L-­1:  Water  and  Wastewater  

Management  
River  Yamuna

Earlier

Present
A  Brief  Overview  of  Delhi
Topographically:
Basin
Delhi  h as  Aravali  ridge  o n  its  west  and  Yamuna  b asin  o n  its
east  thereby  p roviding  a  d ownward  slope

The  topography  creates  a  n atural  d rainage  system  that  carries

rain  and  storm  water  from  the  h igher  elevations  o f  the  west  to Ridge
the  Yamuna  River.

The  eastern  low-­lying  side  o f  Delhi  was  o riginally  p art  o f  the

flood  p lain  o f  the  River  Yamuna  and  considered  u ninhabitable.
Today,  h owever,  this  eastern  p art,  known  as  the  trans-­Yamuna
area,  h ouses  about  20%  o f  the  total  p opulation  o f  Delhi.
Drainage  System  of  Yamuna  
in  Delhi
Status  of
Storm  water  Drains  

The  open  storm  water  channels  or  ‘Nalas’ as  they  are  referred  to,  carry  all  
excess  storm  water  runoff  from  the  city  to  the  river.  

During  the  non-­monsoon  seasons,  the  Nalas  presently  carry  untreated  

domestic  waste  – which  makes  them  foul  smelling  and  dirty.  

The  city  also  dumps  some  solid  wastes  into  these  uncared  for  wasted  
spaces,  which  further  compounds  the  problem.  
About  80-­90%  of  water  
used  by  community  
becomes  wastewater,  
which  unless  properly  
collected,  conveyed,  
treated  and  properly  
disposed  off,  may  
eventually  pollute  our  
precious  water  
resources  and  cause  
environmental  
degradation.
Wastewater  Drains  
as  Greenways  

• Storm-­water  and  
sewage  are  potentially  
valuable  resource  
natural  resource  that  
should  be  used  to  
replenish  our  aquifers,  
rivers,  streams  and  
lakes  as  well  as  other  
on-­site  beneficial  uses  
instead  of  being  
quickly  discharged  as  
a  waste.  
Understanding  the  Water  Pollution  Problem
What  are  the  sources  of  pollution?

Domestic
Industrial
Institutional
..
..

Quantity  and  Characteristics?  

Average,  Minimum,  Maximum;;  

Daily,  Weekly  and  Seasonal  variations
 Wastewater  Quality  
Monitoring

Grab  samples  were  collected  for  

wastewater  quality  monitoring  from
the  following  locations:

1.  At  Satpula
2.  At  Sheikh  Sarai
3.  At  Andrews  Ganj
4.  At  Defense  Colony
5.  At  (Lajpat  Nagar  Drain  
&  Sunehri  Drain)
 Typical  Wastewater  Analysis  Results
S.No Parameter  # Sampling  Site

A B C D E F G H
1 pH 7.18 7.24 6.97 7.22 7.39 7.30 7.27 7.29
2 Total  Solids 11570.0 9212.0 11410.0 37490.0 14492.0 12065.0 15220.0 7998.0
3 Total   4530.0 6362.0 8780.0 6180.0 8652.0 7565.0 6980.0 3788.0
Dissolved  
Solids  
4 Total   7040.0 2850.0 2630.0 31310.0 5840.0 4500.0 8240.0 4210.0
Suspended  
Solids
5 Oil   &  Grease   83.6 66.8 73.6 79.4 31.6 71.2 63.6 68.0
6 Sulphate 131.81 112.43 73.92 105.00 111.39 139.79 128.22 134.18
7 Ammoniacal   31.93 42.02 39.78 20.64 60.51 50.42 59.95 45.38
Nitrogen
8 BOD 380.0 150.0 240.0 230.0 170.0 220.0 70.0 160.0
9 COD 650.0 470.0 330.0 440.0 360.0 360.0 150.0 470.0

#  All  the  parameters  are  measured  in  mg/l,  except  pH.

 Tertiary
Storm-­water
Flow
Locational  Issues
Drains  Carry
Primary  
Storm-­water
Secondary Flow
Storm-­water M
Flow
A
Monsoon  flow Non-­Monsoon  flow
I
(Storm  Water)
N
Non-­monsoon  
flow  (Wastewater)

Storm  Water   Waste  Water

Management Treatment  
D Techniques
R
A
I Pollution

N
Storm  water
treatment  
measures
 Natural Purification through
Continuous Pool-refill and Filtration System
 An  Overview  Of  Conventional  
Raw  Wastewater  Influent Wastewater  Treatment  System
Screens
Preliminary  Treatment
(Removal  o f  Solids)
Grit
Chamber
Primary  Treatment
Preliminary  Residuals (Removal  o f  SS)
(e.g.  g rit,  rags,  etc.)  
Primary  Settling  Tank
Secondary  Treatment
Biological
Primary  Sludge Treatment (Attached  Growth  System)
For System
Disposal
Tertiary  Treatment
Wetland (Constructed  Wetland)

Disinfection  (selective)

Treated  Wastewater  Effluent

Discharge  to  receiving  Rivers
Constructed  
Wetland
 Before

After
Before

After