsuStat to Inactive.
The indicator of a HSUPA cell can be broadcasted through the system message SIB5 or
SIB5bis. When searching cells, the terminal can figure out whether a cell supports the
HSUPA service according to the indicator and then selects a desired cell accordingly. For
example, a user holding the HSUPA data card can search the carrier frequency
supporting the HSUPA service within a sector. The terminal decides the policy of
selecting a cell according to the capability of cells.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports all HSUPA terminal category levels of the 3GPP
protocol. The category levels reflect the extent to which a terminal supports the HSUPA
service. For details, refer to 3GPP TS 25.306. RNC configures the Maximum Set of
E-DPDCHs (NBAP IE) to Node B according to the minimum SF between the SF
supported by UE category and the SF required by the MBR in RAB ASSIGNMENT
REQUEST.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the HSUPA with the TTI of 2ms. Each cell can be
configured supporting 2ms TTI or not by the parameter tti2msSuptInd (for neighboring
RNC cell, by the parameter edchTti2SuptInd).
When adopting 2ms short frame, HSUPA can reduce the transmission time delay. As a
result, the air interface can transmit data at a time delay shorter than that of 10ms frame,
and the frame alignment time during the data framing of the transmitter also decreases.
The use of 2ms frame can reduce the Round Trip Time (RTT) of HARQ process under
the control of the Node B and decrease the fast scheduling response time. In contrast to
10ms frame, 2ms frame can more effectively utilize the resources and obtain larger
system capacity.
The 2ms TTI HSUPA adopts the scheduling interval of 2ms. The Node B specifies the
value of Rate Grant (RG) according to the payload of the current cell and sends it to the
user. With the increase of cell load, the 2ms TTI HSUPA, in contrast to the 10ms TTI
HSUPA, can improve the performance generated from the cell throughput. Obviously, the
smaller the TTI is, the larger the performance will be.
HSUPA adopts a fast HARQ which allows the Node B to fast retransmit data wrongly
received. The fast HARQ is implemented in the MAC-e layer, which is terminated at the
Node B. In the traditional R99, the data packets are retransmitted by the Radial Link
Controller (RLC) under the control of the RNC. In the acknowledgement mode, the RLC
retransmits the RLC signaling and data from the Iub interface with the time delay of more
than 100 ms. The retransmission time delay of HARQ (the retransmission time delay of
10ms TTI is 40 ms and the retransmission time delay of 2ms TTI is 16 ms) is much
shorter than the retransmission time delay in the RLC layer, greatly reducing the time
delay jittering of TCP/IP service and services sensitive to response time.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the HSUPA peak rate of 1.45 Mbps. When a terminal
uses interactive or background services carried over the E-DCH, the peak rate on the
MAC layer can reach to 1.45 Mps.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the running of 16 HSUPA users in a single cell, which is
controlled by parameter of EdchTrafLimit. For details of the parameter, refer to ZTE
UMTS Admission Control Feature Guide.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the HSUPA peak rate of 2 Mbps. When a terminal uses
interactive or background services carried over the E-DCH, the peak rate on the MAC
layer can reach to 2 Mbps.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the HSUPA peak rate of 5.76 Mbps. By adopting the
2ms TTI and the multiplexing of 2 SF2 * 2 SF4, a UE can enjoy interactive or background
services carried over the E-DCH at the uplink peak rate of 5.76 Mbps. This function can
be controlled by parameter fourEChAllowedInd. For neighboring RNC cell, the cell of
E-DCH SF Capability can be configured by the parameter edchSfCap.
ZTE plays a leading role in the R&D of HSPA. The HSUPA high-performance radio
resources scheduling algorithm has solved the problem of mutual-interference between
HSDAP and HSUPA when they are transmitted by the same terminal at the maximum bit
rate. ZTE has won the recognition from the telecom industry for its achievement in this
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the running of 32 HSUPA users in a single cell, which is
controlled by the parameter of EdchTrafLimit. For details of the parameter, refer to ZTE
UMTS Admission Control Feature Guide.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the running of 64 HSUPA users in a single cell, which is
controlled by the parameter of EdchTrafLimit. For details of the parameter, refer to ZTE
UMTS Admission Control Feature Guide.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the running of 96 HSUPA users in a single cell, which is
controlled by the parameter of EdchTrafLimit. For details of the parameter, refer to ZTE
UMTS Admission Control Feature Guide.
HSUPA services are carried over the enhanced dedicated channel E-DCH. Adopting the
BPSK modulation and HARQ, the E-DCH provides higher bit rate and enables multiple
users to share the load of uplink cells, which make it suitable to carry interactive and
background services with the high bursting feature. The peak rate of the channel can
effectively improve the QoS.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the maximum uplink bit rate of 5.76 Mbps. But the
actual maximum bit rate available to users depends on the capability level of the terminal,
the maximum bit rate (MBR) subscribed in the core network (CN), payload of the system,
and the radio environment at the time of access.
The RAB radio parameters of the interactive/background PS data services of the ZTE
UMTS RAN comply with 3GPP TS 34.108 protocol.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports carrying PS streaming services over the E-DCH.
The PS streaming service requires guaranteed transmission bit rate and shorter time
delay. According to the RAB parameters assigned by the CN, the RNC sends the GBR
configured for the PS streaming service to the Node B, instructs the service to use the
non-scheduling grants, so as to guarantee that the PS streaming service enjoys the
priority in the scheduling by the Node B and meets the requirement of GBR. The
mapping of scheduling priority is related to the QoS mapping of the RRM. Refer to
section 3.4 for more details. Section of 3.5.2 provides the details on the scheduling
mechanism of the Node B.
The RAB Radio parameters of the streaming PS data services of ZTE UMTS RAN
completely comply with 3GPP TS 34.108.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports concurrent provisioning of the CS services and the PS
I/B/S services carried over HSUPA. The CS services include:
When the CS services and the PS services carried over the HSUPA channel are
provided concurrently, the actual maximum bit rate of the uplink PS services depends on
the capability level of the terminal, the MBR subscribed in the core network (CN),
payload of the system, and the radio environment at the time of access.
The RAB radio parameters used for the concurrent carrying of CS service and PS
service over the HSUPA of the ZTE UMTS RAN comply with 3GPP TS 34.108.
The RAB radio parameters used for carrying the multiple concurrent PS services over
the HSUPA of the ZTE UMTS RAN comply with the 3GPP TS 34.108.
The attribute supports carrying signaling over the E-DCH. The signaling RB has higher
requirement on time delay. Therefore, the signaling RB can be processed as a special
streaming service. In comparison with normal streaming service, the signaling RB has
higher scheduling priority. The mapping of scheduling priority is related to the QoS
mapping of the RRM. Section 3.4 provides more details. Section 3.5.2 provides details
on the scheduling mechanism of the Node B. This function can be controlled by
parameter srbOnEdchSwch. For more details, refer to ZTE UMTS DRBC Algorithm
Feature Guide.
When the UMTS RAN of ZTE uses the E-DCH to carry the interactive/background
services, it supports configuring the nominal bit rate edchNormBitRate. For more details,
refer to ZTE UMTS QoS Feature Guide. The RNC configures GBR for
interactive/background services according to the edchNormBitRate and sends the
setting to the Node B. When performing HSUPA fast scheduling, the Node B provides
minimum GBR for interactive/background services. The edchNormBitRate can be
configured as 0.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports the running of 192 HSUPA users in a single cell, which
is controlled by the parameter of EdchTrafLimit. For details of the parameter, refer to ZTE
UMTS Admission Control Feature Guide.
The UMTS RAN of ZTE supports seamless handover of a UE inside the coverage of
HSUPA, between the coverage of HSUPA and R5/R99, and between the coverage of
HSUPA and 2G. The cell attribute (hspaSptMeth) of the HSUPA coverage can be set to
Support HSUPA, HSDPA and DCH, or Support HSUPA and HSDPA; the cell attribute
(hspaSptMeth) of the HSDPA coverage can be set to Support HSDPA and DCH, Support
HSDPA only, Support HSUPA, HSDPA and DCH, or Support HSUPA and HSDPA; the
cell attribute (hspaSptMeth) of R99 can be set to Not Support HSUPA and HSDPA.
If the cell attribute hsuStat is Inactive, the RNC considers the cell doesn’t support
HSUPA.
For improving the compatibility of HSUPA over Iur, the UMTS RAN of ZTE supplies two
more parameters RncFeatSwitch2 and RncFeatSwitch4 which can be configured based
on office direction. The RncFeatSwitch2 is used to configure whether the neighbor RNC
supports HSUPA or not. If the neighbor RNC doesn’t support HSUPA, ZTE RNC will
transfer EDCH to DCH before processing the Iur signaling flow. The RncFeatSwitch4 is
used to configure whether DSCR is adopted or not when doing hard handover SRNS
relocation for HS-DSCH configuration.
For details on the algorithm related to HSUPA mobility, refer to ZTE UMTS Handover
Control Feature Guide.
Similar to DCH, E-DCH is a dedicated uplink channel that supports SHO. Most mobility
algorithms of the E-DCH are the same as those of the DCH. The only difference between
them lies in the fact that the E-DCH supports E-DCH serving cell variation and switching
from the E-DCH to the DCH caused by the mobility.
The following takes the intra-RNC E-DCH handover as an example to describe the flow.
The inter-RNC E-DCH handover is similar to the intra-RNC E-DCH handover.
Similar to the HSDPA, the HSUPA also has a serving cell change flow. The difference lies
in the fact that the E-DCH is an uplink link that supports SHO. The bearer of the E-DCH
serving cell is the same as that of the E-DCH non-serving cell. When the E-DCH serving
cell varies within the active set, the Iub/Iur interface does not need to set up a new
E-DCH bearer.
The following figure shows the E-DCH serving cell change flow.
Target Serving
UE RNC
NodeB NodeB
1. Measurement Report 1D
2. Decide to
Change E-DCH
Serving Cell
3. Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
4. Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
5. Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
6. Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
7. Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit
8. Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit
9. Physical Channel Reconfiguration
10. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
Before the E-DCH serving cell changes, the UE has maintained connections with
multiple cells:
1. The UE measures the quality of the intra-frequency cells in the neighboring cell list
according to the measurement control mechanism of the RNC, judges the
occurrence of intra-frequency events, and sends the measurement report to the
RNC.
2. The RNC decides to change the E-DCH serving cell according to the events
reported by the UE and availability of the radio resources.
3. The RNC sends the NBAP message Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare to the
serving Node B and reconfigures it as the non-serving E-DCH RL.
4. The RNC sends the NBAP message Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare to the
destination Node B and reconfigures it as the serving E-DCH RL.
5. The serving Node B returns the Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready message to the
RNC.
6. The destination Node B returns the Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready message to
the RNC.
7. The RNC sends the Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit message with the time of
changing the E-DCH serving RL to the serving Node B.
8. The RNC sends the Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit message with the time of
changing the E-DCH serving RL to the destination Node B.
9. The RNC sends the RRC message Physical Channel Reconfiguration to the UE
and instructs it to change the E-DCH serving cell.
10. The UE switches to the new E-DCH serving RL at the time specified by the RNC
and sends the RRC message Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete to the
RNC.
The switching between E-DCH and DCH includes intra-cell switching and inter-cell
switching.
The following figure shows the flow of intra-cell switching between E-DCH and DCH. For
example, the UE supports handover from the cell that supports the E-DCH to an
inter-frequency neighboring cell that does not supports the E-DCH. In this case, it is
necessary to enable the compression mode. Because the UE does not support
concurrent processing of the E-DCH and compression mode, it is necessary to perform
intra-cell fallback from the E-DCH to the DCH.
UE NodeB RNC
1. The RNC sends the NBAP message Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare to the
Node B to reconfigure the E-DCH as a DCH.
2. The Node B returns the Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready message to the RNC.
3. The RNC sends the Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit message with the time of
channel switching to the Node B.
4. The RNC sends the RRC message Transport Channel Reconfiguration to the UE to
reconfigure the E-DCH as a DCH.
5. The UE switch the E-DCH to the DCH at the time specified by the RNC and sends
the RRC message Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete to the RNC.
Figure 3-10 shows the flow of inter-cell switching between E-DCH and DCH. This
example describes a scenario of fallback from the inter-cell E-DCH to the DCH. The UE
takes the hard handover from a cell that supports the E-DCH to an intra-frequency
neighboring cell that does not support the E-DCH.
Target Source
UE RNC
NodeB NodeB
1. Radio Link Setup Request
2. Radio Link Setup Response
3. Transport Channel Reconfiguration
4. Transport Channel Reconfiguration Complete
5. Radio Link Deletion Request
6. Radio Link Deletion Response
1. The RNC sends the NBAP message Radio Link Setup Request to the target Node
B to set up a radio link of the DCH.
2. The destination Node B returns the Radio Link Setup Response message to the
RNC.
3. The RNC sends the RRC message Transport Channel Reconfiguration to the UE to
reconfigure the E-DCH as a DCH.
5. The RNC sends the NBAP message Radio Link Deletion Request to the source
NdoeB to delete the bearer of the original E-DCH.
6. The source Node B returns the Radio Link Deletion Response message to the
RNC.
For details on the HSUPA channel dynamic adjustment algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS
DRBC Algorithm Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA code resources management algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS
Code Resource Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA power control algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS Power Control
Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA admission control algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS Admission
Control Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA load control algorithms, refer to ZTE UTMS Overload Control
Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA load balance algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS Load Balance
Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA congestion control algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS Congestion
Control Feature Guide.
For details on the HSUPA QoS mapping algorithms, refer to ZTE UMTS QoS Feature
Guide.
HARQ integrates the Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat Request
(ARQ). HARQ adjusts the bit rate of a channel according to the condition of the link and
integrates the FEC with retransmission. HARQ allows the receiver to save the received
data when decoding fails and requests the transmitter to retransmit data. The receiver
combines the retransmitted data with the previously-received data. The HARQ
technology can improve the system performance, effectively adjust the bit rate of valid
code elements, and compensate the code errors brought about by the link adaptation.
Introduced to HSUPA by the 3GPP, HARQ can effectively reduce the transmission time
delay and improve the retransmission efficiency.
A basic principle of the fast HARQ of HSUPA is to add a HARQ entity to the Node B. In
case of receiving failure, the Node B requests the UE to retransmit the uplink packets. In
the uplink direction, the HARQ adopts N channels SAW protocol (NSAW), which is
similar to the protocols used by HSDPA. Additionally, the Node B can also use different
methods to combine the retransmission tasks of a packet and reduce the reception
Ec/No of each transmission requirement. The HARQ function of HSUPA is mainly
applied in the MAC-e and physical layer of the Node B. Through the HARQ, the Node B
can effectively improve the data transmission speed and reduce the time delay.
In HSUPA, 10ms TTI corresponds to 4 HARQ processes; and 2ms TTI corresponds to 8
HARQ processes.
The HARQ technology has two implementation modes: If the retransmitted data is the
same as the data transmitted initially, this mode is referred to as Chase Combine (CC) or
soft combining; if the retransmitted data is different from the data transmitted initially, this
mode is referred to as Incremental Redundancy (IR).The later mode is better than the
former in performance and requires larger memory in the terminal. The default memory
of a terminal is designed according to the MBR and soft combining mode supported by
the terminal. When the terminal works at the MBR, it can only use the soft combining.
When working at lower transmission rate, the terminal supports both of the two modes.
The IR mode needs a more complex memory of the UE. The 3GPP does not impose
limitations on the specific mode. The CC mode can be viewed as a special form of the IR
mode. The parameter harqRvConfig is used to specify which HARQ mode should be
used (for neighboring RNC cell, by the parameter edchHarqCombCap).
The system adopting the fast HARQ may have a higher Block Error Rate (BLER) in the
first transmission. This is because the time delay of the packets with retransmission
reception errors drops obviously in comparison with the RLC retransmission. Higher
BLER target can reduce the transmission power requirement on the UE when it transmits
data at a certain bit rate. If two cells have the same payload, the application of the fast
HARQ can improve the capacity of the cell. When the data rate is invariable, reducing the
energy of each bit helps to improve the coverage. Certainly, improving the BLER target
excessively is costly because the time delay at the peak rate does not occur frequently
when the RLC retransmission is not started, but data is retransmitted in large quantity,
the user can feel the average time delay. Because more and more packets need to be
retransmitted, the valid throughput of invariable bit rate also drops with the increase of
the BLER.
In the SHO process, the HSUPA HARQ introduces a complex process that is unavailable
in the HSDPA HARQ. In the CDMA system, the SHO gain comes from the correct
reception of packets at a Node B while another Node B is unable of decoding. Therefore,
one Node B sends an ACK and another Node B sends a NACK. On this occasion, the
network has received the packet, and the UE shall no longer send the same packet. See
Figure 3-11. Accordingly, in the Node B with reception failure, the HARQ process can
recover from the incorrect reception. The RNC must ensure the sequence of packet
transmission and combine the packets received from different Node Bs selectively.
The fast scheduling is a key technology of the HSUPA and is realized in the MAC-e of
the Node B. For details on the HSUPA fast scheduling function, refer to ZTE UMTS Node
B HSUPA Packet Scheduling Feature Guide.
E-AGCH closed-loop power control which can make a closed-loop according to the
feedback of DPCCH and CQI will apply the service channel power control on the control
channels. When the channel quality information obtained by DPCCH or CQI forms the
power control command, this command will not only be transmitted to service channel
but also to the corresponding control channel in order to implement the consistent
association of service channel and corresponding control channel and ensure the
reliable transfer of control information. The power control can be used to resist the
modification of radio environment.
To effectively reduce the network interference from the channel without power
control to increase system capacity
From the protocol description, E-AGCH power control is controlled by Node B. ZTE
adopts two methods in the following:
If the concomitant CQI/HS-SCCH power control method is used for E-AGCH, RNC will
change the power-offset value during the soft hand-over because E-AGCH has no soft
hand-over combination. HS-SCCH can control the channel quality due to the
outer-power control. Therefore the concomitant CQI/HS-SCCH power control for
E-AGCH can provide better performance.
The first method is directly controlled by HSUPA scheduler to adjust E-AGCH power
value. For the second method, HSDPA will report the latest scheduled HS-SCCH power
to HSUPA. The last E-AGCH power is derived from the sum of HS-SCCH power and the
fixed power offset of HS-SCCH relative to E-AGCH.
The purpose of fixed power control arithmetic is to use high enough fixed transmit power
for each HSUPA user (The fixed power transmission must be satisfied with the
performance when the UE is located in the cell margin). The power configuration is
easier for this method. However, it will possibly waste Node B power resources and
create unnecessary interference in the cell.
According to the description of 3GPP protocol, one UE can be HSUPA user and HSDPA
user simultaneously because the same serving cell exists between HSUPA and HSDPA.
The E-AGCH which belongs to HSUPA serving cell can use CQI and HS-SCCH of
HSDPA information to implement E-AGCH power control and can adjust E-AGCH
transmit power according to CQI information reported by UE and HS-SCCH power
control.
CQI is the HS-SCCH quality indicator and will not be affected by the handover state and
service type. Due to the feedback of HS-SCCH demodulation in Node B, the influence of
the receiver performance and the speed of different UE can be shielded by the outer
power control arithmetic to control the channel quality.
Because of the same demodulation requirement between E-AGCH and HS-SCCH, the
concomitant HS-SCCH power control for E-AGCH power based on the blinding of
E-AGCH and HS-SCCH transmit power can effectively use HS-SCCH outer power
control to dynamically adjust E-AGCH transmit power with the channel quality. This
method can save E-AGCH power loss and reduce unnecessary interference to other
downlink channels.
To effectively reduce the network interference from the channel without power
control to increase system capacity
The method of concomitant DPCCH outer power control will achieve better performance
because E-RGCH/HICH has soft handover combination to ensure the performance
without power-offset change.
For the method 1, E-RGCH/HICH power value is directly controlled by HSUPA scheduler.
For the method 2, the association between E-RGCH/HICH and DPCCH channel power
is directly implemented by hardware.
hspaSptMeth(UUtranCellF
HSPA Support Method
DD)
hspaSptMeth(UExternalUtr
HSPA Support Method
anCellFDD)
edchHarqCombCap
E-DCH HARQ Combining Capability
(UExternalUtranCellFDD)
edchSfCap
E-DCH SF Capability
(UExternalUtranCellFDD)
edchTti2SuptInd
2ms E-TTI Support Indicator
(UExternalUtranCellFDD)
OMC path
Parameter configuration
OMC path
Parameter configuration
OMC path
Parameter configuration
When the interactive/background service is carried over the E-DCH, the uplink nominal
bit rate is equivalent to the GBR configured by the RNC for the Node B.
OMC path
Parameter configuration
OMC path
Parameter configuration
Parameter configuration
Parameter configuration
Parameter configuration
Parameter configuration
Parameter configuration
OMC path
Parameter configuration
It is set according to the actual HARQ combining capability of the neighboring cell of the
DRNC.
OMC path
Parameter configuration
It is set according to the actual E-DCH SF capability of the neighboring cell of the DRNC.
OMC path
Parameter configuration
It is set according to the actual E-DCH 2ms TTI capability of the neighboring cell of the
DRNC.
C310251537 Number Of RAB release for UTRAN Abnormal Reason for HSUPA:UE
C310281864 Number of RAB release by RNC initiate RAB release request for
C310030438 Number of including only HSDPA + HSUPA users in the best cell
C310030449 Max Number of including only HSUPA users in the best cell
C310030450 Max Number of including only HSDPA + HSUPA users in the best cell
C310030461 Average Number of including only HSUPA users in the best cell
C310030628 Max Number of including only HSUPA users in the non-best cell
C310030636 Average Number of including only HSUPA users in the non-best cell
C310063385 Number of including only HSDPA + HSUPA users in the DRNC cell
C310063395 Max Number of including only HSUPA users in the DRNC cell
C310063406 Average Number of including only HSUPA users in the DRNC cell
Number of active set update attempted to add cell for E-DCH, softer
C310322297
handover
Number of active set update attempted to add cell for E-DCH, soft
C310322298
handover
Number of active set update attempted to add cell for E-DCH, Iur soft
C310322299
handover
Number of active set update failed to add cell for E-DCH, softer
C310322300
handover
Number of active set update failed to add cell for E-DCH, soft
C310322301
handover
Number of active set update failed to add cell for E-DCH, Iur soft
C310322302
handover
Number of active set update failed to add cell for E-DCH,Cell Update
C310322308
Occurred
C310322311 Number of active set update failed to add cell for E-DCH,No Reply
C310322312 Number of active set update failed to add cell for E-DCH,Other Failure
Number of active set update attempted to del cell for E-DCH,Iur soft
C310322315
handover
C310322320 Number of active set update failed to del cell for E-DCH,Protocol Error
Number of active set update failed to del cell for E-DCH,Cell Update
C310322321
Occurred
C310322324 Number of active set update failed to del cell for E-DCH,No Reply
C310322325 Number of active set update failed to del cell for E-DCH,Other Failure
C310322479 Average number of UE having one E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322480 Average number of UE having two E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322481 Average number of UE having three E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322482 Average number of UE having four E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322483 Max number of UE having one E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322484 Max number of UE having two E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322485 Max number of UE having three E-DCH active set cell in cell
C310322486 Max number of UE having four E-DCH active set cell in cell
on DLTxP
Iur),Configuration invalid
6 Glossary
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
ACK ACKnowledgement
RR Round Robin
UE User Equipment