Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Revista Cercetasii NR
Revista Cercetasii NR
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ù7,,1ğĂ0,/,7$5Ă
6,67(08/&,65
$/)25ʗ(/257(5(675(
&RORQHOGU9DVLOH&(5%8
2GDWă FX QRXO FRQWH[W VWUDWHJLF PLVLXQLOH HFKLSDPHQWHORU FX HILFDFLWDWH FRPSOHWă QX SRDWH IL
IRUĠHORU DUPDWH DOH ĠăULORU PHPEUH 1$72 VDX DWLQVă GDFă VWDWHOH vúL PHQĠLQ GRDU RELHFWLYHOH
VFKLPEDW úL VH vQGUHDSWă FăWUH FUHDUHD XQRU XQLWăĠL QDĠLRQDOHvQVSHFLDOvQ]RQHOHWHKQRORJLFăLQGXVWULDOă
PDLPLFLGDUPDL PRELOHúLDGDSWDELOHFDSDELOHVă úLRUJDQL]DĠLRQDOă
RSHUH]H vQ PHGLL GH FRQIOLFW LQWHQVH VDX vQ VSULMLQXO 6WDWHOH PHPEUH 1$72 úL 8( WUHEXLH Vă
SăFLLúLLQWHJUDWHvQVWUXFWXULPXOWLQDĠLRQDOH&UHúWHUHD XUPăUHDVFă R QRXă GLUHFĠLH D HIRUWXOXL GH
EXJHWHORUDORFDWHDSăUăULLDREOLJDWIRUĠHOHDUPDWHVă PRGHUQL]DUHFDUHVăDVLJXUH
F D X W H V R O X Ġ L L P R G H U Q H ú L D G H F Y D W H S H Q W U X L Q W H U R S H U D E L O L W D W H D V L V W H P H O R U G H
HFKLSDPHQWH FDSDELOH Vă vQGHSOLQHDVFă FHULQĠHOH VXSUDYHJKHUH FHUFHWDUH LQIRUPDĠLL úL GHWHFWDUHD
RSHUDĠLRQDOH vQ FRQFRUGDQĠă FX QRLOH WLSXUL GH ĠLQWHORU
DPHQLQĠăUL WUDQVIRUPDUHD FRQWLQXă D VLVWHPXOXL GH
([SHULHQĠDDFXPXODWăvQXOWLPHOHFRQIOLFWHvQ LQIRUPDĠLLFăWUHRWRWDOăúLHILFLHQWăLQWHURSHUDELOLWDWH
VSHFLDOvQ8FUDLQD6LULDúL$IJDQLVWDQDGHPRQVWUDW GH]YROWDUHD vQ FRPXQ D FRQFHSWHORU úL
OLSVD HILFLHQĠHL OD QLYHOXO VWUXFWXULORU GH LQIRUPDĠLL GRFWULQHLLQIRUPDĠLLORU
H[LVWHQWH úL D VSULMLQXOXL VODE DFRUGDW XQLWăĠLORU UHRUJDQL]DUHD WHDWUXOXL GH RSHUDĠLL SHQWUX
FRPEDWDQWH GDWRULWă PRGXOXL SăUWLQLWRU DO DFHVWRU VFRSXOLQIRUPDĠLLORU
RUJDQL]DĠLL UHIHULWRU OD VSULMLQXO DFRUGDW VLVWHPXOXL FUHDUHD XQRU VLVWHPH PRGHUQH GH
QDĠLRQDO VWUDWHJLF $OWă FRQVHFLQĠă LPSRUWDQWă D DQWUHQDPHQWúLVLPXODUHODQLYHOLQGLYLGXDOGHJUXS
DFHVWXLUă]ERLSULYHúWHFUHúWHUHDLPSRUWDQĠHLPHGLDúL XQLWDWHúLVHUYLFLLGHDUPHvQWUXQLWH
DLPSDFWXOXLSUH]HQWăULLGUDPHORUUăQLĠLORUSXEOLFXOXL 6IkUúLWXO Uă]ERLXOXL UHFH PXOWLSOLFDUHD
ÌQ FHOH GLQ XUPă FRQFHSWXO SLHUGHUL ]HUR
GLQODQĠXOGHFRPDQGăvQIXQFĠLHGHQHYRLDúLGUHSWXO E V S U L M L Q X O H O D E R U ă U L L G H F L ] L H L S U L Q
ILHFăUXLD GH D úWL GH D RIHUL LQIRUPDĠLL SUHFLVH vPEXQăWăĠLUHD YLWH]HL úL DFXUDWHĠHL SURFHVHORU
VHPQLILFDWLYHvQWUXQPRGVLQFURQL]DWúLQHLHUDUKL]DW DIHUHQWH
6LVWHPHOHGHFRPDQGăFRQWUROFRPXQLFDĠLL F VSULMLQXO SODQLILFăULL úL FRPXQLFDUHD
FRPSXWHUHLQIRUPDĠLLVXSUDYHJKHUHúLUHFXQRDúWHUL LQIRUPDĠLLORUGHH[HFXĠLH
& ,65 UHSUH]LQWă VLVWHPH LQWHJUDWH GH GRFWULQH &RQFHSWXO GH FRPDQGă úL FRQWURO VXEOLQLD]ă
SURFHGXUL VWUXFWXUL RUJDQL]DWRULFH SHUVRQDO FRHUHQĠDúLFDUDFWHUXOLQVHSDUDELODODVSHFWHORUORJLFH
HFKLSDPHQW IDFLOLWăĠL úL FRPXQLFDĠLL GHVWLQDWH Vă SURFHVXDOH VSHFLILFH GRPHQLXOXL GHFL]LRQDO úL
VSULMLQHH[HUFLWDUHDSURFHVXOXLGHFRPDQGăúLFRQWURO PDQDJHPHQWXOXLLQIRUPDĠLRQDOvQUHODĠLHFXGRPHQLXO
úL VSULMLQXO FX LQIRUPDĠLL D DFHVWXLD vQ WRDWH ID]HOH IL]LFDOPLMORDFHORUGHVXSRUWFDUHDOFăWXLHVFSDUWHD
RSHUDĠLHL YL]LELOăDVLVWHPXOXL&RPDQGDúLFRQWUROXOVXQWSULYLWH
6LVWHPXO & ,65 HVWH GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH FD RUJDQL]DĠLH SURFHV SURFHGXUL úL VLVWHPH
VWUXFWXUDOXQDQVDPEOXGHFRPSRQHQWHIXQFĠLRQDOH QHFHVDUHVăSHUPLWăHODERUDUHDRSRUWXQăDGHFL]LHL
DIODWH vQWUR LQWHUDFĠLXQH RUJDQLFă D FăURU DQJDMDUH SROLWLFHúLPLOLWDUHúLVăIDFLOLWH]HFRPDQGDQĠLORUPLOLWDUL
FRHUHQWăIDFLOLWHD]ăSURFHVHOHGHFRPDQGăúLFRQWURO GLUHFĠLRQDUHD úL FRQWUROXO IRUĠHORU PLOLWDUH 7RWRGDWă
D V L J X U k Q G L Q W H J U D U H D V L V W H P H O R U G H V W L Q D W H & H[SULPă DXWRULWDWHD UHVSRQVDELOLWăĠLOH úL
6,67(0&,65
PDQDJHPHQWXOXL VSDĠLXOXL RSHUDĠLRQDO vQ YHGHUHD DFWLYLWăĠLOH FRPDQGDQĠLORU PLOLWDUL vQ GLUHFĠLRQDUHD úL
vQGHSOLQLULLRELHFWLYHORUPLVLXQLL F R R U G R Q D U H D I R U Ġ H O R U PL O L W D U H UH V S H F W L Y v Q
'LQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDUKLWHFWXUDOVLVWHPXO& LPSOHPHQWDUHD RUGLQHORU UHIHULWRDUH OD H[HFXĠLD
,65HVWHXQÄVLVWHPGHVLVWHPH´FRQVWLWXLWHvQUHĠHOH RSHUDĠLLORU
PRELOH úL VWDĠLRQDUH LQWHUFRQHFWDWH FDUH DVLJXUă 6LVWHPXO GH FRPDQGă úL FRQWURO RIHUă
VXSRUWXOFLUFXODĠLHLúLDOPDQDJHPHQWXOXLLQIRUPDĠLLORU FRPDQGDQWXOXLPLMORDFHOHGHDúLH[HUFLWDDXWRULWDWHD
vQFDGUXOIRUĠHORUúLvQWUHDFHVWHDvQFDGUXOJUXSăULLGH úL GH D FRQGXFH IRUĠHOH VXERUGRQDWH úL SULPLWH vQ
IRUĠH VDX DO vQWUHJLL RSHUDĠLL SUHFXP úL vQ FDGUXO VSULMLQSHQWUXvQGHSOLQLUHDPLVLXQLL
FRPDQGDPHQWHORU VDX DO DOWRU HQWLWăĠL FDUH WUHEXLH 6LVWHPXO GH FRPXQLFDĠLL úL LQIRUPDWLFă HVWH
FRQHFWDWHFXIRUĠHOHGHVIăúXUDWHSHQWUXvQGHSOLQLUHD FRPSXV GLQ GRXă VXEVLVWHPH GH FRPXQLFDĠLL úL
PLVLXQLL 8Q PRGHO VLPSOLILFDW DO VLVWHPXOXL & ,65 LQIRUPDWLF
HVWHSUH]HQWDWvQILJXUDXUPăWRDUH 6XEVLVWHPXO GH FRPXQLFDĠLL UHSUH]LQWă
6LVWHPXO GH FRPDQGă úL FRQWURO ± & DO DQVDPEOXO FHQWUHORU úL OLQLLORU GH FRPXQLFDĠLL
)RUĠHORU 7HUHVWUH UHSUH]LQWă XQ DQVDPEOX GH WUDQVPLVLXQL FX HOHPHQWHOH WHKQLFH ORJLFH úL GH
HFKLSDPHQWH PHWRGH SURFHGXUL úL SHUVRQDO FDUH PDQDJHPHQW DYkQG GLYHUVH GHVWLQDĠLL vPSUHXQă FX
SHUPLWHFRPDQGDQĠLORUúLVWDWHORUPDMRUHVăH[HUFLWH WHUPLQDOHOH DVRFLDWH GLIHULWHORU WLSXUL GH FDQDOH
FRPDQGD úL FRQWUROXO 6LVWHPXO & VSULMLQă LQWHUFRQHFWDWHvQIXQFĠLHGHPLVLXQLOHORFXOúLWLPSXO
FRPDQGDQWXOvQvQGHSOLQLUHDDFHOSXĠLQWUHLIXQFĠLL GH UHDOL]DUH RUJDQL]DWH úL LQVWDODWH vQWUR VWUXFWXUă
D FUHDUHD PHQĠLQHUHD úL LQWHUSUHWDUHD GHWHUPLQDWă SHQWUX vQGHSOLQLUHD IXQFĠLLORU GH
FRUHFWăDLPDJLQLLRSHUDĠLRQDOHFRPXQH FRPDQGă úL FRQWURO D VWUXFWXULORU ,65 $FHVWD HVWH
ù7,,1ğĂ0,/,7$5Ă
&RPDQGDúLFRQWUROXO,65WUHEXLHVăDVLJXUH EVSHFLDOL]DUHDIXQFĠLLORU
XQ PDQDJHPHQW GLQDPLF DO VHQ]RULORU SHQWUX D FRUJDQL]DUHDED]HLGHGDWHúLFRODĠLRQDUHD
UăVSXQGHXQXLPHGLXGHFRQIUXQWDUHGHVVFKLPEăWRU LQIRUPDĠLLORU
6WUXFWXULOH GH FRPDQGă úL FRQWURO H[LVWHQWH VXQW GSURFHVDUHDLQIRUPDĠLLORU
L H U D U K L F H ú L U L J L G H Ì Q F R Q V H F L Q Ġ ă U H O D Ġ L L O H H GLVHPLQDUHD LQIRUPDĠLLORU FăWUH &HOXOD
FRUHVSXQ]ăWRDUH VXQW OHQWH SDUFXUJ XQ ODQĠ GH SHQWUXFRRUGRQDUHDWXWXURUVXUVHORUGHLQIRUPDĠLL$OO
FRPDQGăOXQJúLvQDQXPLWHVLWXDĠLLGHYLQLQHILFLHQWH 6RXUFHV,QWHOOLJHQFH&HOO±$6,&FHVHRUJDQL]HD]ăúL
0DQDJHULL GH FXOHJHUH SHQWUX RUJDQL]DĠLL úL IXQFĠLRQHD]ăODQLYHOXOVWUXFWXULORUVSULMLQLWH
PDQDJHULL ,65 ± SHQWUX PLMORDFHOH VSHFLILFH SRW &RPSRQHQĠD $6,& YD IL GLYHUVLILFDWă vQ
GHSăúL DFHVWH OLPLWăUL SULQ SURFHVH FRODERUDWLYH FRQIRUPLWDWH FX UHVXUVHOH GHVIăúXUDWH úL SRDWH
IOH[LELOHÌQDFHVWHFD]XUL&VHUHIHUăPDLSXĠLQOD LQFOXGH VSHFLDOLúWL GLQ GRPHQLLOH +80,17 ,0,17
DXWRULWDWHúLPDLPXOWODSURFHVHOHFRODERUDWLYHSHQWUX 6,*,17 0$6,17 26,17 &HUFHWDUH )RUĠH SHQWUX
FRQGXFHUHD RSHUDĠLLORU &RPDQGDQĠLL QX YRU SLHUGH RSHUDĠLLVSHFLDOH
DXWRULWDWHDDVXSUDPLMORDFHORUORUvQVăSULQFRODERUDUH ,QWHJUDUHD FHORU SDWUX HWDSH DOH FLFOXOXL
YRUSXWHDVăVHDVLJXUHFăHOHVXQWIRORVLWHvQFHOPDL LQIRUPDĠLRQDO vQ FDGUXO $6,& SHUPLWH R UHODĠLRQDUH
HILFLHQWPRG3HQWUXDFWXDOL]DUHDSHUPDQHQWăD&23 DGHFYDWă vQWUH VWUXFWXUD HWHURJHQă GH VHQ]RUL
úL 6$ YRU DFĠLRQD DVWIHO PLMORDFHOH ,65 GLQ WRDWă VLVWHPXO GH UHSDUWL]DUH D PLVLXQLORU IXQFĠLD GH
JUXSDUHD GH IRUĠH 3URFHVHOH ,65 úL & QHFHVLWă SURFHVDUHúLFHDGHGLVHPLQDUH
LQVWUXPHQWH GH FRODERUDUH úL PDQDJHPHQW FDUH Vă 5ROXO 60& HVWH GH D H[HUFLWD FRPDQGD úL
SHUPLWă LQWHJUDUHD PDQDJHPHQWXOXL LQIRUPDĠLLORU FRQWUROXO DVXSUD VHQ]RULORU vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX
SODQLILFDUHDúLH[HFXWDUHDRSHUDĠLLORU FHULQĠHOH3ODQXOXLGHFXOHJHUHDLQIRUPDĠLLORUúLGHD
&RQFHSWXO GH RSHUDĠLL ,65 VH ED]HD]ă SH DQWLFLSDFHULQĠHYLLWRDUHGHFXOHJHUHDOHVWUXFWXULLGH
H[LVWHQĠDDWUHLFRPSRQHQWHIXQFĠLRQDOHSULQFLSDOHvQ LQIRUPDĠLL SHQWUX R PDQHYUă HILFLHQWă úL RSRUWXQă D
FDGUXOVXEVLVWHPXOXLGHFRQGXFHUH VHQ]RULORU ÌQWUXFkW ,65 HVWH SUDFWLF XQ ÄVLVWHP GH
DFHOXODSHQWUXFRRUGRQDUHDWXWXURUVXUVHORU VLVWHPH´60&MRDFăXQUROLPSRUWDQWvQIXQFĠLRQDUHD
GH LQIRUPDĠLL$OO 6RXUFHV ,QWHOOLJHQFH &HOO$6,& DQVDPEOXOXL GH VHQ]RUL 0XOĠL GLQWUH DFHúWLD VXQW
0RGXOXOGHSODQLILFDUHúLFRQGXFHUHDFĠLXQL,65 RUJDQL]DĠLvQVWUXFWXULLQWHJUDWHFXFDSDELOLWăĠLSURSULL
E FHOXOD SHQWUX PDQDJHPHQWXO VHQ]RULORU G H P D Q D J H P H Q W v Q W L P S F H D O Ġ L L Q H F H V L W ă
6HQVRUV 0DQDJHPHQW &HOO60&0RGXOXO SHQWUX PDQDJHPHQWXO GLUHFW GH OD DFHDVWă FHOXOă 5ROXO HL
IX]LXQHDDQDOL]DúLGLVHPLQDUHDLQIRUPDĠLLORU HVWH GH D LQWHJUD OXFUXO WXWXURU VHQ]RULORU SHQWUX FD
F FHOXOD SHQWUX LGHQWLILFDUHD VHOHFWDUHD úL DFWLYLWDWHDGHFXOHJHUHVăXUPH]HFHOHSDWUXSULQFLSLL
FRPEDWHUHDĠLQWHORU7DUJHWLQJ&HOO7*7 GHED]ă
$6,&úL60&UHSUH]LQWăFKHLDFRQFHSWXOXLGH D LGHQWLILFDUHD WLPSXULH D FHULQĠHORU GH
RSHUDUH,65úLDVLJXUă FXOHJHUH ± SHQWUX D DVLJXUD vQGHSOLQLUHD OD WLPS D
D FRRUGRQDUHD FXOHJHULL úL PDQDJHPHQWXO PLVLXQLORU
FHULQĠHORUGHLQIRUPDĠLL EVWDELOLUHDRUGLQLLGHSULRULWăĠLDFHULQĠHORU±
ù7,,1ğĂ0,/,7$5Ă
FRQILJXUDĠLL LGHQWLFH úL UXOHD]ă DSOLFDĠLL VRIWZDUH DFHVWRUD úL SULQ FUHDUHD XQHL LPDJLQL FRPXQH D
VLPLODUH5HĠHDXDGHFRPXQLFDĠLLGHVSULMLQ,65HVWH SRVLELOHLDPHQLQĠăULSHQWUXIRUĠHOHSURSULL,PSRUWDQĠD
VHSDUDWă GH 5HĠHDXD GH &RPXQLFDĠLL GH VSULMLQ D ILHFăUHL LQIRUPDĠLL REĠLQXWH SULQ +80,17 6,*,17
3XQFWHORUGH&RPDQGă (:,0,170$6,17VDXFHUFHWDUHFUHúWHH[SRQHQĠLDO
6FKLPEXOGHLQIRUPDĠLLGLQWUHVXEFHQWUXO&,6 FkQGHVWHYDORULILFDWăRSRUWXQvQWURLPDJLQHFRPXQă
,65 úL FHQWUHOH &,6 DOH 3XQFWHORU GH FRPDQGă &RQFHSWXO SULYLQG FDSDFLWăĠLOH 1$72 SHQWUX
FRUHVSXQ]ăWRDUHVHSRDWHIDFHSULQGRXăPHWRGH VXEVLVWHPHOH GH FRPXQLFDĠLL úL LQIRUPDWLFă
PHFDQLVPHGHUHSOLFDUHDXWRPDWăDED]HORU &RPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6\VWHPV &,6
GH GDWH vQWUH VLVWHPH FDUH SUHVXSXQH XWLOL]DUHD GLVORFDELOH VWDELOHúWH XQ VHW GH FDUDFWHULVWLFL SHQWUX
IRUPDWHORUVWDQGDUGSHQWUXED]HOHGHGDWH0,3úLD PLMORDFHOH QHFHVDUH XQHL JUXSăUL GH IRUĠH vQWUR
PHFDQLVPHORU GH UHSOLFDUH DXWRPDWă D ED]HORU GH RSHUDĠLH DYkQG vQ YHGHUH FDSDFLWDWHD UDSLGă GH
GDWH0,3'(0 GLVORFDUH FX FRVWXUL FkW PDL UHGXVH PDQDJHPHQW
XWLOL]DUHD XQRU LQWHUIHĠH GH OHJăWXUă SUHFLV FHQWUDOL]DWFRQILJXUDUHVLPSOăúLVXVWHQDELOăvQWUXQ
GHILQLWH PHGLX FDUH VROLFLWă GLVSXQHUHD SH YHKLFXOH vQ
&RPDQGDQWXOIRORVHúWHLQIRUPDĠLLOHFDVSULMLQ FRQWDLQHUHWUDLOHUHDVRFLDWHúLIRORVLUHDXQRUVLVWHPH
vQHODERUDUHDGHFL]LHLúLSHQWUXDFRRUGRQDDFĠLXQLOH GH DOLPHQWDUH HOHFWULFă WUDQVSRUWDELOH 3UHYHGHULOH
GH SXQHUH vQ DSOLFDUH D LQWHQĠLHL FRPDQGDQWXOXL VWLSXODWHvQDFHVWFRQFHSWDXFDUDFWHULPSHUDWLYúLVH
HúDORQXOXL VXSHULRU &X LQIRUPDĠLL FRQFLVH H[DFWH UHIHUăODXUPăWRDUHOHFDUDFWHULVWLFLDOHPLMORDFHORUGLQ
RSRUWXQH úL UHOHYDQWH XQLWDWHD GH HIRUW HVWH FRPSXQHUHDVLVWHPHORU&,65
vPEXQăWăĠLWă LDU QHVLJXUDQĠDLQFHUWLWXGLQHD HVWH D FRQIRUPLWDWH úL FRHUHQĠă FX DUKLWHFWXULOH
UHGXVă SHUPLĠkQG IRUĠHORU Vă H[SORDWH]H RFD]LLOH GH UHIHULQĠă 1$72 FX DSOLFDUHD FRQFHSWHORU úL
DYDQWDMRDVHúLVăOXSWHPDLLQWHOLJHQW SURILOHORUGHVWDQGDUGHUHOHYDQWH
3ULQFLSDOHOH PLVLXQL DOH VLVWHPHORU & ,65 E FRQIRUPLWDWH FX UHJOHPHQWăULOH úL
VXQWREĠLQHUHDLQIRUPDĠLLORUFULWLFHúLUHOHYDQWHvQORFXO VWDQGDUGHOHGHVHFXULWDWH1$72PDLSXĠLQvQVLWXDĠLD
úLODPRPHQWXOGHWLPSVWDELOLWSUHOXFUDUHDDFHVWRUDvQ vQFDUHvQPRGVSHFLILFH[LVWăRDSUREDUHRILFLDOăGH
VFRSXODVLJXUăULLFDSDFLWăĠLLIRUĠHORUGHDGLVSXQHGH H[FHSWDUH
vQĠHOHJHUHD FRPXQă D VSDĠLXOXL GH OXSWă DYkQG OD F Vă ILH GLPHQVLRQDWH FRQILJXUDWH úL
ED]ăDFHHDúLLPDJLQHRSHUDĠLRQDOă FDUHVăSHUPLWă VXILFLHQW ULJLGL]DWH SHQWUX D SXWHD IL WUDQVSRUWDWH
IXQGDPHQWDUHD FRUHFWă D GHFL]LHL FRPDQGDQWXOXL úL DHULDQSHFDOHDIHUDWăSHSODWIRUPHUXWLHUHVDXSH
IUXFWLILFDUHD DYDQWDMHORU vQ vQGHSOLQLUHD RELHFWLYHORU PDUHFRQWDLQHUL]DWVDXvQOă]LUDFNXULULJLGL]DWH
VWDELOLWH G VăvQGHSOLQHDVFăFHULQĠHOHGHRSHUDUHvQ
$ V W I H O R E L H F W L Y H O H V S H F L I L F H S H Q W U X WRDWHFRQGLĠLLOHGHPHGLX
vQGHSOLQLUHDPLVLXQLORUVLVWHPXOXL&,65FRQVWDXvQ H VăILHSURLHFWDWHPRGXODUSHQWUXDDVLJXUD
DUHDOL]DUHDXQLWăĠLLGHHIRUW±VLVWHPXOWUHEXLH LQWHUVFKLPEDELOLWDWHD HFKLSDPHQWHORU H[WLQGHUHD
Vă DMXWH IRUĠHOH OXSWăWRDUH úL HOHPHQWHOH FDUH OH VLVWHPHORUUHFRQILJXUDUHDúLGH]YROWDUHDXOWHULRDUăD
VSULMLQăVăFRPELQHLGHLOHúLSHUFHSĠLLOHFRPDQGDQĠLORU DFHVWRUD
úL OXSWăWRULORU úL Vă SHUPLWă DFFHVXO OD RSLQLLOH I Vă ILH PRELOH WHUHVWUX GLPHQVLRQDWH vQ
H[SHUĠLORUSHQWUXRULFHIHOGHPLVLXQH UDSRUWFXLQWHQĠLDGHXWLOL]DUHDHFKLSDPHQWHORU
E H[SORDWDUHD vQ WRWDOLWDWH D FDSDFLWăĠLORU J VăILHFDSDELOHSHQWUXGLVORFDUHvQVFHQDULL
IRUĠHORUODGLVSR]LĠLH±VLVWHPXOWUHEXLHVăUHSUH]LQWHR PDULWLPHDWXQFLFkQGHVWHQHFHVDU
H[WHQVLHDVLPĠXULORUúLSURFHVHORUXPDQHSHQWUXDIL K Vă LQFOXGă JHQHUDWRDUH HOHFWULFH VDX
vQ PăVXUă Vă DMXWH FRPDQGDQĠLL Vă SHUFHDSă Vă VXUVH QHvQWUHUXSWLELOH GLPHQVLRQDWH vQ UDSRUW FX
HODERUH]HGHFL]LLúLVăUHDFĠLRQH]HRSRUWXQvQVFRSXO LQWHQĠLDGHXWLOL]DUHDHFKLSDPHQWHORU
GHDILHILFLHQĠLSHWLPSXOXQRURSHUDĠLLGHVIăúXUDWHvQWU L VăVXIHUHRGHJUDGDUHPLQLPăDVHUYLFLLORU
XQULWPUDSLG vQWUXQ PHGLX HOHFWURQLF RVWLO VDX vQ HYHQWXDOLWDWHD
F UHDFĠLD UDSLGă OD LQIRUPDĠLLOH FULWLFH ± XQRUSUREOHPHGHFRPSDWLELOLWDWHHOHFWURPDJQHWLFă
UHSUH]LQWă FDSDFLWDWHD VLVWHPXOXL GH D UăVSXQGH M VăRSHUH]HvQWUXQPHGLXvQFDUHQXSRDWH
RSRUWXQ OD VROLFLWăULOH GH LQIRUPDĠLL GH D GLVWULEXL úL IL H[FOXVă FRQWDPLQDUHD ELRORJLFă úL FKLPLFă
DVLJXUDDFHVWHLQIRUPDĠLLDFRORXQGHVXQWQHFHVDUH LQFOX]kQGSRVLELOHDFFLGHQWHLQGXVWULDOHVDXFKLPLFH
G IX]LXQHD úL GLVHPLQDUHD LQIRUPDĠLLORU ± N Vă RSHUH]H vQ FRQGLĠLL VHYHUH GH YUHPH
DFHVW SURFHV XUPăUHúWH REĠLQHUHD XQHL LPDJLQL vQWURJDPăGHWHPSHUDWXUăGHOD&OD&
FRUHFWHDVXSUDVSDĠLXOXLGHOXSWăFDUHVăUăVSXQGă O Vă DVLJXUH VXVĠLQHUHD RSHUDĠLLORU R
QHYRLORU OXSWăWRUXOXL SXQHUHD OD GLVSR]LĠLH D XQRU SHULRDGăPLQLPăGHDQL
LQIRUPDĠLLFRQFLVHUHOHYDQWHFRUHFWHúLRSRUWXQHFDUH P VăSRDWăILGHPRQWDWHXúRUGLQFRQWDLQHUH
Vă SHUPLWă IRUĠHORU Vă DFĠLRQH]H RUJDQL]DW Vă úLUHLQVWDODWHvQFOăGLULSHQDYHvQDOWHDPSODVDPHQWH
H[SORDWH]HRSRUWXQLWăĠLOHFDUHDSDUúLVăGHVIăúRDUH RFD]LRQDOHVDXvQFRUWXUL
DFĠLXQLGHRPDQLHUăLQWHOLJHQWă ,QIRUPDĠLLOHYHKLFXODWHvQFDGUXOVLVWHPHORU&
)X]LXQHD úL GLVHPLQDUHD LQIRUPDĠLLORU VH ,65FRQVWLWXLHIOX[XULLQIRUPDĠLRQDOHVSHFLILFHFDUHVH
UHDOL]HD]ăSULQFXOHJHUHDGDWHORUGHODWRDWHVXUVHOH UHDOL]HD]ă vQ FDGUXO VLVWHPHORU FRPSRQHQWH úL
,65 DYXWH OD GLVSR]LĠLH SULQ SUHOXFUDUHD UDSLGă D XUPăUHVFGDUQXVHOLPLWHD]ăOD
ù7,,1ğĂ0,/,7$5Ă