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(Motion Sensor)
Mechanics: Newton’s 2nd Law, constant mass DataStudio file: 15A Newton’s 2nd Law 1.ds
Equipment List
SAFETY REMINDER.
Follow directions for using the equipment.
Prediction
1. What happens to an object when you apply a net force to it?
2. What happens to the motion of an object if it has a constant mass but you change the
magnitude of the net force on it?
Setup
1. Set up the PASCO Interface and computer and start DataStudio. Connect the Motion
Sensor into the interface.
2. Open the DataStudio file: 15A Newton’s 2nd Law 1.ds
The DataStudio file has a Graph display of Velocity versus Time. Data recording is set
at 20 Hz (20 measurements per second).
3. Place the track on a horizontal surface. Level the track by placing the cart on the track.
If the cart rolls one way or the other, use the leveling screw at one end of the track to
raise or lower that end until the track is level and the cart does not roll one way or the
other. (Note: It is very important the track is level to get the best results.)
4. Set up the equipment as shown in the figure.
5. The track has fixed end stop at one end. Place the Motion Sensor on the track in front
of the fixed end stop. Set the ‘Range Switch’ on the Motion Sensor to the ‘Cart’ icon.
6. Attach the pulley to the other end of the track. (Hint: Place a piece of wood in front of
the pulley to stop the cart before it hits the pulley.)
7. Attach a piece of string about 1.2 m long to one end of the cart.
8. Add a 20-gram mass to the mass hanger and weigh the hanger plus the mass. Record
the mass of the hanger plus 20-g in the data table in the Lab Report section.
9. Put two 20-gram masses into the accessory tray on top of the cart.
10. Weigh the cart plus the two 20-gram masses and record the total mass of the cart and
masses.
11. Attach the mass hanger to the other end of the string, and put the string in the pulley’s
groove.
12. Adjust the pulley up or down so the string is parallel to the track.
13. Hold the cart in front of the Motion Sensor but no closer than 15 cm from the sensor.
Procedure
Record Data: Constant Total Mass and Increasing Net Force
You will take three runs of data. For Run #1, use the arrangement described above (one
20-g mass on the mass hanger and two 20-g masses on top of the cart).
For Run #2, transfer one 20-g mass from the tray of the cart to the mass hanger before
you record data. The total mass of the system is constant, but the net force is increased.
For Run #3, transfer a second 20-g mass from the tray of the cart to the mass hanger
before you record data. As in Run #2, the total mass of the system is constant, but the
net force is increased.
Note: Catch the cart before it hits the pulley or you could damage the pulley.
1. Click ‘Start’. Release the cart. Stop the cart before it hits the pulley and click ‘Stop’.
2. For Run #2, move a 20-g mass from the cart to the hanger. Record the total mass of the
hanger. Record data as before.
3. For Run #3, move the remaining 20-g mass from the cart to the hanger. Record the total
mass of the hanger. Record data as before.
Analyze
Find the experimental values for the acceleration.
1. Click the ‘Data’ button and choose Run #1.
2. Click ‘Scale to Fit’ to rescale the graph if needed. Use the cursor to highlight a smooth
part of the graph.
3. Click the ‘Fit’ menu and choose ‘Linear Fit’.
4. Record the value for the slope “m” as the acceleration for Run #1.
5. Select Run #2. Find the slope and record it as the acceleration for Run #2.
6. Repeat the process for Run #3.
Calculations
Calculate the theoretical acceleration when the mass is constant and the net force is changed
and record the calculations in the data table on the Student Response Sheet.
The acceleration is the ratio of the net force divided by the total mass.
mhanger g
a
mcart mhanger
For runs #1, #2, #3, the total mass of the system (mass of cart plus mass of hanger) is
constant and the net force (mass of hanger x 9.8) increases.
Assuming no friction, the net force is the weight of the hanger (mass x 9.8 N/kg).
Find the percent difference between the theoretical and experimental acceleration and record
it in the data table.
Lab Report: Newton’s Second Law – Constant Mass, Changing Force
Name:
________________________________________________________________
Prediction
1. What happens to an object when you apply a net force to it?
Depende de la fuerza que se aplique y si la sumatoria de esta fuerza con las ya precentes es
distinta de cero. esta puede perder o aumentar su velocidad dentro del sistemas
estudiado adquiriendo de esta manera una asceleracion.
Data
Make a sketch of your graph of velocity versus time for the first run of data.
Data Table 1
𝑓
Si tenemos la ecuacion. 𝑎 = 𝑚 por lo tanto si se incremnta la fuerza neta la asceleracion de
esta aumentara tambien.