Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CHAPTER 5
5.1 GENERAL
gushes out of the west coast through the Palghat Gap loses its coolness and
becomes dry by the time it crosses Coimbatore District and reaches Erode
region. Unlike Coimbatore, which is blessed with a health-aiding climate, the
study area has dry weather through out, except during the monsoon season.
Summer season starts from March. The scanty showers during this period do
not provide any relief to the oppressive heat. There is slight improvement in
the climate during June-August. The north-east monsoon sets in vigorosly
only during October-November and by December, the rains disappear
rendering the weather clear and pleasant. Hence, the area generally
experiences dry climatic conditions with a maximum temperature of 40º C
during April and May, and a minimum temperature of 22º C during
November and December.
humid weather (De-Marsily 1986). The other branch, known as the Bay of
Bengal monsoon, moves northward in the Bay of Bengal and spreads over
most of Assam by the first week of June. On encountering the barrier of the
Himalayan Great Range, it is deflected westward along the Indo-Gangetic
Plain towards New Delhi. Thereafter, the two branches merge as a single
current, bringing rains to the remaining parts of North India in July.
The hot season from March through May is the traditional period
when the winter pattern of pressure and winds gets disturbed prior to the
establishment of the summer monsoon; hence, is often referred to as the
38
In Tamil Nadu, May is the hottest month with the mean daily
maximum temperature of 36° C in the plains, and the hilly region in the west
recording about 13° C as the lowest. The highest temperature ever recorded at
an individual station in the plains is 46.3° C at Tirupattur on 4th May 1976,
which was 9.6° C higher than the normal for the warmest month.
Uthagamandalam, a hill station, registered the highest maximum temperature
of 28.5° C on 29th April 1986, which was 5.8° C higher than the normal for
the warmest month.
entire country by the middle of July. It starts retreating from the extreme
north-west by the beginning of September, progressively receding
southwards. Tamil Nadu is considered as a rain shadow region as it lies on the
eastern (leeward side) side of the Western Ghats. The total annual rainfall is
higher over the southern part of the state. In this period, the state receives only
32% of its annual rainfall.
generally occurs during night and early morning hours. Along the east coast,
rainfall occurring during late night and morning hours is a usual feature of the
north-east monsoon.
The base map of the study area was prepared from the Survey of
India toposheets (SOI 1981) on 1:50000 scale. Places in which the rain
gauges are installed (PWD 2002) to measure the rainfall through out the year
are Gobichettipalyam (R1), Perundurai (R2), Anainasuvampalayam (R3),
Bhavanisagar Agri (R4), Bhavani (R5), Bhavanisagar PWD (R6),
Satyamangalam (R7), Kodiveri Anaicut (R8) and Gunderipallam (R9)
(Figure 5.1).
Gobichettipalyam Perundurai
200
Anainasuvampalayam Bhavani
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0 0
b ar pr l ct v c
n b ar r ay n
Ju
l g p ct v c
Ja
n
Fe M ay Jun Ju Aug Se
p
O No De
Ja Fe M Ap M Ju Au Se O No De A M
M onths Months
250 300
200 250
150 200
150
100
100
50 50
0 0
b ar pr l ct ov ec l
n
Ja Fe M ay Jun Ju Aug p n b ar pr ay n Ju Aug p ct ov ec
A M Se O N D J a Fe M A M Ju Se O N D
Months Months
200 150
Avg Rainfall (mm)
150
100
100
50
50
0 0
b ar pr l ct ov ec l
n
Ja Fe M ay Jun Ju Aug p n b ar pr ay un
Ju Aug Sep ct v c
A M Se O N D Ja Fe M A M J O No De
Months Months
Bhavanisagar (Agri)
Average Rainfall (mm)
150
100
50
0
b ar pr ay un l ct
n
Ja Fe M A M J Ju Aug Sep O ov ec
N D
Months
Average
contribution Maximum occurrence Minimum occurrence
Monsoon/
(1995-2004)
Season
In In
In mm In % Station Year In mm Station Year In %
% mm
R2 2004
1995,
R3 2002,
2004
Post-
49.39 6.46 R6 2000 190.20 6.4 R4 2004 0 0
monsoon
(1994,
1995,
R5
2003,
2004)
Pre-
166.52 21.80 R6 2004 418.20 21.7 R7 1998 28 3.4
monsoon
SW
209.91 27.48 R5 1998 606.00 27.3 R1 1997 40.4 19.2
monsoon
NE
338.1 44.26 R7 2005 691.60 44.2 R6 1995 90 36.4
monsoon
44
140 60
120
100
80 40
60
40 20
20
0 0
PM PrM SW NE PM PrM SW NE
Seasons Seasons
Ave rage Se asonal Rainfall at Pe rundurai Ave rage Seasonal Rainfall at Satyam angalam
140
Avg Rainfall (mm)
120 400
100
80 300
60 200
40
100
20
0 0
PM PrM SW NE PM PrM SW NE
Seas ons Seasons
60
Avg Rainfall
30
40
(mm)
20
20
10
0
0 PM PrM SW NE
PM PrM SW NE
Seasons Seasons
100
(mm)
80
60
40
20
0
PM PrM SW NE
Seasons
Average Se asonal Rainfall at Bhavanis agar Ave rage Seas onal Rainfall at Bhavani
PWD
30 15
Frequency
Frequency 20 10
10 5
0 0
<250 250-500 500-750 <250 250-500 500-750
Range of Rainfall Inte nsity (m m)
Range of Rainfall Intensity (m m )
Pos t Monsoon Pre Mons oon Post Monsoon PreMonsoon
SW Monsoon NE Mons oon SW Monsoon NE Monsoon
Average Seasonal Rainfall at Gobichettipalyam Ave rage Seasonal Rainfall at Bhavanis agar
15 (Agri)
30
Frequency
Frequency
10 20
5 10
0
0
<250 250-500 500-750
<250 250-500 500-750 Range of Rainfall Inte nsity (m m )
Range of Rainfall Intensity (mm)
Post Monsoon Pre Monsoon Post Mons oon Pre Mons oon
SW Monsoon NE Monsoon SW Monsoon NE Mons oon
10 10
5 5
0 0
<250 250-500 500-750 <250 250-500 500-750
Range of Rainfall Intensity (m m ) Range of Rainfall Intensity (m m )
Post Monsoon PreMonsoon Post Monsoon PreMonsoon
SW Monsoon NE Monsoon SW Monsoon NE Monsoon
25 20
20
15
15
10 10
5 5
0 0
<250 250-500 500-750 <250 250-500 500-750
Range of Rainfall Intensity (m m ) Range of Rainfall Intens ity (m m)
Pos t Mons oon Pre Monsoon Post Mons oon Pre Monsoon
SW Mons oon NE Mons oon SW Mons oon NE Monsoon
30
20
10
0
<250 250-500 500-750
Range of Rainfall Inte nsity (m m )
Pos t Monsoon Pre Mons oon
SW Monsoon NE Mons oon
Rainfall recharge rate differs from one soil type to other. Most of
the basin area is occupied by red soil, with or without calcareous material.
Black soil and brown soil occurs as scattered patches and do not have much
influence on groundwater recharge. Hydrographs correlating water level
fluctuation and rainfall recharge were prepared for the 43 wells. Monthly
rainfall and water level data of a 10-year period (1995-2004) were used for
52
preparing the hydrographs, which reveal that the wells located in the red, non-
calcareous soil respond quicker to rainfall (Figure 5.7). However, the recharge
rate is comparatively slow in the wells located in red calcareous soil
(Figure 5.8). This is, however, not clearly observed in some hydrographs
because groundwater is pumped even during the monsoon (rainy) season.
0 16
2 14
Water level (m)
Rainfall (mm)
4 12
6 10
8 8
10 6
12 4
14 2
16 0
J 1995 DJ 1996 DJ 1997 DJ 1998 DJ 1999 DJ 2000 DJ 2001 DJ 2002 DJ 2003 DJ 2004 D
Well No.
WELL No. 28
28 Rainfall (mm)
Groundwater level (b.g.l)
0 350
Water level (m)
Rainfall (mm)
2 300
4 250
6 200
8 150
10 100
12 50
14 0
J 1995 DJ 1996 DJ 1997 DJ 1998 DJ 1999 DJ 2000 DJ 2001 DJ 2002 DJ 2003 DJ 2004 D
53
Well
WELLNo.
No.15
15 Rainf all
Groundw ater level (b.g.l)
0 10
1 9
Water level (m)
2 8
Rainfall (mm)
3 7
6
4
5
5
4
6 3
7 2
8 1
9 0
J 1995 DJ 1996 DJ 1997 DJ 1998 DJ 1999 DJ 2000 DJ 2001 DJ 2002 DJ 2003 DJ 2004 D
Rainfall (mm)
Well
WellNo.
No. 1 Groundw ater level (b.g.l)
0 1400
1200
5
Water level (m)
1000
Rainfall (mm)
10
800
600
15
400
20
200
25 0
J 1995 DJ 1996 DJ 1997 DJ 1998 DJ 1999 DJ 2000 DJ 2001 DJ 2002 DJ 2003 DJ 2004 D
54
55