Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan
untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Rumus Kata Sinyal Kalimat Positif Kalimat Negatif Kalimat Tanya
always, every,
Subject + Verb He always works He does not work Does he work very hard in the
never, normally,
1 (present very hard in the very hard in the company?
often, sometimes,
form) company company. Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
usually, seldom

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat
pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject +
am/is/are + at the moment, just Look! He is He is not playing Is he playing computer games at
Verb -ing now, now, right now, talking with his computer games the moment?
(continuous Listen!, Look! classmates. now. Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
form)

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject +
Has he completed the
has/have+ already, ever, just, He has already He has not been
arrangement for the coming event
Verb III (past never, not yet, so far, finished his to Australia so
up to now?
participle till now, up to now homework. far.
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
form)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu
titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai
sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi
sekarang.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject +
HAS/HAVE + for the past 5 years,
He has been He has not been Has he been playing the computer
BEEN + Verb how long …?, the
working here speaking for the game all day?
-ing whole week, since
since 1996. last 3 hours. Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
(continuous xxxx
form)
Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
yesterday, 2 minutes Did he pay the bill
Last year, he He did not go to
Subject + Verb ago, in 1996, last yesterday? Yes, he
always worked school this
II (past form) Thursday, this did. / No, he did
into night. morning.
morning not.

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu
tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi
kejadian yang lain.Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Was he writing
Subject + the letter to his
He was not
WAS/WERE + when, while, as long He was speaking parents when I
doing his
Verb -ing as, at this time when I entered in was out last
homework at this
(continuous yesterday room. Tuesday?
time yesterday.
form) Yes, he was. / No,
he was not.

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu
tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Had he entered the
company before
Subject + HADbefore yesterday, till He had finished He had not been
he achieved his
+ Verb III (pastthree days ago, his designs before a high school
master degree in
participle already, until that he went to work student until last
1990?
form) day yesterday. year.
Yes, he had.
/ No, he had not.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa
lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Had he been
Subject + HAD He was told that
speaking for the
+ BEEN + He said that he his teacher had
for, since, the whole whole class before
Verb -ing had been working been waiting for
day, all day I entered?
(continuous here for ten years. him since 2 p.m
Yes, he had. / No,
form) yesterday.
he had not.
Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi.
Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum
pada tenses ini.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
He will not play
Subject + Will he go to the
He is going to be computer games
“WILL/ BE in a year, next …, cinema tomorrow
journalist after he anymore because
GOING TO” + tomorrow, next with us?
graduate next he understand
Verb (present week, five days later Yes, he will. / No,
year. how harmful
form) he will not.
they are.

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject + He will be He will not be Will he be playing
“WILL/BE delivering the doing the task football next morning
GOING TO” tomorrow morning, speech to in the office thisin the
+ “BE” + Verbin one year undergraduates at afternoon playground? Yes,
(continuous 3 p.m tomorrow because he is he will./ No, he will
form) afternoon. sick. not.

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject + Will he have
He will not have
“WILL finished the task
He will have finished the
HAVE” + by next Monday, in a in a
finished the task given task by
Verb II (past week week? Yes,
by next Monday. tomorrow
participle he will./ No, he
evening.
form) will not.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous
tense merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Subject + Will he have been
“WILL HAVE He will have been He will not have doing the research
BEEN” + Verb for the last couple of taking charge of been doing the all day
III (past hours, all day long the team for the task for the last long? Yes,
participle next hour. couple of hours. he will./ No, he
form) will not.

Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat
perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
He did not Did you tell him
Subject + He said that he promise that when I would
“SHOULD/WOULD” would leave in he would buy arrive? Yes,
+ Verb (present form) three days. you a new I did. / No, I did
computer. not.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
I did not tell Did you say that
I made a promise
anyone that I you would be
Subject + that I would be
would be giving working hard in
“SHOULD/WOULD doing my
a speech to the next
BE” + Verb homework all
undergraduates week? Yes, I
(continuous form) day long
for the next did / No, I
tomorrow.
whole morning. did not.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan
datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu
yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
He told the He said that he
Subject +
students that they would not have Did you say that you would
“SHOULD/WOULD
should have made such a have been a doctor in three
HAVE BEEN” +
finished the mistake if he years?
Verb III (past
homework this had taken my Yes, I did / No, I did not.
participle form)
morning. advice.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat
mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada
durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.
Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question
Would he have
been explaining
I did not know
Subject + I heard that you to the workers if
that he would
“SHOULD/WOULD should have been he had made the
have been
HAVE BEEN” + teaching here for information
working for the
Verb (continuous ten years by this clear?
past three hours
form) July. Yes, he would /
by that time.
No, he would
not.