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1. 2.

Learning Objectives • Discuss an understanding of teenage relationship, including the


acceptable and unacceptable expressions of attractions. • Express his or her ways of
showing attraction, love and commitment. • Identify ways to become responsible in a
relationship and • Appraise one’s relationships and make plans for building responsible
future relationship.
2. 3. What is Personal Relationship • The concept of relationship is very broad and complex. In
our model, personal relationships refer to close connections between people, formed by
emotional bonds and interactions. These bonds often grow from and are strengthened by
mutual experiences.
3. 4. A healthy relationship with friends is a source of lifetime happiness
4. 5. How are attachments developed • Attachment theory is a concept in developmental
psychology that concerns the importance of "attachment" in regards to personal
development. Specifically, it makes the claim that the ability for an individual to form an
emotional and physical "attachment" to another person gives a sense of stability and security
necessary to take risks, branch out, and grow and develop as a personality. Naturally,
attachment theory is a broad idea with many expressions, and the best understanding of it
can be had by looking at several of those expressions in turn.
5. 6. John Bowlby • Psychologist John Bowlby was the first to coin the term. His work in the late
60s established the precedent that childhood development depended heavily upon a child's
ability to form a strong relationship with "at least one primary caregiver". Generally speaking,
this is one of the parents.
6. 7. Attachment styles as defined by by Ainsworth,Blekar and Wall 1978 • 1.Secure
attachment is classified by children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but
are able to compose themselves and do something knowing that their caregiver will return.
Children with secure attachment feel protected by their caregivers, and they know that they
can depend on them to return.
7. 8. • 2.Avoidant Attachment- Parents of children with an avoidant/anxious attachment tend to
be emotionally unavailable or unresponsive to them a good deal of the time. They disregard
or ignore their children's needs, and can be especially rejecting when their child is hurt or
sick.
8. 9. • 3. Anxious-ambivalent attachment is when the infant feels separation anxiety when
separated from the caregiver and does not feel reassured when the caregiver returns to the
infant. Anxious-avoidant attachment is when the infant avoids their parents. Disorganized
attachment is when there is a lack of attachment behavior.
9. 10. 3 Brain Systems of Love: Lust, Attraction, and Attachment • While love is complicated
and can’t simply be reduced to three biological brain states, there are clear neurochemical
processes that do contribute to feelings of love. While not called ‘love’, the desire to mate
with a specific individual is not limited to humans, but exists across many species. The drive
to find a mate, bond, and reproduce is called the ‘attraction system’. This system is made up
of three fundamental pathways -- lust, attraction and attachment – which occur in both birds
and mammals (including humans).
10. 11. What Drives Attraction • 1. Lust-Is sex really all that guys think about? Possibly. But
women think about it too. Lust is our sex drive or libido and it is in part driven by the
hormones testosterone and estrogen. Lust refers to an urge or desire that motivates us to
partake in sexual activity. This desire to be involved in sexual activity is there regardless of
whether someone has a sexual partner or not.
11. 12. • 2 Attraction -Although often described as part of lust, attraction is distinguished from
lust because it involves focusing our attention to a particular person or desire. Lust on the
other hand is our libido; it is the underlying urge for sexual gratification. Attraction is also in
part driven by different hormones than is lust, with adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin
playing key roles. Ultimately, engaging in sexual activity may be just as dependent upon
individual attraction as it is upon lust
12. 13. • 3. Attachment- Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one
person to another across time and space (Ainsworth, 1973; Bowlby, 1969).
13. 14. • We have previously presented the biological model of love as anthropologist Helen
Fisher explained in her theory that the experience of love comes in three overlapping stages
and where certain hormones are involved in each stage lust, attraction and attachment.
14. 15. The Rozenberg Quarterly mentions several theories on attraction • 1. Transference
effect- Transference is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings
from one person to another.
15. 16. • 2. Propinquity Effect-The propinquity effect is the tendency for people to form
friendships or romantic relationships with those whom they encounter often, forming a bond
between subject and friend. Occupational propinquity, based on a person's career, is also
commonly seen as a factor in marriage selection
16. 17. • Similarity-the state of being similar; likeness; resemblance. 2. an aspect, trait, or feature
like or resembling another or another's: a similarity of diction.
17. 18. • Reciprocity-In social psychology, reciprocity is a social rule that says people should
repay, in kind, what another person has provided for them; that is, people give back
(reciprocate) the kind of treatment they have received from another.
18. 19. • 5.Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a person's physical features are
considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. The term often implies sexual attractiveness or
desirability, but can also be distinct from either.
19. 20. • Personality Characteristics and Traits- • Five major traits underlie personality, according
to psychologists. They are introversion/extroversion, openness, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.
20. 21. Love and Intimacy
21. 22. Love is beautiful
22. 23. Three components of Triangular theory of love • 1.Intimacy-An intimate relationship is an
interpersonal relationship that involves physical and/or emotional intimacy. Physical intimacy
is characterized by friendship, platonic love, romantic love or sexual activity.
23. 24. • 2. Commitment- a promise to do or give something. : a promise to be loyal to someone
or something. : the attitude of someone who works very hard to do or support something.
24. 25. • 3. Passion- is a very strong feeling about a person or thing. Passion is an intense
emotion, a compelling enthusiasm or desire for something.
25. 26. Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
26. 27. Commitment Saying Yes and Meaning It
27. 28. Rozenberg QUARTERLY • 1.Accumulation of all rewards of the relationship
28. 29. • 2.Temptation of Alternative partners
29. 30. • 3. Investments made by the couple in the relationship
30. 31. Four Behaviors married couples may do that can predict a divorce or separation •
Criticism
31. 32. • Denial of the existence of conflict
32. 33. • 3. Contempt
33. Responsibilities in a Relationship • 1. Be Responsible for what you think and say to other
person
34. • 2.Be responsible for what you think and say to your family
35. • 3. Ensure the relationship is mutually beneficial
36. • 4. Respect the other party or parties involved
• Be ready to provide support when needed
Summarizing • Relationship are necessary for our survival as species and as an individual.
Relationship define our own humanity, because through our interaction with others, we learn
about human behaviour and emotions, and how to communicate with each other.

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