Grade IX

Science
(Mock Test)

#GrowWithGreen
 Mock​ ​Test​ ​Science

General​ ​Instructions:

(i) The​ ​question​ ​paper​ ​comprises​ ​two​ ​Sections,​ ​A​ ​and​ ​B.​ ​You​ ​are​ ​to​ ​attempt​ ​both​ ​the​ ​sections.

(ii) All​ ​questions​ ​are​ ​compulsory.

(iii) There​ ​is​ ​no​ ​choice​ ​in​ ​any​ ​of​ ​the​ ​questions.

(iv) All​ ​questions​ ​of​ ​Section​ ​A​ ​and​ ​all​ ​questions​ ​of​ ​Section​ ​B​ ​are​ ​to​ ​be​ ​attempted​ ​separately.

(v) Question​ ​numbers​ ​1​ ​&​ ​2​ ​in​ ​Section​ ​A​ ​are​ ​one-mark​ ​questions.​ ​These​ ​are​ ​to​ ​be​ ​answered​ ​in
one​ ​word​ ​or​ ​in​ ​one​ ​sentence.

(vi) Question​ ​numbers​ ​3​ ​to​ ​5​ ​in​ ​Section​ ​A​ ​are​ ​two-marks​ ​questions.​ ​These​ ​are​ ​to​ ​be​ ​answered​ ​in
about​ ​30​ ​words​ ​each.

(vii) Question​ ​numbers​ ​6​ ​to​ ​15​ ​in​ ​Section​ ​A​ ​are​ ​three-marks​ ​questions.​ ​These​ ​are​ ​to​ ​be​ ​answered
in​ ​about​ ​50​ ​words​ ​each.

(viii) Question​ ​numbers​ ​16​ ​to​ ​21​ ​in​ ​Section​ ​A​ ​are​ ​five-marks​ ​questions.​ ​These​ ​are​ ​to​ ​be​ ​answered
in​ ​about​ ​70​ ​words​ ​each.

(ix) Question​ ​numbers​ ​22​ ​to​ ​27​ ​in​ ​Section​ ​B​ ​are​ ​questions​ ​based​ ​on​ ​practical​ ​skills.​ ​Each
question​ ​is​ ​of​ ​2​ ​marks.

Section​ ​A

1. Explain​ ​why​ ​acid​ ​rains​ ​are​ ​more​ ​likely​ ​to​ ​occur​ ​over​ ​thickly​ ​populated​ ​towns
which​ ​have​ ​the​ ​maximum​ ​number​ ​of​ ​industries. 1​ ​mark

2. Why​ ​is​ ​the​ ​pair​ ​of​ ​soybean​ ​and​ ​maize​ ​chosen​ ​for​ ​intercropping? 1​ ​mark

3. Two​ ​bodies​ ​having​ ​an​ ​equal​ ​mass​ ​move​ ​with​ ​uniform​ ​velocities​ ​v​ ​and​ ​3​v​.​ ​Find
the​ ​ratio​ ​of​ ​their​ ​kinetic​ ​energy. 2​ ​marks
4.

In​ ​which​ ​of​ ​the​ ​glass​ ​jars​ ​will​ ​the​ ​ice​ ​melt​ ​first?​ ​Explain 2​ ​marks

5. A​ ​teacher​ ​explained​ ​in​ ​his​ ​class​ ​about​ ​an​ ​element​ ​which​ ​exists​ ​in​ ​two​ ​isotopic
​ X​ ​and​ 15​
forms,​ 14​ ​ X.​ ​The​ ​average​ ​atomic​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​X​ ​was​ ​found​ ​to​ ​be​ ​14.50.​ ​What
would​ ​be​ ​the​ ​respective​ ​percentage​ ​of​ ​the​ ​two​ ​forms,​ 14​
​ X​ ​and​ 15​
​ X? 2​ ​marks

6. Plants​ ​with​ ​conspicuous​ ​reproductive​ ​organs​ ​are​ ​divided​ ​into​ ​two​ ​groups.
Describe​ ​these​ ​groups​ ​in​ ​detail. 3​ ​marks

7. How​ ​is​ ​relative​ ​density​ ​helpful​ ​in​ ​classifying​ ​the​ ​buoyancy​ ​of​ ​objects? 3​ ​marks

8. A​ ​cliff​ ​is​ ​situated​ ​0.6​ ​km​ ​away.​ ​A​ ​child​ ​hears​ ​an​ ​echo​ ​after​ ​4​ ​s.​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​speed
of​ ​sound​ ​in​ ​air? 3​ ​marks

9. A​​ ​reacts​ ​with​ ​B​ ​to​ ​produce​ ​C​ ​and​ ​D​.​ ​The​ ​chemical​ ​equation​ ​involved​ ​in​ ​the
reaction​ ​is​ ​as​ ​follows:
A​ ​+​ ​B​ ​→​ ​C​ ​+​ ​D
The​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​B,​ ​C​ ​and​ ​D​ ​is​ ​24​ ​g,​ ​12​ ​g​ ​and​ ​20​ ​g​ ​respectively.​ ​Calculate​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​of
A. 3​ ​marks

10. A​ ​4​ ​kg​ ​mass​ ​is​ ​thrown​ ​up​ ​with​ ​a​ ​velocity​ ​of​ ​20m/s.​ ​What​ ​will​ ​be​ ​its​ ​potential
energy​ ​after​ ​2​ ​s?​ ​(​g​ ​=​ l/”​
​ 10​ ​m/s​2​) 3​ ​marks

11. What​ ​are​ ​vectors?​ ​Using​ ​an​ ​example,​ ​show​ ​how​ ​they​ ​spread​ ​diseases.​ ​Also
mention​ ​measures​ ​to​ ​prevent​ ​the​ ​spread​ ​of​ ​diseases​ ​through​ ​vectors. 3​ ​marks

12. A​ ​man​ ​takes​ ​two​ ​steps​ ​forward​ ​and​ ​one​ ​step​ ​backward​ ​in​ ​one​ ​second.​ ​If​ ​the
length​ ​of​ ​his​ ​step​ ​is​ ​0.5​ ​m,​ ​then​ ​what​ ​is​ ​the​ ​distance​ ​covered​ ​by​ ​him​ ​in​ ​10
seconds?​ ​Also​ ​calculate​ ​his​ ​displacement​ ​at​ ​the​ ​end​ ​of​ ​this​ ​time​ ​period. 3​ ​marks
13. Mr.​ ​Vinod​ ​Sinha​ ​was​ ​worried​ ​about​ ​the​ ​electricity​ ​bill​ ​that​ ​he​ ​received​ ​for​ ​the
month​ ​of​ ​May.​ ​He​ ​decided​ ​to​ ​save​ ​on​ ​electricity​ ​to​ ​reduce​ ​the​ ​cost​ ​of​ ​the​ ​bill.​ ​He
started​ ​noticing​ ​the​ ​electrical​ ​consumption​ ​of​ ​various​ ​appliances​ ​along​ ​with​ ​the
time​ ​for​ ​the​ ​which​ ​they​ ​are​ ​used.​ ​He​ ​observed​ ​that​ ​the​ ​appliances​ ​that​ ​consume​ ​a
large​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​electricity​ ​are​ ​four​ ​tube​ ​lights​ ​of​ ​60​ ​W​ ​each,​ ​four​ ​fans​ ​of​ ​75​ ​W
each​ ​and​ ​one​ ​air​ ​conditioner​ ​of​ ​4000​ ​W​ ​for​ ​12​ ​hours​ ​in​ ​a​ ​day.​ ​ ​He​ ​conveyed​ ​to
the​ ​family​ ​members​ ​that​ ​energy-guzzling​ ​appliance​ ​ought​ ​to​ ​be​ ​used​ ​wisely​ ​and
suggested​ ​some​ ​measures​ ​for​ ​the​ ​same.
(a) What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​total​ ​energy​ ​consumption​ ​for​ ​the​ ​month​ ​of​ ​May?
(b) What​ ​values​ ​of​ ​Mr.​ ​Sinha​ ​are​ ​highlighted​ ​here? 3​ ​marks

14. If​ ​20​ ​g​ ​of​ ​sugar​ ​is​ ​dissolved​ ​in​ ​300​ ​g​ ​of​ ​water,​ ​then​ ​what​ ​is​ ​the​ ​concentration​ ​of
the​ ​solution​ ​in​ ​terms​ ​of​ ​mass​ ​percentage? 3​ ​marks

15. The​ ​given​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​how​ ​the​ ​speed​ ​of​ ​a​ ​car​ ​changes​ ​with​ ​time.

Answer​ ​the​ ​following​ ​questions​.

(a)​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​initial​ ​speed​ ​of​ ​the​ ​car?
(b)​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​maximum​ ​speed​ ​attained​ ​by​ ​it?
(c)​ ​Which​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​zero​ ​acceleration?
(d)​ ​Which​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​retardation?
(e)​ ​Which​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​positive​ ​acceleration? 3​ ​marks

16. A​ ​person​ ​has​ ​near​ ​and​ ​far​ ​points​ ​at​ ​30​ ​cm​ ​and​ ​300​ ​cm​ ​respectively.​ ​He​ ​is​ ​not​ ​able 5​ ​marks
 to​ ​read​ ​book​ ​at​ ​20​ ​cm.​ ​Find​ ​the​ ​power​ ​of​ ​the​ ​lens​ ​he​ ​should​ ​use.​ ​Also​ ​find​ ​the
maximum​ ​distance​ ​clearly​ ​visible​ ​using​ ​this​ ​lens.
(a)​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​total​ ​energy​ ​consumed​ ​in​ ​Mr.​ ​Sinha's​ ​household?
(b)​ ​What​ ​values​ ​are​ ​shown​ ​by​ ​Mr.​ ​Sinha?

17. An​ ​element​ ​'X'​ ​belong​ ​to​ ​3rd​​ ​ ​period​ ​and​ ​group​ ​13​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Modern​ ​Periodic​ ​Table.

(a)​ ​Determine​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​valence​ ​electrons​ ​and​ ​the​ ​valency​ ​of​ ​'X'.
(b)​ ​What​ ​is​ ​the​ ​molecular​ ​formula​ ​of​ ​the​ ​compound​ ​formed​ ​when​ ​'X'​ ​reacts​ ​with
an​ ​element​ ​'Y'?​ ​(atomic​ ​number​ ​=​ ​8).
(c)​ ​Write​ ​the​ ​name​ ​and​ ​formula​ ​of​ ​the​ ​compound​ ​formed​ ​when​ ​'X'​ ​combines​ ​with
chlorine. 5​ ​marks

18. (a)​ ​The​ ​cell​ ​membrane​ ​is​ ​considered​ ​to​ ​be​ ​selectively​ ​permeable.​ ​Justify.
(b)​ ​Answer​ ​the​ ​following​ ​questions​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​given​ ​setup.

(i)​ ​Which​ ​process​ ​is​ ​taking​ ​place​ ​in​ ​the​ ​given​ ​setup?
(ii)​ ​In​ ​which​ ​direction​ ​does​ ​the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​water​ ​take​ ​place?
(iii)​ ​When​ ​will​ ​the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​water​ ​stop? 5​ ​marks

19. Shyam​ ​recently​ ​got​ ​the​ ​brakes​ ​of​ ​his​ ​bicycle​ ​repaired.​ ​He​ ​noted​ ​that​ ​his​ ​mechanic
first​ ​unscrewed​ ​the​ ​screw​ ​in​ ​the​ ​brake​ ​pad​ ​to​ ​its​ ​minimum​ ​mark​ ​and​ ​then
tightened​ ​the​ ​screw​ ​by​ ​turning​ ​it​ ​for​ ​5​ ​complete​ ​revolutions.
Shyam’s​ ​bicycle​ ​weighs​ ​70​ ​kg​ ​and​ ​he​ ​himself​ ​weighs​ ​30​ ​kg.​ ​While​ ​riding​ ​his
bicycle​ ​at​ ​a​ ​speed​ ​of​ ​20m/s,​ ​he​ ​suddenly​ ​applies​ ​brakes​ ​on​ ​seeing​ ​a​ ​pothole​ ​on
the​ ​road.​ ​He​ ​applies​ ​brakes​ ​20​ ​m​ ​ahead​ ​of​ ​the​ ​pothole​ ​and​ ​manages​ ​to​ ​stop​ ​just
before​ ​the​ ​pothole.
(a)​ ​Find​ ​the​ ​force​ ​that​ ​the​ ​brake​ ​pads​ ​exert​ ​on​ ​the​ ​wheels​ ​with​ ​one​ ​revolution
(after​ ​the​ ​minimum​ ​mark)​ ​of​ ​brake​ ​screw​ ​when​ ​the​ ​brake​ ​is​ ​fully-pressed. 5​ ​marks
 (b)​ ​If​ ​the​ ​screw​ ​had​ ​been​ ​turned​ ​to​ ​4​ ​revolutions​ ​(after​ ​the​ ​minimum​ ​mark)
during​ ​repair,​ ​then​ ​find​ ​the​ ​distance​ ​before​ ​which​ ​Shyam​ ​would​ ​have​ ​had​ ​to
apply​ ​the​ ​brakes​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​avoid​ ​falling​ ​into​ ​the​ ​pothole.

20. Answer​ ​the​ ​following:

(a)​ ​Name​ ​the​ ​processes​ ​by​ ​which​ ​water​ ​present​ ​on​ ​earth’s​ ​surface​ ​enters​ ​the
atmosphere​ ​during​ ​the​ ​water​ ​cycle.
(b)​ ​Why​ ​does​ ​water​ ​from​ ​deep​ ​dam​ ​reservoirs​ ​kill​ ​organisms​ ​when​ ​it​ ​is​ ​released
into​ ​the​ ​river?
(c)​ ​How​ ​does​ ​water​ ​pollution​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​a​ ​decrease​ ​in​ ​fish​ ​population? 5​ ​marks

21. (a)​​ ​Suggest​ ​an​ ​activity​ ​to​ ​show​ ​that​ ​matter​ ​is​ ​particulate​ ​in​ ​nature.
(b)​​ ​How​ ​is​ ​the​ ​fragrance​ ​of​ ​a​ ​deodorant​ ​detected​ ​from​ ​a​ ​distance? 5​ ​marks

Section​ ​-​ ​B

22. Piyush​ ​cut​ ​a​ ​branch​ ​of​ ​a​ ​dicot​ ​plant​ ​and​ ​put​ ​it​ ​in​ ​blue​ ​ink.​ ​After​ ​2​ ​hours,​ ​he
observed​ ​that​ ​the​ ​leaves​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​the​ ​stem​ ​had​ ​turned​ ​blue.​ ​He​ ​cut​ ​the
transverse​ ​section​ ​of​ ​a​ ​leaf​ ​and​ ​stem​ ​of​ ​the​ ​same​ ​plant​ ​and​ ​observed​ ​them​ ​under
the​ ​microscope.

Which​ ​labelled​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​stem​ ​and​ ​leaf​ ​would​ ​have​ ​turned​ ​blue​ ​first?​ ​Give
reasons​ ​in​ ​support​ ​of​ ​your​ ​answer. 2​ ​marks

23. Mixture​ ​X​ ​contains​ ​salt​ ​in​ ​water​ ​and​ ​mixture​ ​Y​ ​is​ ​made​ ​by​ ​adding​ ​some​ ​sand​ ​to
water.​ ​Mixture​ ​X​ ​is​ ​added​ ​to​ ​mixture​ ​Y.​ ​Which​ ​separation​ ​technique​ ​can​ ​be​ ​used
to​ ​separate​ ​the​ ​three​ ​components​ ​of​ ​the​ ​final​ ​mixture? 2​ ​marks
24. Why​ ​did​ ​Rutherford​ ​use​ ​alpha​ ​rays,​ ​not​ ​beta​ ​or​ ​gamma​ ​rays,​ ​in​ ​his​ ​experiment? 2​ ​marks

25. The​ ​given​ ​illustration​ ​represents​ ​an​ ​animal​ ​cell.

Which​ ​labelled​ ​structure​ ​contains​ ​chromosomes?​ ​What​ ​role​ ​do​ ​chromosomes

play​ ​in​ ​cellular​ ​reproduction? 2​ ​marks

26. Which​ ​physical​ ​quantity​ ​of​ ​sound​ ​remains​ ​unchanged​ ​when​ ​a​ ​sound​ ​wave​ ​enters
from​ ​one​ ​medium​ ​to​ ​another?​ ​Which​ ​characteristic​ ​of​ ​sound​ ​is​ ​affected​ ​by​ ​this
physical​ ​quantity? 2​ ​marks

27. The​ ​velocities of​ ​a​ ​car​ ​at​ ​different​ ​intervals​ ​of​ ​time​ ​are​ ​shown​ ​in​ ​the​ ​given
velocity-time​ ​graph.

Which​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​given​ ​graph​ ​represents​ ​constant​ ​acceleration?​ ​Justify​ ​your
answer.
2​ ​marks
 Solutions

1. Industries​ ​release​ ​acidic​ ​gases​ ​such​ ​as​ ​oxides​ ​of​ ​sulphur​ ​and​ ​nitrogen​ ​into​ ​the
atmosphere.​ ​These​ ​gases​ ​react​ ​in​ ​atmosphere​ ​to​ ​give​ ​rise​ ​to​ ​acid​ ​droplets​ ​that​ ​fall​ ​as​ ​acid
rain.​ ​Thus,​ ​acid​ ​rains​ ​are​ ​more​ ​likely​ ​to​ ​occur​ ​at​ ​these​ ​places.

2. Pair​ ​of​ ​soybean​ ​and​ ​maize​ ​is​ ​chosen​ ​for​ ​intercropping​ ​because​ ​soybean​ ​is​ ​a​ ​legume
while​ ​maize​ ​is​ ​a​ ​cereal.​ ​The​ ​nitrogen​ ​used​ ​by​ ​maize​ ​from​ ​the​ ​soil​ ​is​ ​replenished​ ​by
soybean​ ​when​ ​grown​ ​in​ ​sequence.​ ​Therefore,​ ​maximum​ ​utilisation​ ​of​ ​nutrients​ ​is
ensured.

3. It​ ​is​ ​given​ ​that​ ​the​ ​masses​ ​of​ ​the​ ​two​ ​bodies​ ​are​ ​equal.​ ​Let​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​each​ ​body​ ​be​ ​m​.
Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​first​ ​body​ ​=​ ​m
Velocity​ ​of​ ​the​ ​first​ ​body​ ​=​ ​v

Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​second​ ​body​ ​=​ ​m

Velocity​ ​of​ ​the​ ​second​ ​body​ ​=​ ​3​v

To​ ​find​ ​the​ ​ratio​ ​of​ ​the​ ​kinetic​ ​energy​ ​of​ ​the​ ​two​ ​bodies,​ ​we​ ​should​ ​divide​ ​equation​ ​(​i​)
by​ ​equation​ ​(​ii​).
Thus,​ ​we​ ​get
 Therefore,​ ​the​ ​ratio​ ​of​ ​the​ ​kinetic​ ​energy​ ​of​ ​the​ ​two​ ​bodies​ ​is​ ​1​ ​:​ ​9.

4. The​ ​ice​ ​kept​ ​in​ ​ice​ ​tray​ ​of​ ​glass​ ​jar​ ​I​ ​will​ ​melt​ ​first​ ​as​ ​the​ ​mouse​ ​will​ ​release​ ​carbon
dioxide​ ​gas​ ​whereas​ ​the​ ​plant​ ​will​ ​absorb​ ​it.​ ​Carbon​ ​dioxide​ ​is​ ​a​ ​greenhouse​ ​gas​ ​and​ ​will
cause​ ​the​ ​temperature​ ​inside​ ​the​ ​jar​ ​to​ ​increase.​ ​This​ ​increase​ ​in​ ​temperature​ ​will​ ​cause
the​ ​ice​ ​kept​ ​in​ ​glass​ ​jar​ ​I​ ​to​ ​melt​ ​faster.

5. Let​ ​x​ ​be​ ​the​ ​percentage​ ​of​ 14​ ​ X​ ​will​ ​be​ ​(100​ ​−​ ​x​).
​ X.​ ​Then,​ ​the​ ​percentage​ ​of​ 15​
Since​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​an​ ​atom​ ​of​ ​any​ ​natural​ ​element​ ​is​ ​taken​ ​as​ ​the​ ​average​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​all​ ​the
naturally​ ​occurring​ ​atoms​ ​of​ ​that​ ​element,​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​X​ ​is:

​ X​ ​=​ ​x​ ​=​ ​50%

Percentage​ ​of​ 14​
Percentage​ ​of​ 15​
​ X​ ​=​ ​100​ ​−​ ​x
​ ​=​ ​100​ ​−​ ​50
​ ​=​ ​50%

6. Plants​ ​with​ ​conspicuous​ ​reproductive​ ​organs​ ​are​ ​of​ ​two​ ​types:

● Gymnosperms​ ​−​ ​Gymnosperms​ ​are​ ​seed-bearing,​ ​non-flowering​ ​plants.​ ​They​ ​are
perennial​ ​plants​ ​that​ ​grow​ ​as​ ​woody​ ​trees​ ​or​ ​bushy​ ​shrubs.​ ​Flowers​ ​are​ ​absent.
Instead,​ ​male​ ​and​ ​female​ ​cones​ ​are​ ​found.​ ​Seeds​ ​are​ ​produced​ ​naked​ ​i.e.,​ ​they
are​ ​not​ ​enclosed​ ​inside​ ​the​ ​fruit.
● Angiosperms​ ​−​ ​Angiosperms​ ​are​ ​flowering​ ​plants​ ​in​ ​which​ ​seeds​ ​are​ ​enclosed
inside​ ​the​ ​fruit.​ ​These​ ​plants​ ​bear​ ​flowers​ ​that​ ​consist​ ​of​ ​four​ ​whorls​ ​−​ ​calyx,
corolla,​ ​androecium,​ ​and​ ​gynoecium.​ ​Seeds​ ​develop​ ​inside​ ​the​ ​ovary,​ ​which
develops​ ​into​ ​a​ ​fruit.
7. Relative​ ​density​ ​of​ ​an​ ​object​ ​is​ ​the​ ​ratio​ ​of​ ​the​ ​density​ ​of​ ​the​ ​object​ ​to​ ​that​ ​of​ ​water.
Therefore,​ ​objects​ ​with​ ​relative​ ​density
● less​ ​than​ ​one​ ​i.e.,​ ​less​ ​than​ ​that​ ​of​ ​water,​ ​will​ ​float​ ​on​ ​water
● more​ ​than​ ​one​ ​i.e.,​ ​greater​ ​than​ ​that​ ​of​ ​water,​ ​will​ ​sink​ ​in​ ​water
● equal​ ​to​ ​one​ ​i.e.,​ ​equal​ ​to​ ​that​ ​of​ ​water,​ ​will​ ​float​ ​where​ ​it​ ​is​ ​dropped​ ​in​ ​water

8. It​ ​is​ ​given​ ​that:

Time,​ ​t​ ​=​ ​4​ ​s
Distance,​ ​d​ ​=​ ​0.06​ ​km​ ​=​ ​0.6​ ​×​ ​1,000​ ​m​ ​=​ ​600​ ​m
Applying​ ​the​ ​formula:
2​d​ ​=​ ​v​ ​×​ ​t​ ​(where​ ​v​ ​is​ ​velocity)
2​ ​×​ ​600​ ​=​ ​v​ ​×​ ​4

v​ ​
=​ ​300​ ​m/s
Therefore,​ ​the​ ​speed​ ​of​ ​sound​ ​is​ ​300​ ​m/s.

9. According​ ​to​ ​the​ ​law​ ​of​ ​conservation​ ​of​ ​mass,​ ​mass​ ​can​ ​neither​ ​be​ ​created​ ​nor​ ​be
destroyed​ ​in​ ​a​ ​chemical​ ​reaction.​ ​Hence,​ ​in​ ​a​ ​chemical​ ​reaction,​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​reactants
is​ ​equal​ ​to​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​products​ ​obtained.
Thus,​ ​in​ ​the​ ​given​ ​chemical​ ​equation:
Mass​ ​of​ ​A​ ​+​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​B​ ​=​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​C​ ​+​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​D
Therefore,​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​A​ ​+​ ​24​ ​=​ ​12​ ​+​ ​20
Mass​ ​of​ ​A​ ​=​ ​32​ ​−​ ​24​ ​=​ ​8
Hence,​ ​in​ ​the​ ​given​ ​chemical​ ​reaction,​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​A​ ​is​ ​8​ ​g.

10. It​ ​is​ ​given​ ​that:

Mass,​ ​m​ ​=​ ​4​ ​kg
Initial​ ​velocity,​ ​u​ ​=​ ​20​ ​m/s
Time,​ ​t​ ​=​ ​2​ ​s
From​ ​2nd​ ​equation​ ​of​ ​motion:
s​ ​=​ ​ut​ ​+​ ​(​½)​ ​at2​
where​ ​s​ ​=​ ​distance,​ ​u​ ​=​ ​initial​ ​velocity,​ ​a​ ​=​ ​acceleration,​ ​t​ ​=​ ​time
s​ ​=​ ​20​ ​×​ ​2​ ​−(½)×10​ ​×​ ​(2)​2​​ ​[​g​ ​is​ ​taken​ ​as​ ​−10​ ​m/s​2​​ ​because​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​is​ ​thrown​ ​up]
s​ ​=​ ​40​ ​−​ ​20
s​ ​=​ ​20​ ​m
 Therefore,​ ​height,​ ​h​ ​=​ ​20​ ​m
Potential​ ​energy​ ​=​ ​mgh
=​ ​4​ ​×​ ​10​ ​×​ ​20
=​ ​800​ ​J

11. Vectors​ ​are​ ​organisms​ ​that​ ​do​ ​not​ ​cause​ ​a​ ​disease​ ​themselves,​ ​but​ ​spread​ ​the​ ​infection
by​ ​transferring​ ​the​ ​disease-causing​ ​microbe​ ​from​ ​the​ ​infected​ ​person​ ​to​ ​others.
For​ ​example,​ ​the​ ​female​ ​Anopheles​ ​mosquito​ ​does​ ​not​ ​cause​ ​malaria,​ ​but​ ​carries​ ​the
parasite​ ​Plasmodium​ ​in​ ​its​ ​saliva.​ ​When​ ​the​ ​mosquito​ ​bites​ ​a​ ​healthy​ ​person,
Plasmodium​ ​is​ ​introduced​ ​into​ ​his​ ​blood,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​person​ ​develops​ ​malaria.
Vector-borne​ ​diseases​ ​can​ ​be​ ​prevented​ ​by​ ​maintaining​ ​a​ ​clean​ ​environment​ ​and
preventing​ ​mosquitoes​ ​from​ ​breeding.

12. In​ ​one​ ​second,​ ​the​ ​man​ ​takes​ ​a​ ​total​ ​of​ ​3​ ​steps.
Therefore,​ ​in​ ​10​ ​s,​ ​the​ ​man​ ​takes​ ​a​ ​total​ ​of​ ​(3​ ​×​ ​10)​ ​steps​ ​=​ ​30​ ​steps
Distance​ ​covered​ ​with​ ​one​ ​step​ ​=​ ​0.5​ ​m
Therefore,​ ​in​ ​10​ ​s,​ ​the​ ​man​ ​covers​ ​a​ ​total​ ​distance​ ​of​ ​(30​ ​×​ ​0.5)​ ​m​ ​=​ ​15​ ​m
Net​ ​displacement​ ​in​ ​one​ ​second​ ​=​ ​[(2​ ​−​ ​1)​ ​×​ ​0.5]​ ​m​ ​=​ ​1​ ​×​ ​0.5​ ​m
Therefore,​ ​net​ ​displacement​ ​in​ ​10​ ​s​ ​=​ ​(10​ ​×​ ​0.5)​ ​m​ ​=​ ​5​ ​m

13. (a)​ ​Total​ ​power​ ​of​ ​all​ ​appliances​ ​=​ ​(60​ ​×​ ​4)​ ​+​ ​(75​ ​×​ ​4)​ ​+​ ​4000​ ​=​ ​4540​ ​W
Total​ ​time​ ​the​ ​appliances​ ​are​ ​run​ ​in​ ​one​ ​day​ ​=​ ​12​ ​hr
Energy​ ​consumption​ ​by​ ​all​ ​appliances​ ​in​ ​one​ ​day​ ​=​ ​4540​ ​×​ ​12​ ​=​ ​54480​ ​or​ ​54.48​ ​kWh
Energy​ ​consumption​ ​for​ ​the​ ​month​ ​of​ ​May​ ​=​ ​54.48​ ​×​ ​31​ ​=​ ​1688.8​ ​units

(b)​ ​The​ ​values​ ​shown​ ​by​ ​Mr.​ ​Sinha​ ​are:

(i)​ ​Concern​ ​towards​ ​the​ ​usage​ ​of​ ​energy
(ii)​ ​Spreading​ ​awareness​ ​about​ ​conserving​ ​energy

14. Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​solute​ ​(sugar)​ ​=​ ​20​ ​g

Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​solvent​ ​(water)​ ​=​ ​300​ ​g
Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​solution​ ​=​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​solute​ ​+​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​the​ ​solvent
=​ ​20​ ​g​ ​+​ ​300​ ​g
 =​ ​320​ ​g

15. (a)​ ​The​ ​initial​ ​speed​ ​of​ ​the​ ​car​ ​is​ ​10​ ​km/h.
(b)​ ​The​ ​maximum​ ​speed​ ​attained​ ​by​ ​it​ ​is​ ​25​ ​km/h.
(c)​ ​The​ ​part​ ​BC​ ​of​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​zero​ ​acceleration.
(d)​ ​The​ ​part​ ​CD​​ ​of​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​retardation.
(e)​ ​The​ ​part​ ​AB​​ ​of​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​shows​ ​positive​ ​acceleration.

16. As​ ​the​ ​near​ ​point​ ​of​ ​the​ ​person​ ​is​ ​30​ ​cm,​ ​the​ ​book​ ​placed​ ​at​ ​20​ ​cm​ ​from​ ​the​ ​lens​ ​should
produce​ ​a​ ​virtual​ ​image​ ​at​ ​30​ ​cm.
So
Object​ ​distance,​ ​u​ ​=​ ​−20cm
Image​ ​distance,​ ​u​ ​=​ ​−30cm
Using​ ​lens​ ​formula,​ ​we​ ​get

⇒f​ ​=​ ​+60​ ​cm

 Now,​ ​the​ ​person​ ​can​ ​see​ ​the​ ​object​ ​up​ ​to​ ​300​ ​cm.
After​ ​using​ ​the​ ​lens,​ ​suppose​ ​he​ ​can​ ​see​ ​object​ ​up​ ​to​ ​distance​ ​d,
Then,​ ​the​ ​object​ ​placed​ ​at​ ​a​ ​distance​ ​d​ ​should​ ​have​ ​an​ ​image​ ​produced​ ​by​ ​the​ ​lens​ ​at​ ​300
cm.
Thus,

Thus,​ ​the​ ​person​ ​is​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see​ ​up​ ​to​ ​a​ ​distance​ ​of​ ​50​ ​cm.

17. Group​ ​of​ ​element​ ​X​ ​=​ ​13

Period​ ​of​ ​element​ ​X​ ​=​ ​3
Atomic​ ​number​ ​of​ ​element​ ​X​ ​=​ ​13
Electronic​ ​configuration​ ​of​ ​element​ ​X​ ​=​ ​2,​ ​8,​ ​3

(a)​ ​Number​ ​of​ ​valence​ ​electrons​ ​of​ ​element​ ​X​ ​=​ ​3

Valency​ ​of​ ​element​ ​X​ ​=​ ​3

(b)​ ​Atomic​ ​number​ ​of​ ​element​ ​Y​ ​=​ ​8

Electronic​ ​configuration​ ​of​ ​element​ ​Y​ ​=​ ​2,​ ​6
Number​ ​of​ ​valence​ ​electrons​ ​of​ ​element​ ​Y​ ​=​ ​6
Valency​ ​of​ ​element​ ​Y​ ​=​ ​8​ ​−​ ​6​ ​=​ ​2
Molecular​ ​formula​ ​of​ ​the​ ​compound​ ​formed​ ​by​ ​X​ ​and​ ​Y​ ​=​ ​X​2​Y​3
 (c)​ ​Atomic​ ​number​ ​of​ ​chlorine​ ​=​ ​17
Electronic​ ​configuration​ ​of​ ​chlorine​ ​=​ ​2,​ ​8,​ ​7
Number​ ​of​ ​valence​ ​electrons​ ​of​ ​chlorine​ ​=​ ​7
Valency​ ​of​ ​chlorine​ ​=​ ​8​ ​−​ ​7​ ​=​ ​1
Molecular​ ​formula​ ​of​ ​the​ ​compound​ ​formed​ ​by​ ​X​ ​and​ ​Cl​ ​=​ ​XCl​3
X​ ​=​ ​Aluminium​ ​(Al)
Hence,​ ​the​ ​name​ ​of​ ​the​ ​compound​ ​is​ ​aluminium​ ​chloride​ ​(AlCl​3​).

18. (a)​​ ​The​ ​cell​ ​membrane​ ​is​ ​a​ ​delicate,​ ​elastic​ ​membrane​ ​that​ ​surrounds​ ​the​ ​cell.​ ​It
regulates​ ​the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​substances​ ​in​ ​and​ ​out​ ​of​ ​the​ ​cell.​ ​Since​ ​it​ ​allows​ ​the​ ​entry​ ​or
exit​ ​of​ ​only​ ​some​ ​selective​ ​substances​ ​and​ ​prevents​ ​the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​others,​ ​it​ ​is
referred​ ​to​ ​as​ ​selectively​ ​permeable​ ​membrane.
(b)​ ​(i)​ ​Osmosis​ ​is​ ​taking​ ​place​ ​in​ ​the​ ​given​ ​setup​ ​since​ ​the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​water​ ​will​ ​take
place​ ​through​ ​a​ ​selectively​ ​permeable​ ​membrane.
(ii)​ ​The​ ​concentration​ ​of​ ​water​ ​is​ ​more​ ​in​ ​chamber​ ​B​.​ ​Hence,​ ​the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​water
will​ ​take​ ​place​ ​from​ ​chamber​ ​B​ ​to​ ​chamber​ ​A​.
(iii)​ ​When​ ​the​ ​concentration​ ​of​ ​water​ ​on​ ​either​ ​side​ ​of​ ​the​ ​membrane​ ​will​ ​become​ ​equal,
the​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​water​ ​will​ ​stop.

19. (a)​​ ​Given​ ​that,

Final​ ​velocity,​v​ ​=​ ​0​ ​m/s
Initial​ ​velocity,​ ​u​ ​=​ ​20​ ​m/s
Distance,​ ​s​ ​=​ ​20​ ​m
Applying​ ​third​ ​equation​ ​of​ ​motion,
v2​​ ​ ​=​ ​u2​​ ​ ​+​ ​2​ ​as​ ​[Where,​ ​a​ ​=​ ​acceleration]
a​ ​=​ ​−10​ ​m/s​2
Total​ ​mass,​ ​m​ ​=​ ​Mass​ ​of​ ​bicycle​ ​+​ ​Shyam‘s​ ​mass​ ​=​ ​70​ ​+​ ​30​ ​=​ ​100​ ​kg
Therefore,​ ​total​ ​force​ ​needed,​ ​F​ ​=​ ​Mass​ ​×​ ​Acceleration​ ​=​ ​100​ ​×​ ​10​ ​=​ ​1000​ ​N
5​ ​turns​ ​of​ ​screw​ ​give​ ​a​ ​total​ ​force​ ​of​ ​1000​ ​N.
 Hence,​ ​one​ ​turn​ ​will​ ​give​ ​ 200​ ​N.
Thus,​ ​the​ ​force​ ​exerted​ ​by​ ​one​ ​revolution​ ​is​ ​200​ ​N.

(b)​ ​Force​ ​exerted​ ​by​ ​4​ ​turns​ ​=​ ​200​ ​×​ ​4​ ​=​ ​800​ ​N

Retardation​ ​provided​ ​by​ ​brakes​ ​ ​​ ​ ​=​ ​8​ ​m/s​2

Now,​ ​final​ ​velocity,​ ​v​ ​=​ ​0​ ​m/s​2
Initial​ ​velocity,​ ​u​ ​=​ ​20​ ​m/s
Acceleration,​ ​a​ ​=​ ​−8​ ​m/s​2
Applying​ ​third​ ​equation​ ​of​ ​motion,
v2​​ ​ ​=​ ​u2​​ ​ ​+​ ​2​ ​as
0​ ​=​ ​400​ ​−​ ​2​ ​×​ ​8​ ​×​ ​s
s​ ​=​ ​12.5​ ​m
Hence,​ ​Shyam​ ​would​ ​have​ ​had​ ​to​ ​apply​ ​the​ ​brakes​ ​12.5​ ​m​ ​before​ ​the​ ​pothole​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to
avoid​ ​falling​ ​in​ ​it.
Applying​ ​first​ ​equation​ ​of​ ​motion,
v​ ​=​ ​u​ ​+​ ​at
0​ ​=​ ​20​ ​−​ ​8​ ​×​ ​t
t​ ​=​ ​2.5​ ​s
Therefore,​ ​the​ ​time​ ​taken​ ​to​ ​stop​ ​is​ ​2.5​ ​s.

20. (a)​ ​The​ ​processes​ ​by​ ​which​ ​water​ ​present​ ​on​ ​earth’s​ ​surface​ ​enters​ ​the​ ​atmosphere​ ​are
evaporation​ ​and​ ​transpiration.

(b)​ ​A​ ​change​ ​in​ ​the​ ​temperature​ ​of​ ​water​ ​can​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​pollution.​ ​The​ ​water​ ​discharged
from​ ​industrial​ ​operations​ ​that​ ​use​ ​water​ ​as​ ​a​ ​coolant​ ​is​ ​hot​ ​when​ ​released.​ ​When​ ​this
hot​ ​water​ ​flows​ ​into​ ​rivers​ ​or​ ​lakes,​ ​it​ ​increases​ ​the​ ​temperature​ ​of​ ​water,​ ​thereby
affecting​ ​living​ ​organisms.

(c)​ ​When​ ​chemicals​ ​(excess​ ​of​ ​fertilisers​ ​and​ ​pesticides)​ ​enter​ ​water​ ​bodies,​ ​they​ ​cause
 an​ ​increase​ ​in​ ​the​ ​growth​ ​of​ ​algae​ ​(this​ ​process​ ​is​ ​called​ ​eutrophication).​ ​This​ ​excess
growth​ ​covers​ ​the​ ​surface​ ​of​ ​water​ ​and​ ​reduces​ ​the​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​oxygen​ ​available​ ​to​ ​the
aquatic​ ​organisms.​ ​Consequently,​ ​the​ ​fishes​ ​die​ ​and​ ​hence​ ​their​ ​population​ ​decreases.

21. (a)​ ​50​ ​mL​ ​water​ ​was​ ​in​ ​a​ ​beaker.​ ​The​ ​level​ ​of​ ​water​ ​in​ ​the​ ​beaker​ ​was​ ​marked.​ ​Some​ ​salt
was​ ​added​ ​to​ ​the​ ​beaker​ ​and​ ​stirred​ ​well.​ ​The​ ​level​ ​of​ ​water​ ​was​ ​observed.​ ​Some​ ​more
salt​ ​was​ ​added​ ​and​ ​the​ ​above​ ​procedure​ ​was​ ​repeated.

Figure:​ ​Dissolving​ ​salt​ ​in​ ​water

It​ ​will​ ​be​ ​observed​ ​that​ ​salt​ ​disappears​ ​after​ ​being​ ​added​ ​to​ ​water.​ ​However,​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no
change​ ​in​ ​the​ ​level​ ​of​ ​water​ ​in​ ​the​ ​beaker.
This​ ​observation​ ​can​ ​be​ ​explained​ ​if​ ​we​ ​assume​ ​that​ ​matter​ ​is​ ​made​ ​up​ ​of​ ​particles.​ ​A
chunk​ ​of​ ​salt​ ​consists​ ​of​ ​numerous​ ​salt​ ​crystals.​ ​Each​ ​crystal​ ​of​ ​salt​ ​is​ ​made​ ​up​ ​of​ ​many
salt​ ​particles.​ ​These​ ​particles​ ​become​ ​dissociated​ ​from​ ​each​ ​other​ ​and​ ​spread​ ​uniformly
among​ ​the​ ​particles​ ​of​ ​water.​ ​Thus,​ ​the​ ​level​ ​of​ ​water​ ​in​ ​the​ ​beaker​ ​remains​ ​the​ ​same.
Hence,​ ​it​ ​can​ ​be​ ​concluded​ ​that​ ​matter​ ​is​ ​made​ ​up​ ​of​ ​particles​ ​i.e.​ ​matter​ ​is​ ​particulate​ ​in
nature.
(b)​ ​The​ ​particles​ ​of​ ​a​ ​matter​ ​are​ ​in​ ​continuous​ ​motion.​ ​The​ ​particles​ ​of​ ​deodorant​ ​get
mixed​ ​with​ ​air​ ​and​ ​get​ ​diffused​ ​in​ ​it.​ ​Since​ ​the​ ​process​ ​of​ ​diffusion​ ​is​ ​very​ ​fast​ ​in​ ​gases,
the​ ​smell​ ​of​ ​a​ ​deodorant​ ​can​ ​be​ ​detected​ ​even​ ​from​ ​a​ ​distance.

22. In​ ​plants,​ ​xylem​ ​is​ ​the​ ​tissue​ ​that​ ​is​ ​responsible​ ​for​ ​the​ ​conduction​ ​of​ ​the​ ​water.​ ​Hence,
the​ ​blue​ ​colour​ ​will​ ​be​ ​seen​ ​in​ ​the​ ​xylem​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​leaf​ ​and​ ​stem.​ ​Label​ ​I​ ​in​ ​section​ ​of
 stem​ ​and​ ​label​ ​III​​ ​in​ ​section​ ​of​ ​leaf​ ​represent​ ​the​ ​xylem​ ​tissue.​ ​Hence,​ ​part​ ​labelled​ ​as​ ​I
in​ ​stem​ ​and​ ​III​​ ​in​ ​leaf​ ​will​ ​turn​ ​blue​ ​first.

23. Sand​ ​particles​ ​remain​ ​undissolved​ ​in​ ​water.​ ​The​ ​process​ ​of​ ​filtration​ ​is​ ​used​ ​to​ ​separate
the​ ​undissolved​ ​particles​ ​in​ ​a​ ​solution.​ ​Therefore,​ ​sand​ ​can​ ​be​ ​separated​ ​by​ ​the​ ​process
of​ ​filtration.

Now,​ ​a​ ​mixture​ ​of​ ​salt​ ​and​ ​water​ ​is​ ​left.​ ​Salt​ ​is​ ​separated​ ​from​ ​this​ ​solution​ ​by​ ​the
process​ ​of​ ​evaporation.​ ​The​ ​process​ ​of​ ​evaporation​ ​is​ ​used​ ​to​ ​separate​ ​a​ ​solid​ ​substance
dissolved​ ​in​ ​water.​ ​On​ ​evaporating​ ​the​ ​salt​ ​solution,​ ​salt​ ​is​ ​obtained​ ​as​ ​a​ ​residue.

24. Rutherford's​ ​alpha​ ​particle​ ​scattering​ ​experiment​ ​was​ ​conducted​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​verify​ ​the
plum​ ​pudding​ ​model.​ ​Alpha​ ​rays​ ​were​ ​used​ ​because​ ​they​ ​possess​ ​high​ ​speed.​ ​Moreover,
being​ ​heavier​ ​than​ ​beta​ ​and​ ​gamma​ ​particles,​ ​they​ ​have​ ​the​ ​least​ ​penetrating​ ​power.​ ​As​ ​a
result,​ ​the​ ​alpha​ ​particles​ ​would​ ​have​ ​been​ ​least​ ​affected​ ​by​ ​the​ ​electrons​ ​present​ ​in​ ​an
atom​ ​and​ ​had​ ​a​ ​higher​ ​probability​ ​of​ ​giving​ ​the​ ​correct​ ​results.

25. In​ ​the​ ​given​ ​illustration,​ ​label​ ​I​ ​represents​ ​nucleus.​ ​It​ ​contains​ ​chromosomes,​ ​which​ ​are
 visible​ ​only​ ​at​ ​the​ ​time​ ​of​ ​cell​ ​division.​ ​The​ ​chromosomes​ ​are​ ​made​ ​up​ ​of​ ​DNA​ ​and
proteins.​ ​They​ ​ensure​ ​the​ ​equal​ ​distribution​ ​of​ ​DNA​ ​into​ ​the​ ​daughter​ ​cells​ ​produced
during​ ​cellular​ ​reproduction.

26. The​ ​frequency​ ​of​ ​a​ ​sound​ ​wave​ ​does​ ​not​ ​depend​ ​on​ ​the​ ​medium​ ​through​ ​which​ ​it​ ​is
propagating.​ ​For​ ​a​ ​particular​ ​sound​ ​wave,​ ​it​ ​remains​ ​invariant​ ​in​ ​all​ ​media.​ ​Hence,​ ​the
frequency​ ​of​ ​a​ ​given​ ​sound​ ​wave​ ​remains​ ​unchanged​ ​when​ ​the​ ​sound​ ​wave​ ​enters​ ​from
one​ ​medium​ ​to​ ​another.
The​ ​characteristic​ ​of​ ​sound​ ​which​ ​is​ ​affected​ ​by​ ​its​ ​frequency​ ​is​ ​the​ ​pitch​ ​of​ ​the​ ​sound.

27. In​ ​a​ ​velocity-time​ ​graph,​ ​a​ ​line​ ​parallel​ ​to​ ​the​ ​time​ ​axis​ ​represents​ ​no​ ​change​ ​in​ ​velocity.
Since​ ​acceleration​ ​is​ ​defined​ ​as​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​of​ ​change​ ​of​ ​velocity​ ​with​ ​time,​ ​a​ ​line​ ​parallel​ ​to
the​ ​time​ ​axis​ ​in​ ​a​ ​velocity-time​ ​graph​ ​represents​ ​zero​ ​acceleration.​ ​Hence,​ ​the​ ​line
segment​ ​QR​ ​represents​ ​zero​ ​(or​ ​constant)​ ​acceleration​ ​of​ ​the​ ​car.