SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
Global City, Taguig
College Of Nursing
MIDTERM EXAM
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Name: _______________________________________________________ Date: ___________________
Section ________________________________________________ Score: ____________________
General Instructions:
1. Superimpositions, erasures, marks, holes and burns on your final answer make it invalid.
2. Write your final answers on the spaces provided.
3. Use black ink.
4. Write legibly.
TEST I. Multiple Choice
A. Muscular System
1. A fascicle is a bundle of muscle fibers of
the:
a. epimysium
b. perimysium
c. endomysium
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
2. Aging affects the muscular system in the
following ways:
a. skeletal muscle fibers enlarge
b. skeletal muscles become
smaller and less elastic
c. the tolerance for exercise
decreases
d. B and C only
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
3. Muscular dystrophies:
a. usually cause a progressive
muscular weakness and
deterioration
b. are responsible for a number
of inherited diseases
c. are caused by an abnormality
in the genes that code for
structural and functional
proteins in muscle fibers
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
4. Communication between the nervous
system and skeletal muscle fibers occurs at
the:
a. terminal cisternae
b. zone of overlap
c. neuromuscular junction
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
5. Forensic pathologists can estimate the time
of death on the basis of:
a. the effect of sarcomere length
on tension
b. the degree of rigor mortis
c. carbon dating
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
6. A single twitch can be divided into the
following phases:
a. the latent period -->
incomplete tetanus --> treppe
b. myosin activation
c. active-site exposure -->
cross-bridge attachment -->
pivoting cross-bridge
detachment
d. the latent period -->
contraction phase -->
relaxation phase
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
7. The primary function of ATP is:
a. to enhance muscle
performance
b. the transfer of energy from
one location to another
c. the long-term storage of
energy
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
8. Rotator cuff injury affects the following:
a. supraspinatus, infraspinatus,
subscapularis, teres major,
and teres minor
b. popliteus, soleus, and
calcanea
c. palmaris, digitorum, and
retinaculum
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
9. The orbicularis, oris, and buccinator are
muscles associated with:
a. the tongue
b. the eyebrows and eyelids
c. the mouth
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
10. The most common functional role of the
muscles of both the forearm and the upper leg
involves the action of:
a. flexion and extension
b. rotation and supination
c. adduction and abduction
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
11. Fibrosis, the deposition of fibrous material,
in aging muscle tissue makes the muscle:
a. less flexible, and the collagen
fibers can restrict movement
and circulation
b. harder and results in
increased tolerance for
exercise
c. more elastic but less flexible
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
12. Calcium ions for muscle contraction is
stored in which body system?
a. skeletal
 b. digestive
c. endocrine 17. Active site exposure during the contraction
d. all of the above process occurs when calcium binds to:
e. none of the above a. epimysium
b. muscle fiber
13. The cells that make up muscle tissues are c. endomysium
highly specialized for the process of: d. all of the above
a. contraction e. none of the above
b. atrophy
c. twitching 18. An epimysium is:
d. all of the above a. a thick filament located at the
e. none of the above center of the sarcomere
b. a dense layer of collagen
14. What is the dense layer of collagen fibers fibers surrounding the entire
surrounding a muscle called? muscle
a. sarcolemma c. a thin filament attached at the
b. pacemaker Z line
c. none of the above d. all of the above
d. all of the above e. none of the above
e. epimysium
19. Each muscle begins at an ______, ends at
15. What are bundles of muscle fibers called? an ______, and contracts to produce an
a. epimysium ______.
b. fascicles a. origin, insertion, action
c. sarcolemma b. insertion, origin, action
d. all of the above c. action, origin, insertion
e. none of the above d. none of the above

16. Muscle cells contain contractible units are 20. _____ is (are) more suitable for activities
called: requiring endurance.
a. sarcomeres a. White muscle
b. fascicles b. Fast fibers
c. epimysium c. Slow fibers
d. all of the above d. all of the above
e. none of the above e. none of the above
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Nervous System
1) The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is 6) Spinal cord levels that directly innervate bone
comprised of ____ cranial nerves and ____ are called:
spinal nerves and their associated ganglia. a) Sclerotomes
a) 7; 31 b) Osteotomes
b) 7; 33 c) Myotomes
c) 12; 31 d) Dermatomes
d) 12; 33 e) Chronotomes
e) 10; 31
7) In infants the spinal cord runs the entire canal
2) Sympathetic nerves arise from what spinal but in adults it ends at:
segments? a) T10
a) Cranial and Thoracic b) T12
b) Cranial and Sacral c) L2
c) Thoracic and Lumbar d) L4
d) Thoracic and Sacral e) S1
e) Lumbar and Sacral
8) Vertebral canal enlargements at C3-T2 and
3) Parasympathetic nerves arise from what L1-S3 are due to:
spinal segments? a) Secondary curves
a) Cranial and Thoracic b) Limb nerves
b) Cranial and Sacral c) Weight bearing stress
c) Thoracic and Lumbar d) Embryologic differentiation
d) Thoracic and Sacral e) Cardiac innervation
e) Lumbar and Sacral
9) The outer meningeal layer of the spinal cord
4) Neurotransmitters are released from: that is dense and inelastic is called the:
a) Cell body a) Dura mater (tough mother)
b) Organelles b) Pia mater (tender mother)
c) Dendrites c) Arachnoid
d) Axons d) Conus medularis
e) Synaptic knobs e) Cauda equina

5) There are ____ nerves in the cervical region 10)Denticulate ligaments span ____ and attach
and ____ in the coccygeal region. to the dura mater to support the spinal
a) 7; 3 cord.
b) 7; 1 a) Medially
c) 8; 3 b) Laterally
d) 8; 1 c) Superiorly
e) 6; 3 d) Inferiorly
e) Superficially
 general visceral efferent (GVE)
11) The connection of a dorsal root and ventral
root form a: Spinal Cord/Meninges
a) Rootlet 1) In the adult, the spinal cord extends down to
b) Ganglion what level?
c) Spinal nerve a) T12
d) Gray matter b) L2
e) White matter c) L4
d) S1
12) Sensory impulses enter the ____ root and e) S5
motor impulses exit the ____ root.
a) Ventral; Ventral 2) How many spinal nerves are there?
b) Dorsal; Dorsal a) 30
c) Ventral; Dorsal b) 31
d) Dorsal; Ventral c) 32
d) 33
Autonomic Nervous System e) 34
1) The autonomic nervous system is considered
a ____ neuron system. 3) How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
a) 0 a) 5
b) 1 b) 6
c) 2 c) 7
d) 3 d) 8
e) 4 e) 9

2) In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers 4) What spinal cord segments have

are ____ than postganglionic fibers. enlargements?
Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers usually a) Cervical and thoracic
synapse at the ____. b) Thoracic and lumbar
a) Longer; Chain ganglia c) Cervical and lumbar
b) Shorter; Chain ganglia d) Lumbar and sacral
c) Longer; Organ wall e) Thoracic and sacral
d) Shorter; Organ wall
5) A disc herniation at the level of L4-L5 will
3) The intermediolateral cell column (IML) is most affect which spinal nerve?
present from: a) L3
a) All 31 levels b) L4
b) C1-T2 c) L5
c) T1-L2 d) S1
d) L1-S2 e) S2
e) Cervical and Sacral
6) What part of the spinal cord would be
4) Which sympathetic pathway involves affected with a compression fracture at the L3
pregalionic general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers vertebra?
NOT synapsing before exiting the sympathetic a) L1
chain to their target? b) L2
a) Pathway to the body wall c) L3
b) Pathway to cavity organs above the diaphragm d) L4
c) Pathway to cavity organs below the diaphragm e) The spinal cord is not affected
d) Pathway to the thymus gland
e) Pathway to the brain 7) Where is the most consistent location of the
artery of Adamkiewicz?
5) All of the following are origins of preganglionic a) T8
parasympathetic fibers EXCEPT: b) T10
a) S2-S4 c) L2
b) T1-L2 d) L4
c) CN X (Vagus) e) S2
d) CN III (Oculomotor)
e) CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) 8) How many venous channels are usually seen
in the spinal cord?
6) Parasympathetic GVE fibers enter the spinal a) 2
cord via ____ roots and exit the spinal cord via b) 4
____ roots. c) 6
a) Dorsal; Ventral d) 8
b) Ventral; Dorsal e) None
c) Dorsal; Dorsal
d) Ventral; Ventral 9) In the venous drainage of the spinal cord
e) Depends on reflex (Batson’s plexus), where is the most common
location of valves?
7) Referred pain is radiated from an organ to a a) Liver
dermatome because the brain cannot b) IVC/SVC
differentiate ____ from _____. c) Azygous
a) General somatic afferents (GSA) from d) Head
general visceral efferent (GVE) e) There are no valves
b) General somatic afferents (GSA) from
general somatic efferent (GSE) 10) Which of the following spaces contains
c) General visceral afferents (GVA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
general somatic efferent (GSE) a) Epidural
d) General visceral afferents (GVA) from b) Subdural
c) Subarachnoid b) T10
d) Subpial c) L2
d) L4
11) At what level does the dura mater end? e) S2
a) T8