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Civil 316

Problem Set #2

1. Refer to the flow profile and specific energy and momentum function diagrams attached. Given that
the specific energy at Section 1 is E1 = 2.0 m, determine the following:

Answers
(a) Sketch the energy grade line (EGL);

(b)Depth of flow over the hump at section 2; ___________

(c) The unit discharge, q; ___________

(d)The height of the hump at section 2; ___________

(e) Magnitude of the net horizontal force acting on the hump; ___________

(f) Direction of the horizontal force acting on the hump; ___________

(g)Depth of flow at section 4; ___________

(h)Height of the weir at section 5; ___________

(i) Head loss across the hydraulic jump ___________

Neglect bed friction and energy losses associated with flow over obstacles. Show solution on the graphs
provided.

2. Following on from class, derive the hydraulic jump equation for the depth upstream, given the
downstream flow conditions.

3. A rectangular channel constricts smoothly from 5m wide to 2m wide, and the re-expands to 5m
wide. The total discharge, Q = 15m3/s, and the flow in the constriction is critical. Calculate the
net horizontal force on the constriction (magnitude and direction).

4. A channel 4m wide is conveying 10m3/s of flow at a depth of 1.4m. There is a downward step
of 0.5m. Calculate the net horizontal force on the step (magnitude and direction).

5. A sluice gate is mounted in a rectangular horizontal channel 3m wide. The specific energy a
short distance upstream in 3m, and the gate opening w = 1m. Assume a value of the discharge
coefficient Cd = 0.61. Calculate the thrust on the gate using momentum, and also by assuming
that the pressure distribution on the gate is hydrostatic. Compare and comment on the two
results.

6. The discharge in a 20-m-wide rectangular channel is 80m3/s. The flow depth upstream of the
hydraulic jump is 0.5m. Determine the flow depth downstream of the jump, and the energy loss
across the jump.
7. Water flows at a velocity of 6m/s and a depth of 1.05m in a rectangular channel 6m wide. Find
the downstream depth necessary to form a jump, the head loss, and the power dissipated in the
jump.

8. Water discharges at a rate of 310m3/s over a spillway 13m wide into a stilling basin the same
width. The lake level behind the spillway is at 62.2m m ASL and the apron of the stilling basin
is at 23.2m ASL. Assuming that no energy is dissipated in the flow down the spillway, sketch
the EGL, find the depth required for a hydraulic jump to form in the basin, and estimate the
energy dissipated in the jump.

9. Determine the height of a weir z necessary to ensure that the hydraulic jump will occur on the
spillway apron.

10. Calculate the horizontal force acting on the weir.

Sketch for Questions 8-9.


Attachment for Question 1. The graphs are to scale.

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