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impossible.
In the environmental noise survey guidance document
140 - noise causing pain in ears.
most recently issued by the epa8 the definition of noise
is given (guidance only) as follows: 1+1+1 does not equal to 3
“any sound, that has the potential to cause disturbance, The decibel is a logarithmic unit of measure so we can’t
discomfort or psychological stress to a subject exposed simply add numbers.
to it, or any sound, that could cause actual physiological
harm to a subject exposed to it, or physical damage to
any structure exposed to it, is known as noise.”
Noise is difficult to define!
Three facets of sound:
Source
Transmission
Effect
High frequency noise
3 major sets of sources for indoor sources and 5 for
outdoor sources Power tools, saws, grinders
Other high rpm equipment
Indoor: Sudden release of pressure
Apartments & houses High frequency noises deflect easier, are easier to
Office & factory shield, are easier to insulate.
Disco(?), entertainment
Outdoor:
Transportation
Construction, industrial operations
Humans-shouting, boom box
Miscellaneous (pets, air conditioners, sirens,
garbage can lids, lawn mowers)
Audible range
The ear can hear sounds ranging from 20hz to 20khz. It Low Frequency Noise
is most sensitive to frequencies between 500hz and
Power Presses
4000hz, which corresponds almost exactly to the
Pumps, Compressors
speech band. Note that this threshold increases
Other Low RPM Equipment
significantly with lower frequencies
Low frequency Noises Can Travel Around and Through
Noise measurements
Objects and Are Harder to Shield and Absorb
Noise levels are expressed as decibels(db)
Dba description
0 - absolute silence.
25 - very quiet room.
35 - rural night-time setting. No wind.
55 - day-time, busy roadway 0.5 km away.
70 - busy restaurant.
85 - very busy pub. Voice has to be raised to be
heard.
100 - disco or rock concert.
Harmful Effects
Harmful Effects of Noise Are Related to the Noise Dose
Is the Noise Harmful?
Ask Yourself:
How Loud, How Long, How Many Times?
Noise Dose is a Combination
Water conflicts: Global
Intensity of noise (how loud)
Duration of noise exposure (how long) Two main factors for water shortage: dry climate and
Frequency (how many times during the day are too many people. Many people live in hydro poverty –
they exposed to such a noise) can’t afford clean water.
lead, mercury
Acids
Elevated temperatures = Thermal Pollution
Waste Disposal Methods
Key Concepts
Types and amounts of wastes
Preventing waste
Methods of dealing with wastes
Wasting Resources
US waste: 11 billion metric tons/year
Mining waste
Agricultural waste US consumers toss every year:
Industrial waste aluminum cans to rebuild commercial airline
Municipal solid waste (MSW) fleet 4 times
Sewage sludge e-waste by the millions
tires to circle planet 3x
diapers to moon and back 7x
carpet to cover Delaware
670,000 metric tons of food and much, much
more…
no waste in nature
Service-flow economy
Burning Wastes
Mass burn incineration
Air pollution
Waste to energy
Burying Wastes