ELECTRÓNICA DE POTENCIA

CARMELO LOBO DE LA SERNA

CURSO 2013-2014
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4 3 0 & > <9 = ':
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6 "& " " "& & & '
: & $" ! & & & <? = '

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* $" & # '1
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4 "& " " "& & & 16
6 & $" ! & & & <? = 4:
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* 1 "& " " "& & & :4
* 4 "! ! " $" :4

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* "# $" "+ # " # @#
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' "& & + ! "! <C "! = 4

' "& & + ! ! # D ; <C! # D ; = 6
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#
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# 0 & & $" & 0& ! #

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 D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
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# &/ ! # ! # ! ! # # /" " ! # # 3 "&

D1
2 1

D2
2 1

D
Dq
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"& ! "# " & "! & / " # ! ! A D & 2 /" ! # /# 3 # + " A "& !
"# " # % "# $" ! " ! /# 3 # +
300V

0V

*
-300V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(I1:+,I1:-)
Time
 -% " ! & "! && $" & " " < = ! ! ! & "! & ! " " /"% JKD

"! & "! & A # 2 D # ! # "# " #A # ! # ! ! # # /"

; D ! #2 D

= − <: 3 # > " 3 ! & "! &

L
= − <: 3 # > D " 3 ! & "! &

" & % # & "! & "! & "! ! A & " + <3 7 3 =

V1 − E V0 • senwt − E
iL = =
R R

! ! # " " " ! && " A % & " #$ 3 ! & & " " # " ! A #
! & # /# 3 # + ! # "# " # " #3 & "! & /& "! A >

-% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " < = ! ! ! & "! & ! " " /"% "0
JKD
300V

0V

*
-300V
0s 25ms
V(U1:P11,U1:P12) V(U1:P21,U1:P22) V(U1:P31,U1:P32) V(E:+,R:1) V(E:+,E:-)
Time

"#$%&'(")'$*+ #/0'&-
."

# /" ! # ! # ! ! # # /" " ! # # 3 "&

D1
1 2

D2
1 2

D Dq
1 2

" & ! "# " & "! & / " # ! ! A D & 2 &/ ! # /# " % + " A "
& ! "# " # % "# $" ! " ! /# " % +

*
 300V

0V

*
-300V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S12,U1:S11) V(U1:S22,U1:S21) V(U1:S32,U1:S31) V(I1:-,I1:+)
Time

-% " ! & "! && $" & " " < = ! ! ! & "! & ! " " /"% JKD

'1
")$/(-
"(/ 1
'&/#+-
2# /#&)/0'(''1
'3')0'
300V

* /F

.
"

0V

*
-300V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(I1:+,I1:-)
Time

# # "# " # ! " ! # /" ! #0 # ! # " # JKDA & ! ! ! & "! & ! " JKD "
" ## ! * 0 # # # "# " # # /" ! #0 # ! # " # JK*A & ! ! ! & "! & ! "
JK*

0 %" 3 D0 # #

"# $" & 0& ! # /& "# ! 3 D0 % " #! # " ! 3 3 !

π π π π π
− < < + & "! & 2# # & %" V L = V0 ⋅ cos wt

+ ! ! "# $" #

'
 π
π
= ⋅ ⋅& # = ⋅ ⋅ & & $" + ! #$ 3
π −π
:
π
:

'3&")(/ )-
4'("

& ! ! ! "# $" " %! & % # ! 3 + ! 0 & ! (! 2 # 3 !

! 0" &

π
: − : ⋅& #
−
= =
⋅ π
⋅ ⋅ : ⋅
π

D "

0 & 3# + ? !# " 2 " " 0 & ! (! ; 7 # # /" & .

"
& 0& ! # 0/# & #A 3 ! "! # 5 F 0/# & #A ! ! & 0/# & #

0 & " % + 0 & ! ( & $" ! # & "! !# " 2 3 "& 3 " !
"#0 ! " 2 "& & "# & $"

)$2#-
3"+

& "# ! # %" " "# " D # M # + /F A 0 "& $" # 3 2

# 3 # " - " # "& #

# "! 3

=∞
< == + ⋅& #< ⋅ ⋅ =
=

≡
?D 3 !! $" &
⋅ ≡ "N ! ! "! $" &
D ≡ "N ! 0 # #
? ≡ "E " < A A *A LA O=

" " && ! "# $" ! !A "! & 0& ! 3 # " D && # # " ! # !
3 $" & D 3 & " & % "! / " 0 & "& D +& # ! !

0/# & # ?P A 3 $" & # & A # % "! $" & # # F AL

π
⋅ ⋅ π
= ⋅ ⋅& # ⋅& #< ⋅ ⋅ = = :
⋅ <− = ⋅
π :
:
π ⋅< ⋅ − =

π
" # + /F ! & ! $" & ! /#A = ⋅ : ⋅ A# # 2 "! " ?D
π
⋅
= ⋅ <− =
⋅ −

⋅
;# =
⋅ −

!! D " 0 & "& ! $" & A 3 ! ! -# !# " 2

)
 3 $" & # /# 3 ; / & 3 # " & $" 3 # $" & ! 2
3 !2 /# 3 $F & 3" " ! # !

/#+-
2# -
#./)+'/# 1
"+ (-
"("+

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3 ! "# " # # & "! & # ! D & "! /F # 2 D ! "
! ! # ! ; /& " & + # "#

"! " ! ! & "! & ≈ A)

&/& ! /F # 3 ! 5& 3 # - ! # " .& A % /0 & 2 + &

5&"("'#'1
6&-
3"

D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
1 2 1 2 2 1

* *
D3
1 2 1 2 2 1

"# $" "+ # D # 3 # # & #+ " A *ALA DA /F 2 # +

/F A& #3 "! + /F ! # #!0 "& #

= −

D #3 A 0 # /# 7 ! # +

+ +*
D # 3 A 0 # /# 7 ! # $ A F# "! # /F

D #3 < 7 ## 5 F 0/# & =

= − = : ⋅ − : ⋅ < − π= = ⋅ : ⋅
+

= ⋅ :

D # 3 < 7 # 0/# & =

π π π
= − = : ⋅ − : ⋅ −π + = ⋅ : ⋅& # ⋅ +
+

π
= ⋅ : ⋅& #

,
 π
& # ≡0 & ! & "# + & $"A 3 # ! & /F

D # 3 A #! ! ## 3 " " /F "0 D # 3 "& "! D # 3

5&"("0)*7
-3"

= −

3 ! ;# + & " " & $" D # D # 3 52 ! # /F # "

400V

0V
*

*
-400V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(I1:+,I1:-)
200V

0V

π
= ⋅ : ⋅& #

SEL>>
-400V
0s 25ms
V(D1:A,D1:K)
Time

5&"("./3&")-
'1

= −

D # 3

α ≡3 # /"% "#& " " & & "0 "& #

Q ! /"% & " β D ; & # &
α =π

π
= : ⋅& #

π
/F = ⋅ : ⋅& #
*

β =π

1
 ! #&/#+-
('(/+ 87
'3&")(/ ,"&/#3-
'(/1+/3%#(')-
"(/1&)'#+7
")$'(")

! ')
0'7
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/#&/ 3"#+&'#&/

D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
1 2 1 2 2 1

* D3 *
1 2 1 2 2 1

I0

-% " ! & "! && $" # 3 #& " " < =

300V

0V

-300V *
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(I1:+,I1:-)
Time

60A

0A
I(I1)
60A

SEL>>
0A
0s 25ms
I(D1)
4 Time
 & D + " & "! & "! &

V1
D1
2 1

I0

" ! " & %

= :

" 7 # "# " & "# " A & ! ! ! 3 3# ! ! " JKD +

! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

= = :

= :

0 " # " ! ! & " 2 # ! & $"A 5 & D ( & $" ! # & "! !
"#0 ! # ;7

" "#0 ! & 2 # & "! ! #3 "% ! D 0 # #

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ < =⋅ < =
π θ

" & # & "& ! & " & "# "

300V 140A
1 2

0V 0A

R R

>>
-300V -140A
0s 20ms
1 V(U1:S11,U1:S12) 2 I(D1)
Time

6
 "& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ :
⋅ :
= ⋅ : ⋅ :
π
= ⋅ : = :
π :

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

π +π
π
= ⋅ : ⋅ : ⋅ = ⋅ : ⋅ : ⋅
π π −π π

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

⋅ π
# &= = <
π

0 # &S A # & "! " # (! "

+ /F ! # 0 "& $" ! 3 "! ! DA & " 3 & ! ! ! D D # "E

"

D * , 4
0 # & :A,*, :A,1) :A)): :A':: :A**

" " # F3 &$ D # D " A 0 & ! (! 7 A 3 0 # &

;7 ! ; ; #& " D ; " ;# 3 07 D

; # ! ! & D " & 0& ! ! DP T " # / (! 3 D " 3

0 # & 20 & ! (!

U" # & $" # # & 0& ! # 0/# & # & 3 ! # " 3 ! " ; ;" !
;# & $"A 2 D ! # 0 # ; " " & % " "# $" & " 0 & ! (! A
& #3 "! " " & 0 & ! 5 F 0/# & A " #D 0 # & # & #3 "! "
" & 0& ! 0/# &

:
 ! ')
0'29$-
3',%)'

D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
1 2 1 2 2 1

* *
D3
1 2 1 2 2 1

-% " ! & "! && $" # 3 #& " " < =

300V

0V

*
-300V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(I1:+,I1:-)
Time
50A

0A
-I(R)
50A

SEL>>
0A
0s 25ms
I(D1)
Time
 & D + " & "! & "! &

V1
D1
2 1

π
& %" 3 &/& ! & " #20 # &

" " & %

= = :
⋅& #

" ! " & %

π
= ⋅ :
⋅& #
π −π

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

π
= ⋅ :
⋅& # =
π −π

= :

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
π
= ⋅ :
⋅& #
π −π

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

π
= ⋅ :
⋅& # ⋅ : ⋅& #
π −π

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=
 ! ')
0'

D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
1 2 1 2 2 1

* *
D3
1 2 1 2 2 1

E
R

& D + " & "! & "! &

V1
D1
2 1

E
R

" " & %

− ⋅ −
= = :

⋅ −
= :
>: "! & $" 3 D & "! (&

! 5; ! ## & " #

π
< : ⋅& # < -% " ! & "! && $" & " " =

π
> : ⋅& # < -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " =

*
 & $" < -% " ! & "! && $" & " " =

300V

0V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(E:+,R:1) V(E:+,E:-)
40A
*

0A
I(E)
40A

SEL>>
0A
0s 25ms
I(D1)
Time
: :

π )π
! # . # θ = T θ = & # ! DP*
, ,

& $" < -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " =

300V

0V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(E:+,R:1) V(E:+,E:-)
15A
*

0A
I(E)
15A

SEL>>
0A
0s 25ms
I(D1) : : Time

! # . # θ = ! T θ = π −θ
:

'
 " ! " & %

θ ⋅ −
= ⋅ :
π θ
*

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ ⋅ −
= ⋅ :
=
π θ *

−
= :

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
θ ⋅ −
= ⋅ :
π θ

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ ⋅ −
= ⋅ :
⋅ : ⋅
π θ

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

)
 ! ')
0'

D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
1 2 1 2 2 1

* *
D3
1 2 1 2 2 1

R L
1 2

-% " ! & "! && $" # 3 #& " " < =

300V

0V

*
-300V
20ms 25ms 45ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(L:2,R:1)
Time
40A

SEL>>
0A
-I(L)
40A

0A
20ms 25ms 45ms
I(D1)
: : Time

,
 & D + " & "! & "! &
V1
D1
2 1

R L
1 2

" " & %

: ⋅ = ⋅ + ⋅ < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =

− < −θ = π
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ + <θ = =
,

/& ! 0 <# & $" " -% "3 " " =

V1

# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ < = ): $% ≡ 0 !=

V 7W
0
" = +#
R L X
1 2 " =" ϕ
#
ϕ = !&

= = :
⋅ ( − ϕ)
" "

" " & %

− −θ =
( − ϕ)
<
= ⋅ + :
⋅
"

/& ! 3 =θ = :

: = + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) = : − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ)
" "

" " & %

− −θ =
(θ − ϕ) ⋅ ( − ϕ)
<
= : − :
⋅ + :
⋅
" "

)π
/& ! : 3 =θ = : <θ = =
,

− <θ −θ =
: = : − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) ⋅ + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ)
" "

1
 " ! " & %

θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ
*

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ
= ⋅ < = =
π θ *

=: R* = <θ* =

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ < =⋅ : ⋅
π θ

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

4
 !! ')
0'

D1
1 2 1 2 2 1

D2
1 2 1 2 2 1

* *
D3
1 2 1 2 2 1

E
R L
1 2

& D + " & "! & "! &

V1
D1
2 1

E
R L
1 2

" " & %

: ⋅ = ⋅ + ⋅ + < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =

− < −θ =
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ +

/& ! 0 <# & $" " -% "3 " " =

V1 V1
0

≡ G
E E
R L R L R L
1 2 1 2 1 2

& &

# + "! 3 # 3 3 # & $" = +

&
# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ < = ): $% =

V 7W
" = +# = = :
⋅ ( − ϕ)
X " "
" =" ϕ
#
ϕ = !&

6
 &
# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ =: 3 D = : $%

=−

= :
⋅ ( − ϕ) −
"

" " & %

− −θ =
( − ϕ) −
<
= ⋅ + :
⋅
"

/& ! 3 =θ ! &

π
< : ⋅& # =θ = :

300V

0V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(E:+,R:1) V(E:+,E:-)
30A

0A
I(E)
30A

SEL>>
0A
20ms 25ms 45ms
I(D1)
Time
: :

3 # & $" = : < =

π
> : ⋅& # $ =θ

3 # & $" =: < =

π
# 3 # & $" ! 3 "! ! 3 $F D # + ! : ⋅& # 2! & #X! & %

:
 3 # & $" = : < =

300V

SEL>>
0V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(E:+,R:1) V(E:+,E:-)
10A

0A
I(E)
10A

0A
20ms 25ms 45ms
I(D1)
: : Time

π
/& ! 3 =θ = : <θ = =
,

: = + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) − = : − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) +
" "

" " & %

− −θ =
(θ − ϕ) + ( − ϕ) −
<
= : − :
⋅ ⋅ + :
⋅
" "

)π
/& ! : 3 =θ = : <θ = =
,

− <θ −θ =
: = : − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) + ⋅ + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) −
" "

3 ; & $" ! # 3 # & $"

π
< : ⋅& # : >: < =

: >: 3 # & $" & & < =

π
> : ⋅& #

: <: 3 # & $" "& & < # A #" =

5& 3 ;
 5& 3 ;
300V

0V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(E:+,R:1) V(E:+,E:-)
10A

SEL>>
0A
I(E)
10A

0A
20ms
I(D1)
: ; 25ms : ; 45ms

Time

" " & %

: ⋅ = ⋅ + ⋅ + < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =

− < −θ Y=
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ + θ Y= !
:

/& ! 0 <# " -% 3 " " = % D " & # " A3 # # # & &

" " & %

− −θ Y=
( − ϕ) −
<
= ⋅ + :
⋅
"

E
/& ! 3 =θ Y = : A # "! θ1´= arcsen
V0
:= + :
⋅ (θ Y−ϕ ) − =− :
⋅ (θ Y−ϕ ) +
" "

" " & %

− −θ Y=
(θ Y−ϕ ) + ( − ϕ) −
<
= − :
⋅ ⋅ + :
⋅
" "

& ! R @ </"% ! "! # " = =θ Y =:

 − <θ Y −θ Y=
:= − :
⋅ (θ Y−ϕ ) + ⋅ + :
⋅ (θ Y−ϕ ) − R @
" "
" ! " & %

θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ
*

θ Y
= ⋅ < =
π θ Y
*

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ
= ⋅ < = =
π θ *

θ Y
= ⋅ < = =
π θ Y *

=: R* = <θ* =

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

θ
= ⋅ < = = ⋅ ⋅
π θ

0
θ Y
= ⋅ < =
π θ Y

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ < =⋅ : ⋅
π θ

θ Y
= ⋅ < =⋅ : ⋅
π θ Y

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

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< "#&'=
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3 " "& "+ " " ! D 0 ! "! " ## " !

" " "#0 ! # & 3 # 3 D # ! 0 # % &

⋅ = ⋅ − ⋅ Y

@ " "# " ! #!0 " #2" & & "! 0 # /"

= ⋅ = ⋅ :

"& 3 " ! 3 ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ = :
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= ⋅

"& & + ! 3 ! "#0 !

1 π N2
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"+ " "! # & " # " ! 07 ! 2 # "& " 3" ! 0 &5 !
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# = ⋅ ⋅ :
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# = #:

= *⋅ # ⋅ #
π
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* π
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3 " " #! # & & " # ( "! ! # #

"+ " "! # & " # " ! 07 ! 2 # "& " 3" ! 0 &5 !
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δ ≡ ^"% ! & ; " ! 0 # #

"! " ! ! " & # & "! && $" & " 3 - 3# ! + : " + A :
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# & & & " " & $"

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*,
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*1
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⋅

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! " & " & $" # = :
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π π π π
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& #δ

⋅
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π
: ⋅

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<δ=

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! ! 9

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+ +δ +
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π π π
+

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: π

π
= : ⋅ −

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# /" " #$ ! # # & "! & #

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L
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:
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+ + +
=

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;

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" %! & % #&

" "! #$ " & " 0 & ! # & "& #A & & .
# & ! # ! ! & 0& !
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3 ! & " " & & & 0& !

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2

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1

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V1

= ⋅ = : ⋅
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1
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D1
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⋅

π π
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⋅

a
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⋅
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/1
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& .
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3 #

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# & ! # ! !
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* +

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# & !
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& $" ! & & & 3 " & 0& ! ! & " & $" 3 ! ! "!

" & # ! & 0& ! # ! & " & $" 3 A #$ # + & "# ! &! 3
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> <I = 2 &! " # ! ! # <I* =

! 0" ( "! " "% " " %" & & .

# & ! # ! ! & 0& ! A
D + & "# ! 3 ! & & .
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& "! & " $ ! ! ## /" " ∆ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ :
π

"# $" " %! & %

π
Y= −∆ = ⋅ : ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ :
π π

"& & &

π π
:= ⋅ : ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ :
π π * + * +
⋅

⋅
! & " ! & & & = :
⋅

& $" ! & & &

⋅ :

= = ⋅ = >
π π
* + ⋅ ⋅ : ⋅
⋅

? " & " "E ! 0 # #

# & 0& ! #! & " & $" # " " " & & .
# & D # 3 F !

'*
 # / & "# ! 3 ! # & 0& ! # ! & " & $" 3 ! ! "! A " # "
& " ! /# 3 # + 2 " & " ! /# " % + " A # 0 # # !
# & "! ! & ! & 0& ! # /" & " & ! # " #

"# $" " %! & % < = # !0 "& " # "# " # # "# ! # 3 & !
& 0& !

/3&-
7-3'(") ,')'G ,')

1
D1 D2
" ! /#
2

2
3# +
PD2

Ls 1

Lp
Z

Ls 2

" ! /#
" % +
1

D3 D4
2

" & ! "# " & "! & " ! # ! ! #A " ! ! ! & " ! /# 3 # + < D & 2 /" !
# /# 3 # + = 2 ! ! ! & " ! /# " % + < D & 2 &/ ! # /#
" % +=

# & 3 # & $" ! # "# " # # "# ! #3 & ! & 0& ! = −

400V

0V

' *
-400V
0s 20ms
V(TX1:4,TX1:5) V(TX1:6,TX1:5) V(D2:K,TX1:5) V(I0:-,TX1:5) V(I0:+,I0:-)
Time

"! D # 3 A " " 3 ! ! "# $" ! ! < J= 3 & " D 0 % " # ! "# $"
" %! & % < =

''
 /3&-
7-3'(") ,')'G -
$,')

1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 Z

1 2 1 2

1
D4 D5 D6

2
" & ! "# " & "! & " ! # ! ! #A " ! ! ! & " ! /# 3 # + < D & 2 /" !
# /# 3 # + = 2 ! ! ! & " ! /# " % + < D & 2 &/ ! # /#
" % +=

400V

0V

) , ' )
-400V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S12) V(R:1,U1:S12) V(R:2,R:1)
Time

# & 3 # & $" ! # "# " # # "# ! #3 & ! & 0& ! ⋅ *

:

= − :

7 & "! & " 2 , = − = − *

')
 "! D # 3 A " " 3 ! ! "# $" ! ! < J= 3 & " D 0 % " # ! "# $"
" %! & % < = " # " & 0& ! & " D 3 3 D 3 $" & # /
/# 7 ! ! 0 & "& ! !D " " & 0& ! & "D3

'1
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"(/ 1
'&/#+-
2# /#&)/0'(''1
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400V

* /F
.
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0V

) , ' )
-400V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S12) V(R:1,U1:S12) V(R:2,R:1)
Time

+ ! ! ! # ! # & 0& ! # ! & " & $" 3 ! ! "! D

& "# 2 " & 0& ! ! & " & $" 3 ! ; #

π
" ! /# 3 # + = ⋅ : ⋅
π

π
" ! /# " % + =− ⋅ : ⋅
π

! ! "# $" " %! & % ! & 0& ! ! & " & $" 3 ! ;

π
= − = − = ⋅ : ⋅ & & $" + ! #$ 3
π

'3&")(/ )-
4'("

& ! !! "# $" " %! & % # & " & 3 + ! 0 & ! (! 2 # ! 0 "

−
= " # "+ ;7 ! 0 & ! (!
⋅

DP*A # # & "# ! %" " 3 # & $" & ! " % /0 & # 3 2 & "! & 2 ,

',
 :Y = : ⋅ * = :Y = : ⋅ *
:
π
= ⋅ * ⋅& # = : ⋅ * ⋅& #
: ,

π
= ⋅ : ⋅
π
*

)$2#-
3"+

0 "& $" # 3 # 52 - " # "& #

# "! 3

=∞
< == + ⋅& #< ⋅ ⋅ =
=

?F ≡ 3 !! $" &

⋅ ≡ "N ! ! "! $" &

F ≡ "N ! 0 % " # ! "# $" " %! & % < = " " 3 ! ! "# $"
" ! " 0 #
D3 =
D 3 = ⋅

? ≡ "E " < A A *A LA O=

DP*A # # & "# ! %" " 3 # & $" & ! " % /0 & ! 3/%" " A
& "! & 2 ,A " % # " ! 0 % " !

π
⋅ ⋅ :Y π
= ⋅ : Y⋅ & # ⋅& # < ⋅ ⋅ = = ⋅ <− = ⋅
π : π ⋅< ⋅ − =

π
" # + /F ! & ! $" & ! /#A = ⋅ : ⋅ A# # 2 "! " ?D
π

⋅ ⋅
D3 < = T :Y = ⋅ : = = ⋅ <− = =
⋅ − ⋅ −

π π
⋅ *⋅ ⋅ *⋅
D 3 = ⋅ <− = ⋅ = ⋅
'⋅ ⋅ − π '⋅ ⋅ − π

< = ⋅ T :Y = : ⋅ *=

3 $" & # /# 3 ; / & 3 # " & $" 3 # $" & ! 2

3 !2 /# 3 $F & 3" " ! # !

'1
 /#+-
2# -
#./)+'/# 1
"+ (-
"("+

"# $" "+ # D ! ;" # 3 #! ! #& "! " & "! & " # "3 / 3 "
3 ! "# " ## & "! & #

1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 Z

1 2 1 2

1
D4 D5 D6

2
"# $" "+ # D # 3 # & & # + "! " & ! = −

400V

0V

-400V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(D2:K,U1:S12) V(I0:-,U1:S12) V(I0:+,I0:-)
400V

) , ' )

0V

π
= ⋅ : ⋅& #
SEL>>
-400V
0s 25ms
V(D1:A,D1:K)
Time

"# $" D # 3 & ! ! ! " " & 0& ! ! & " & $" 3 ! ; # #
D " & # ! " & 0& ! ! & " & $" 3 ! ! "!

D #3 = ⋅ :

=
π
D # 3 = ⋅ : ⋅& #

'4
 ! #&/#+-
('(/+ 87
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'(/1+/3%#(')-
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! ')
0'7
%/#&/ (/ 3"))-
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1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2

I0
1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2

1
D4 D5 D6

2
'

400V

0V

) , ' )

-400V
50A 0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S12) V(R:1,U1:S12) V(R:2,R:1)
Time

0A

-50A
I(I0)
50A

0A

-50A
I(D1)
50A
'

0A

-50A
I(D4)
50A

0A

SEL>>
-50A
0s 25ms
I(U1:S12)
'6 Time
 -% " ! & "! && $" # 3 #& " " < =

" 3 # & "! ! "#0 ! = − '

& D + " " "# " = & "! & 2 ,

V1
D1
2 1

I0

V3
D6
1 2

" ! " & % = :

" 7 # "# " & "# " A & ! ! ! 3 3# ! ! " JKD +

! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

= = :
= :

" # & "! ! "#0 !

300V 140A
1 2

0V 0A

R R

>>
-300V -140A
0s 20ms
1 V(U1:S11,U1:S12) 2 I(U1:S12)
Time

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
θ
= ⋅ :
π θ

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ : ⋅ : ⋅
π θ

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

):
 ! ')
0'29$-
3',%)'

1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 R

1 2 1 2

1
D4 D5 D6

2
'

400V

0V

) , ' )
-400V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S12) V(R:1,U1:S12) V(R:2,R:1)
Time
50A

0A

-50A
-I(R)
50A

0A

-50A
I(D1)
50A
'

0A

-50A
I(D4)
50A

0A

SEL>>
-50A
0s : :H : 25ms
I(U1:S12)
Time

)
 -% " ! & "! && $" # 3 #& " " < =

" 3 # & "! ! "#0 ! = − '

& D + " " "# " = & "! & 2 ,

V1
D1
2 1

V3
D6
1 2

" " & %

:Y = : ⋅ *
π
: ⋅ *⋅ −
− , :
= *
=
− *

π π
=
,
" ! " & %

θ *
= ⋅ < =
π θ

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ
= ⋅ < = =
π θ

⋅ *
= :

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ < =⋅ ⋅
π θ
:

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

)
 ! ')
0'

1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2

E
*

1 2 1 2

1
D4 D5 D6

2
'

& D + " " "# " = & "! & 2 ,

V1
D1
2 1

V3
D6
1 2

:Y = : ⋅ *
" " & %
:

π − *
: ⋅ *⋅ − −
− − , π π
= *
= =
,

*
π
: ⋅ *⋅ − −
,
= >: "! & $" 3 D 2 , & "! (& "

.
" ! "# $" " %! & % < "=
.

π π
%" " : = : ⋅ *⋅ + = : ⋅ *⋅

! 5; ! ## & " #

> < -% " ! & "! && $" & " " =

< < -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " =

)*
 & $" < -% " ! & "! && $" & " " =

400V

0V

) , ' )

-400V
0s 25ms
12A
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(D1:K,R1:2) V(D4:A,R1:2) V(R:2,E:-) V(E:+,E:-)
Time

0A

-12A
-I(R)
12A

0A

-12A
I(D1)
12A

'
0A

-12A
I(D4)
12A

0A

SEL>>
-12A
0s 25ms
I(U1:S12)
: :H : Time

π π )π
! # . # θ = T θ = T θ =
, ,

" 3 # & "! ! "#0 ! = − '

)'
 & $" < -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " =

400V

0V

* *

) , , ' ' )
-400V
0s 25ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(D1:K,R1:2) V(D4:A,R1:2) V(R:2,E:-) V(E:+,E:-)
Time
3.0A

0A

-3.0A
-I(R)
3.0A

0A

-3.0A
I(D1)
3.0A

'
0A

-3.0A
I(D4)
3.0A

0A

SEL>>
-3.0A
0s 25ms
I(U1:S12)
:H : Time

π π
! # . # : ⋅ *⋅ θ − = θ = ! +
, : ⋅ * ,
)π π
θ = − θ −
,

" 3 # & "! ! "#0 ! = − '

))
 " ! " & %

θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ
= ⋅ < = =
π θ

⋅ *−
= :

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ < =⋅ ⋅
π θ
:

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

),
 ! ')
0'

1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 2

L
*

1 2 1 2
1

1
D4 D5 D6

2
'

400V

0V

) , ' )
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(D3:K,U1:S32) V(L:1,U1:S32) V(R:2,L:1)
Time
20A

0A

-20A
-I(R)
20A

0A

-20A
I(D1)
20A
'

0A

-20A
I(D4)
20A

0A

SEL>>
-20A
20ms : :H : 45ms
I(U1:S12)
Time

)1
 -% " ! & "! && $" # 3 #& " " < =

" 3 # & "! ! "#0 ! = − '

& D + " " "# " = & "! & 2 ,

V1
D1
2 1
:Y = : ⋅ *
R :

2 − *
L π π
=
,
V3
D6
1 2 1
*

" " & %

− * = ⋅ + ⋅

π
: ⋅ *⋅ − = ⋅ + ⋅ < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =
,

− < −θ = π
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ + < θ# = =

/& ! 0 <# & $" " -% "3 " " =

V13

# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ < = ): $% ≡ 0 !=

V 7W
0
" = +#
R L
X
1 2 " =" ϕ
#
ϕ = !&

⋅ * π
= *
= :
⋅ − −ϕ
" " ,

" " & %

− < −θ = ⋅ * π
= ⋅ + :
⋅ − −ϕ
" ,

/& ! = θ# = :

⋅ * π ⋅ * π
: = + :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ = : − :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ
" , " ,

)4
 " " & %

⋅ * π − < −θ = ⋅ * π
= : − :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ ⋅ + :
⋅ − −ϕ
" , " ,

)π
/& ! : =θ = : <θ = =
,

⋅ * π − <θ −θ = ⋅ * π
: = : − :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ ⋅ + :
⋅ θ − −ϕ
" , " ,

" ! " & %

θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ
= ⋅ < = =
π θ

=: R* = <θ* =

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

= ⋅ ⋅
θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ < =⋅ ⋅
π θ
:

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

)6
 !! ')
0'

1
D1 D2 D3

2
1 2 1 2 R

L
1 2 1 2

*
1E
1 2 1 2

1
D4 D5 D6

2
'

& D + " " "# " = & "! & 2 ,

V1
D1
2 1

R :Y = : ⋅ *
2 :
L − *

π π
=
1E
,
V3
D6
1 2 *

" " & %

− * = ⋅ + ⋅ +

π
: ⋅ *⋅ − = ⋅ + ⋅ + < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =
,

− < −θ =
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ +

/& ! 0 <# & $" " -% "3 " " =

V13 V13
0

≡ G
E E
R L R L R L
1 2 1 2 1 2

& &

,:
# + "! 3 # 3 3 # & $" = +

&
# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ < = ): $% =

V 7W ⋅ * π
" = +#
= *
= :
⋅ − −ϕ
X " =" ϕ " " ,
#
ϕ = !&

&
# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ =: 3 D = : $%

=−

⋅ * π
= :
⋅ − −ϕ −
" ,

" " & %

− < −θ = ⋅ * π
= ⋅ + :
⋅ − −ϕ −
" ,

/& ! = θ# ! &

> < -% " ! & "! && $" & " " =

< -% " ! & "! && $" & " " =

<
< -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " =

.
" ! "# $" " %! & % < "=
.

π π
%" " : = : ⋅ *⋅ + = : ⋅ *⋅

" 3 # & "! ! "#0 ! = − '

,
 > = θ# = :

400V

0V

) , ' )
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S32) V(E:-,U1:S32) V(R:2,E:-) V(E:+,E:-)
Time
5.0A

0A

-5.0A
-I(R)
5.0A

0A

-5.0A
I(D1)
5.0A

'
0A

-5.0A
I(D4)
5.0A

0A

SEL>>
-5.0A
20ms 45ms
I(U1:S12)
: :H : Time

3 # & $" = : < =

< $ = θ#
3 # & $" =: < =

# 3 # & $" ! 3 "! ! & $" K .

" 2! & #X! & %

,
 3 # & $" = : < =

400V

0V

) , ' )
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S32) V(E:-,U1:S32) V(R:2,E:-) V(E:+,E:-)
Time
3.0A

0A

-3.0A
-I(R)
3.0A

0A

-3.0A
I(D1)
3.0A

'
0A

-3.0A
I(D4)
3.0A

0A

SEL>>
-3.0A
20ms 45ms
:
I(U1:S12) :H :
Time

π
/& ! = θ# = : < θ# = =

: ⋅ * π ⋅ * π
: = + ⋅ θ# − −ϕ − = : − :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ +
" , " ,

" " & %

⋅ * π − < −θ = ⋅ * π
= : − :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ + ⋅ + :
⋅ − −ϕ −
" , " ,

)π
/& ! : =θ = : <θ = =
,
⋅ * π − <θ −θ = ⋅ * π
: = : − :
⋅ θ# − −ϕ + ⋅ + :
⋅ θ − −ϕ −
" , " ,

,*
 3 ; & $" ! # 3 # & $"

> : >: < =

: >: 3 # & $" & & < =

<
: <: 3 "& & < # A #" = 5& 3 ;

5& 3 ;
400V

0V

* *

) , , ' ' )
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(U1:S31,U1:S32) V(R:2,U1:S32) V(E:-,U1:S32) V(R:2,E:-) V(E:+,E:-)
Time
1.0A

0A

-1.0A
-I(R)
1.0A

0A

-1.0A
I(D1)
1.0A

'
0A

-1.0A
I(D4)
1.0A

0A

SEL>>
-1.0A
20ms 45ms
I(U1:S12)
:H; : ; Time

,'
 " " & %

− * = ⋅ + ⋅ +

π
: ⋅ *⋅ − = ⋅ + ⋅ + < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =
,

− < −θ Y= π
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ + θ Y= ! +
: ⋅ * ,

/& ! 0 <# " -% 3 " " = % D " & # " A3 # # # & &

" " & %

− < −θ Y= ⋅ * π
= ⋅ + :
⋅ − −ϕ −
" ,

/& ! = θ# Y =:

⋅ * π ⋅ * π
:= + :
⋅ θ # Y− −ϕ − =− :
⋅ θ # Y− −ϕ +
" , " ,

" " & %

⋅ * π − < −θ Y= ⋅ * π
= − :
⋅ θ # Y− −ϕ + ⋅ + :
⋅ − −ϕ −
" , " ,

& ! R @ </"% ! "! # " = =θ Y =:

⋅ * π − <θ Y−θ Y= ⋅ * π
:= − :
⋅ θ # Y− −ϕ + ⋅ + :
⋅ θ Y− −ϕ − R @
" , " ,

,)
 " ! " & %

θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ#

θ Y
= ⋅ < =
π θ# Y

+ ! 2 /F ! & " 3 ! ! #

θ
= ⋅ < = =
π θ#

θ Y
= ⋅ < = =
π θ# Y

=: R* = <θ* =

" # & "! ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! # & "! ! "#0 !

= :

θ
= ⋅ < =
π θ#
= ⋅ ⋅

0
θ Y
= ⋅ < =
π θ# Y

"& & + ! # & "! ! "#0 !

θ
= ⋅ < =⋅ ⋅
π θ#
:

θ Y
= ⋅ < =⋅ ⋅
π θ# Y
:

& ! ( & $" ! # & "!

# &=

,,
 < '3&")(/ ,"&/#3-
'(/1,)-
$')-
"(/1&)'#+7
")$'(")

( # "/ # # # & "# ! / & % & 0 " ! & " & "# "

< "#&'=
/

1
D1 D2

2
PD2

Ls 1

Lp
Z

Ls 2

1
D3 D4

2
400V

0V

-400V
V(TX1:1,TX1:3)
400V

0V

SEL>>
' *
-400V
0s 20ms
V(TX1:4,TX1:6)*0.5
Time
40A

0A

-40A
I(I0)
40A

0A

-40A
-I(TX1:4)
40A

0A

SEL>>
-40A
0s 20ms
-I(TX1:4)*0.5
Time

,1
" " "#0 ! # & 3 # 3 D # ! 0 # % &

⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅ :

" 3 ! "#0 !

"& 3 " ! 3 ! "#0 !

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300mA

` αPJK α α
`
` * *

JKD

SEL>>
0A
20ms 45ms
I(RL1) I(RL2) I(RL3)
Time

" "# " WA # # /& "! & "! # ; D ! 3 "! "! ! " ( ! & % "
# & # A # & % 0 " ! & " & "# " A # % . & "! & "! 2 # ; D .
& ; 2# > 3 D

* = − > * <: # 3 ( " "+ # # ; D

! & "! & ! " " /"% JKDA 3 # -% " ! & "! && $" # & " "

/"% ! "& "! ! <α= # 2 JK,A "# $" " %! & % + #

3# +# 2 + # " % +#

46
 ! ! "# $" " %! & %
300V
`

0V

α π α

π −α π +α

-600V
20ms 35ms

# & "# ! %" " 3 # & $" & ! " % /0 & # 3

π
+α π
α = ⋅ ⋅& # = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ & #α
π π
−α
:
π
:

α = ⋅ & #α

F3 # $" ; " ! # ;# + D # + . /"% ! "& "! ! <α=A D 3 ! + #

" : 2 JA + . "# $" ! " %! & % < α=

π
α < α >: = α ⋅ >:
250V
200V

0V

-200V
0s 20ms
V(Vred:+,Vred:-)
Time

0V

-250V
20ms 45ms
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
Time

/ 3# + ! # 2 D / " % + α >:

& & # & 3 & " A " %. ! " ! ! 2

" % " & % !

6:
 π
α= α = ⋅ & #α = : = α ⋅ =:
2

" # & # A# # " & ; 3 "& & + <C=

#/ # 3# + 2 " % + ! # " % # α =:
250V

0V

-250V
20ms 45ms
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
Time

π
α > α <: = α ⋅ <:

250V
200V

0V

-200V
0s 20ms
V(Vred:+,Vred:-)
Time

0V

-250V
20ms 45ms
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
Time

/ 3# + ! # " D / " % + + ! ! "# $" #

" % +A & " #% & & "! " # # " ! 3 "& # " % +A # ! & A
& % # "# " %. ! " ! #& " & 3 & $" ! " %.

& & # & 3 & " A D # & & ( 3 D "

3 ! & " #$ A # " D " & # ! ! 3 ; D ! " # 3 ! &
& " "& "! ! ! # % "

` /0 & α = <α = 3 & D D

α
"& $" & # " !

π α
α = π

6
 ')
0'29$-
3',%)'

1 2 1 2

T1

1 2 1 2

T2

* *

1 2 1 2

T3

& D + " & "! & "! &

V1
T1
" " & %

⋅
= = :

π
α <
,
250V

0V

-250V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(R:2,R:1)
60A

αPJK α α

SEL>>
0A
20ms 45ms
-I(R)
Time

! & "! & 5# D # & ; #% " < 7 & "! & 5# D # & ; =
π
>: -% " ! & "! && $" & " " < =A # α<
6

6
 π
! ! "# $" " %! & % α = ⋅ : ⋅ ⋅ & #α < =
π
π )π
<α <
, ,
250V

0V
W

-250V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(R:2,R:1)
60A
JK, JK*

αPJK' α α

SEL>>
0A
20ms 45ms
-I(R)
Time

! & "! & 5 # D # "# $" /" ! &/ ! # 5 & " % + < 7 3 ! W
# 5& " % + # ; D = -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " < =

! ! "# $" " %! & %

π *⋅ π
α = ⋅ π ⋅ α = :
⋅ +& # +α < =
π +α
:
π ,
,
*

)π
α >
,

# " # & ;" 3 D # "# $" /" ! &/ ! # " % + < 7 " # & ; 3 D
< :=

! ! "# $" " %! & % α =: <*=

` /0 & α = <α = # DP*

α ## 3 e:
< = "& $" & # " !

< =

<*=
π π )π π α
, ,
6*
 ')
0'

1 2 1 2

T1

1 2 1 2

T2

* *

1 2 1 2

T3

R L
1 2

& D + " & "! & "! &

V1
T1

R L
1 2

" " & %

: ⋅ = ⋅ + ⋅ < & & $" ! 0 "& " ! 3 % ! =

− < −θ = π
& $" & ! 0 "& = ⋅ + <θ = +α =
,

/& ! 0 <# & $" " -% "3 " " =

V1
# = ⋅π ⋅ ⋅ < = ): $% ≡ 0 !=

V 7W
0
" = +#
R L X
1 2 " = "<ϕ =
#
ϕ = !&

= = :
⋅ ( − ϕ)
" "

" " & %

− −θ =
( − ϕ)
<
= ⋅ + :
⋅
"

6'
/& ! =θ ! &

< -% " ! & "! && $" & " " = 3 # & $" = :

< -% " ! & "! && $" ! #& " " = 3 # & $" =:

3 # & $" = : < =

250V

0V

-250V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(L:2,R:1)
80A

JK, αPJK* α α

SEL>>
0A
20ms
-I(L)
: : 45ms

Time

π
/& ! =θ = : <θ = +α =
,

: = + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) = : − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ)
" "

" " & %

− −θ =
(θ − ϕ) ⋅ ( − ϕ)
<
= : − :
⋅ + :
⋅
" "

π π
/& ! : =θ = : <θ = + +α =

− <θ −θ =
: = : − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) ⋅ + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ)
" "

3 ; & $" ! # 3 # & $"

: >: 3 # & $" & & < =

: <: 3 # & $" "& & < # A #" = d& # 3 # & $"

6)
 3 # & $" =: < =

250V

0V

-250V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(L:2,R:1)
60A

JK, αPJK* α α

SEL>>
0A
20ms 45ms
-I(L)
: : ; Time

π
/& ! =θ =: <θ = +α =
,

:= + :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) =− :
⋅ (θ − ϕ)
" "

" " & %

− −θ =
(θ − ϕ) ⋅ ( − ϕ)
<
= − :
⋅ + :
⋅
" "

& ! R @ </"% ! "! # " # ; D = =θ Y =:

− <θ Y−θ =
:= − :
⋅ (θ − ϕ) ⋅ + :
⋅ (θ Y−ϕ ) R @
" "

6,
 '3&")(/ )-
4'("

& ! !! "# $" " %! & % # ! " 3 # 0 & ! (! 2 # ! 0 "

−
=
⋅ α

π
= : 3 :<α <

π π π
= : ⋅& # α − 3 <α < ! 3

π π
" = : ⋅& # α + 3 :<α <

0 & ! (! #3 D " & # ! & 0& ! ##"& "

)$2#-
3"+

0 "& $" # 3 # 52 - " # "& #

# "! 3

=∞
< == α + # ⋅& #< ⋅ ⋅ =
=

W?D ≡ 3 !! $" &

⋅ ≡ "N ! ! "! $" &
D ≡ "N ! 0 # #
? ≡ "E " < A A *A LA O=

" " && ! "# $" ! !A "! & 0& ! 3 # " D && # # " ! # !
3 $" & D 3 & " & % "! / " 0 & "& D + & # ! !

0/# & # ?P A 3 $" & # & A # % "! $" & # # F AL

⋅
# = ⋅ +( ⋅ ⋅ &α ) ⋅ & # α
( ⋅ ) −

π
3 !! # $" & # " & " αA # "! + /F 3 α =

" # + /F ! & ! $" & 2 # ! " 3 & "! @d 3 F3 # $" "

⋅ ⋅ ⋅
# =
⋅ −

!! D " 0 & "& ! $" & A 3 ! ! -# !# " 2

3 $" & # /# 3 ; / & 3 # " & $" 3 # $" & ! 2

3 !2 /# 3 $F & 3" " ! # !

61
 /#+-
2# -
#./)+'/# 1
"+ ;+

1 2 1 2

T1

1 2 1 2

T2

* *

1 2 1 2

T3

# @# ! ; " # 3 "# " # ! ; D ! & 2 "# " # ! ; D "+ # A # "! ;#

"0 # # /F #D 3

3 ≈ A) " "& " 3 & & 3-! ! # "

• >: D &
*- < :< = 3 D " # & ; " "# " # "! # ! #

• <: D "+ #
> < = 3 D " # ! # 2

"# $" "+ # /F < /F= D 3 & " # @# # # D 3 # " 7

#"& " A& "! ! #

D #3 = ⋅ :

π
D # 3 = ⋅ : ⋅& #

! " /F # 3 ! " # # # # - ! # D " & # ! ! ! # " .& A

% /0 & 2 + &

*1
3%1
"(/ 1
'&/#+-
2# (/ A1
"G%/"(-
)/3&"

* = −
V1 T1

# 3 "# $" ! & 3 ! "# " "D # 3#; & ;

64
 ! " & $" ! # "# " # "+ # # # % " #A # 3" < =

π
α =
,
400V

0V

α α α
-400V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
400V
*

0V

SEL>>
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(T1:A,T1:K)
Time

& & # & 3 & " & 0& ! & " ! α >:

π
α =
*
400V

0V

α α α
-400V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
400V
*

0V

SEL>>
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(T1:A,T1:K)
Time

& & # & 3 & " & 0& ! & " ! α >:

66
 π
α =

400V

0V

α α α
-400V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
400V
* *

0V

SEL>>
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(T1:A,T1:K)
Time

& & # & 3 & & "& A #$ " & ; 3 "& & + α =:

)π
α =
,
400V

0V

α
α α
-400V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
400V

?&
0V

* *
SEL>>
-400V
20ms 45ms
V(T1:A,T1:K)
Time

& & # & 3 & " "! ! " $" α <:

::
"& # " #

!! D α " A3 + # 3 $F # πA "# $" ! & D # 3 " # @#

" "# " ! ! #3 < = # "

+ # ! α >π " # 3 ! & ; 3 # " 3& ! " /" ! 2 &/ !

"# $" "+ # < - <:= $ & /F ! /"% ! "& "! ! α =π

"! " # ; D 3 D # 5 & & "! & #% " A "# $" " # # ; " #
< = # " % + 2 # ! ; " " " % + ! " " 3 # 0& " " % "!
3 D ! &5 # & 3 A 3 # 52 D F # & %# & ! # "-

"# $" "+ # 3& ! < =!# " 2

α "
3 D # " " < : <I = ! # " 2

*1
3%1
"(/ ',1
-3'('/# /1-
#+&'#&/ (/ A1
"G%/"(/ %# B C <+ % /0 & αP)JK,=

& "! & A 5& # & "! & A # ; D

π π π
* = − = − = : ⋅ − : ⋅ − * = ⋅ : ⋅ ⋅ +

π π
& & # & "# ! D "& # & "! && $" " = + +α

π π π
= * = + +α = ⋅ : ⋅ ⋅ α "# $" " % + D ; D

! ; # 3 "# $" "+ # < = ! " " 3 # 3 3 ! ; D

3 3 ! # A # ! & A # 3 3 " & # 3 D & 3 #
& 3&! ! ! ; D ! &

∆ > # "! D ≡ 3 ! & 3 & $" ! ; D !

*1
3%1
"(/1.'1
")$*K- "(/ 3/A'(" α máx
$"G%/ ,%/(/ &"$')/1*#0%1

π π π π π −α
∆ = ⋅ π+ + − + +α ∆ = α =π − ⋅ω
ω ω

& " & $" 3& # "# " /"

α =π − ⋅ω −δ # "! δ≡ 3 ! & " & $"

:
 ! #&/#+-
('(/+L7% +/3 87% ,)-
$

"# ! # 3 "/ # # & & %A 0 " ! & " & "# " A & " 3 # @#
# % D " # & #3 "! " # " 7 # & " ! ! # & " # & %A 3 ! #0 # ! "
/"% α

1 2 1 2

T1

1 2 1 2

T2

* *

1 2 1 2

T3

I0

230V

* 0V

-230V
V(V1:+,V1:-) V(V2:+,V2:-) V(V3:+,V3:-) V(I0:+,I0:-)
80A

JK, αPJK' α α

0A
I(I0)
80A

SEL>>
0A
20ms 45ms
I(T1:A)
: :
Time

π )π
! # . # θ = +α T θ = +α
, ,

" ! " & % = :

:
 ! 3 3# ! ! " JKD + ! A 0 & (2 /F ! & " 3
#

θ
* = ⋅ : = = :
π θ

θ
* / = ⋅ : = = :
π θ

* = :

# & " # 3 # & "! 2 3 ! "#0 ! # " % # 3 ! #0 # ! # α D "

& 0& ! ##"& "

"# ! "! " # ! #A # & 3 ≈ ≈

! ! 3 "& " %! & %

θ π
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ & #α = ⋅ & #α
Y
π θ
: :
π
: : Y 0 0

' 0 0

+ ! ! 3 "& " %! & % & " @# # " D 3 "& " & # !

& 0& ! ##"& "

# 3 "& # 3 " # 3 # 2 # & "! # " " # + D " & 0& ! # #"
& " 3 D #+ #! "# $" 2 & " # " % # " ;# & # #

Y = ⋅ ⋅ = 0 0 Y = 0 0

#0 & #! ( & $" # " 3 #D " " 7 & " ! ! # 2A ! /# ! 3 "! " ! α

⋅ & #α
⋅ & #α
0 0
# & = = = # & 0 0
0 0

⋅ & #α
⋅ & #α
0 0
' = = = ' 0 0
0 0

# 0 & # ! 3 "& !# " 2 " !! D α # & & JK ! ;! ! #0 # " ! &!

" "# " # 2 & " #

π
α = 0 =: $ # " & ; 3 "& & +

"! " ! "#0 ! # " D " & 0& ! # #" & " 3 # # 3-! ! # "
& ; 2 " 5 # 3 ! " & "# ! # # # 3 D # + # ! "# $" 2 & " # "
% # " ; # & # #A 3 3 "& # "# ! < =!# " 2 & "α

η 0 =
+ ) +

:*
 < '6
('+ (/ &/#+-
2# -
#&/)#'+ (/1)/3&-
7-3'(")

;! 3 ! "& ! # ; ;" ! # ! "#0 ! A # # "& " " ! ! !

" & $"A 2 F # "& ! " ! #A # 3 ! & " &! D 5& " D "# $"
# "# ! & % < α@= ! # " 2 "

"# $" " %! & %

αY= α −∆ −∆ − ∆*

α ≡ "# $" ! " %! & % <# " & "# ! &! =

αY= ⋅ & #α − ∆ −∆ − ∆*
0 0

# #& .
! #! "# $" # "

? ≡ &! 3 & ; " ! 0 # # 2 # ! ;! "! && $" D 3 # " " #

; ;" ! # ! "#0 ! # &! /# 3 " 2 #! ! " ! 1 :] !

? ≡ &! 3 0 & > 2 # ! ;! # # "& $5 & D 3 # " " ! !

" & $" 2 # ; ;" ! # 3 # 2 # & "! # ! "#0 ! # !
! " ! * )] !

? ≡&! " # @# <! =

+ ! # & .
! # ! "# $"A ∆ <D # "! 3 "! " ! α=A # ! % " " -# 3
& " ! # #!

α; ∆ =∆ +∆ + ∆*

α =:

π
α =

α = π −δ − ⋅ω

+ ! ! "# $" " %! & % 3 ! # 3# + " % +

α <π α >: & 0& ! & " ! A " %. ! " ! 2 " %

" & % !

α =π α =: " # & # A# " & ; 3 "& & + <C= ; ! C

"2 & ! " !

α >π α <: "! ! " $" A & % # "# " %. !

<0 " ! #& " & 3 & $" ! " %.=

& & "& ! &! ! 0 "! 3 "! "

:'
 < ,"))/3%A)-
$-/#&"(/ 7
'+/+ B? C

&! 3 & ; " ! 0 # # <9 = # ! ;! "! && $" D 3 # " " #

; ;" ! # ! "#0 !

V1 V2

2 2

L1 L2

1 1

T1 T2

300V

0V
V(U1:S11,U1:S12) V(U1:S21,U1:S22) V(I1:+,I1:-)
100A

JK G JKD G α JKD

SEL>>
0A
0s 16.7ms
I(D1) I(D2)
Time
δ

δ ≡ ^"% ! & ; " ! 0 # #

"! " " & # & "! && $" & " 3 - 3# ! + : + : 3 "! "
3 δ " 3# ! " # ! # & & "! D # ; & "! & "!
3# ; D A 3# ! " # ! #% " F% " 3

# ! & A " 3 ! 5; + & " # ; #& # ! & " 3 # & & # "! & +

& " & $"A 3 # ! & "! & " # "# " /" A # " & # " 3 δ! "
& & "! & " 2 # /" " < # /" " & & & 0 # #= %" " &! 9
"# $" " % ! & % " #! & " & $" " "+ !# " D #
& & & " " & $"

:)
 & "# ! & % 0 " ! & " & A! # 0 & " D & & 3 #&

# # ! # ; ;" ! # !-" & # = =

≡ "! && $" ! "#0 ! < ! # & "! /# ! 3 ! &! # & "! =
" & " & $" <# & "# ! D #$ # 3 ! & 9 =

+ = : < & =

3 & "! # 2 # ! [ &5 00 " !

2 # #! # # = − ⋅ < & =

= − ⋅ < & *=

+ "! & + =: =−

# 3 "! " # ! # " % # 2 ! # %" # 3 # #

+
"! & G &* ⋅ = + − ⋅ + =

+
"# $" " %! & % ! " & " & $" # =

D#0%1
"(/ )/3%A)-
$- '+/+ BδC
/#&"(/ 7

−
# "! & _ &* − = ⋅ − ⋅ − =− ⋅ ⋅ =
⋅

−
=
⋅

π
= : ⋅ = :
⋅ − −
⋅
`

π −π
= : ⋅ −

*
π π
= :
⋅ − ⋅& # −

V0 π π
i2 = − ⋅ sen ⋅ cos wt − ⋅ dt + C
L q q

π π
=− :
⋅ ⋅ − +

:,
 π π
& & <& "# " ! " % & $"= = + +α =:

π π π π π
:=− :
⋅ ⋅ + +α − + = :
⋅ ⋅ & #α

& #α

π π
& " ! " & " & $" # = :
⋅ ⋅ & #α − −

π π
"! " & " & $" = + +α +δ = :

π π π π
: = :
⋅ ⋅ & #α − + +α +δ −

& #α +δ

⋅
& # α − & #<α + δ = = :
! ! & /"% ! & ; " ! 0 # # <δ=
π
: ⋅

" & " " %! & % < := " δ

# # # + # ! :A :A + ! /"% ! & ; " ! 0 # # <δ= ; "!

# "! @# # " D ; "! # "! & 0& ! ##"& "

'1
")$/(-
"(/ 1
'3( & ,"))/3%A)-
$-/#&"(/ 7
'+/+ B? C

+
"# " /" ! 9 ∆ = −

! ! 9

π π
+ +α + δ +
∆ = ⋅ − ⋅
π π π
+ +α

= ⋅ ∆ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ :
π
:

π
= : ⋅ −

&! 3 & ; " ! 0 # # <9 = # 3 3 & " :A "N ! 0 # # ! # & "! !

"#0 ! <D= 2 "! & "& ! "#0 ! < =

9 # "! 3 "! " ! /"% ! "& "! ! <α=

# 0$ # +/ ! 3 & 0& ! # #" & " 2 & " ! #A & "! & "! & "
# /" " #$ ! # # & "! & #

:1
 < ,")/7
/3&" "%1
/ B? C

&! 3 0 & > <9 = # ! ;! # # "& $5 & D 3 # " " ! !

" & $" 2 # ; ;" ! # 3 # 2 # & "! #! "#0 !

9 # ! " ! # 0 D " & # ! & 0& ! # #" & " 2 #

"! 3 "! " ! /"% ! "& "! ! <α=

∆ = ⋅ = = ⋅ [ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ #Y + ⋅ ⋅ # ]
D 2 D ≡ "E ! 0 # #! # & "! 23

A 2 ≡ # # "& # & "! A3 ! "#0 ! 2 ! !

A W@ W ≡+ 0 & (! & " # # & "! A3 2 !

# + # A W@ W ! 3 "! " ! & " F " ! ! # ; ;" ! # 3 # 2 # & "! # !

"#0 !

< /# 1
"+ M+ B? C

9* & % &! " # @# 2 # "! 3 "! " ! /"% ! "& "! ! <α=

" & ! "# " & "! & / " # 3 # " & 0& ! ! & " & $" 3 ! !
"!

& D + " & "! & "! &

V1
T1

∆* = *

@ %#3-
"#'$-
/#&"/# 3")&"3-
)3%-
&"

" " & 0& ! & " ! # 3 ! + # & $" ! & & & 3 D # " & #
3& " 3 # ! 3 3 D " " " & "! && $"

#(%1
'(")#"'%&2#"$"

:4
 π
α > α <: = α ⋅ <: & & # & 3 & " "! ! " $"

% ≡

" " & &

− α
=

≡ # # "& " & &

"! & & 0 "& " & "! ! 2 /"% ! "& "! ! <α= # 2 % "! A # "
" # ; D " "# " D & #3 "! ! ;! D & " & $" " # "# " /" A #
"# $" # "+ >: 0 2 "# $" α " # A ! " % " & "
+ α
2 +! = 3 ! ! # & 0& ! 2

)π
α >
,

300V

0V
W

α
αP)JK, α

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