Results:

Figure 1: Shows the temperature change during evaporation and also

predicting temperature changes.

Table 1: Temperature change during evaporation

Substance Tmax (C) Tmin (C) T(C)
Ethanol 23.87 14.53 9.34
1-Propanol 23.75 19.52 4.23

Table 2: Comparing & predicting temperature changes during evaporation

Substance Explanation Predicted Tmax (C) Tmin (C) T(C)
T(C) (Tmax - Tmin)
1- Butanol It has a higher < 4.23 23.31 22.66 0.65
molecular weight.
than 1-propanol
Pentane It has a higher > 9.34 14.71 -0.84 15.55
molecular weight.
than Ethanol
Methanol It has a lower > 9.34 24.03 8.63 15.40
molecular weight.
than Ethanol
Hexane It has a higher < 15.55 23.80 8.60 15.20
molecular weight.
than Pentane
Acetone It has a lower > 15.55 24.41 5.05 19.36
molecular weight.
than Hexane
Water It has a lower < 9.34 23.75 20.18 3.57
molecular weight.
than Ethanol

pg. 1
Figure 2: The graphs below shows the comparison between the temperature
change during the experiment for Ethanol and Propanol. Ethanol has the
greatest change in temperature.
Ethanol Vs. Propanol
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

ethanol propanol

Figure 3: The graphs below shows the comparison between the temperature
change during the experiment for Butanol and Pentane. Pentane has the
greatest change in temperature.
Butanol Vs. Pentane
25

20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

-5

butanol pentane

pg. 2
Figure 4: The graphs below shows the comparison between the temperature
change during the experiment for Methanol and Hexane. Methanol has the
greatest change in temperature.
Methanol Vs. Hexane
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

methanol hexane

Figure 5: The graphs below shows the comparison between the temperature
change during the experiment for Acetone and Water. Acetone has the
greatest change in temperature.
Acetone Vs. Water
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

acetone water

pg. 3
 Alcohols versus their Molecular Weights
80

70
Molecular Weight (g/mol)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

T(C)

Figure 6: The graph above shows that for alcohol, as the molecular weight
decreases, the alcohols T(C) increases.

Calculations:

T(C)= Tmax – Tmin =

Ethanol: 23.87 C – 14.53C = 9.34C
1-Propannol: 23.75C – 19.52C = 4.23C
1-Butanol: 23.31C – 22.66C = 0.65C
Pentane: 14.71C – (-0.84C) = 15.55C
Methanol: 24.03C – 8.63C = 15.40C
Hexane: 23.80C – 8.60C = 15.20C
Acetone: 24.41C – 5.05C = 19.36C
Water: 23.75C – 20.18C = 3.57C

pg. 4
Conclusion:

In conclusion the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the

relationship of dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding forces in
intermolecular attractions. Two types of organic compounds that were used
in this experiment are Alkanes and Alcohols. As shown in the figures above
each alkanes and alcohol will vary in temperature compared to each other.
For example, Propanol has maintained a higher temperature compared to
Ethanol during the experiment; however, Ethanol has shown the greatest
change in temperature than Propanol. This information was gained when the
experimenter calculated the T(C) by subtracting Tmax by Tmin. The
experimenter would like to add some improvements that would better help
other experimenters improve their data / results for this experiment; such as
clearly stating the size need for the filter paper to be properly placed on the
probes. Another improvement for this experiment is that the experimenter
should be timing the probes inside the liquid with a timer so that the
experiment will not be affected by any incorrect timing. A third improvement
that the experimenter would like to state is that the experimenter should be
shown how to use the program LoggerPro before starting the experiment, so
that no complications with the program will happen during the experiment.

Post Lab Questions:

1) Alkanes: Pentane < Hextane
Alcohols: 1-Butanol < 1-Propanol < Ethanol < Methanol
2) Large T values mean that the sample does evaporate readily.
Large T values mean that the sample does not evaporate readily.

pg. 5
 3) Looking at my formulas for the alkanes, the only difference between
them would be the number of molecules of carbon and hydrogen.
4) The IMF that are present in the alkanes are London force.
5) Looking at my formulas for the alcohols, the only difference between
them would be the number of molecules of carbon and hydrogen.
6) The IMF’s that are present in the alcohols are Hydrogen bonds and
London force.

Work Cited:
1. Beran, J.A. (2014). Page 85-86 Laboratory Manual for Principles of General

chemistry

2. (2010) Page 1-7 Intermolecular Forces: Evaporation & Intermolecular attractions

Handout

pg. 6