Fire Technology and Arson Investigation unstable and release

their heat very quickly or they may

3 State of matter detonate.

Solid Heat of Solution - The heat released by the

Liquid mixture of matter
Gas in a liquid. Some acids, when dissolved,
give off sufficient
4 General Categories Of Heat Energy heat to pose exposure problems to nearby
combustibles.
Chemical Heat Energy
Electrical Heat Energy Spontaneous Heating - The heating of an
Mechanical Heat Energy organic substance
Nuclear Heat Energy without the addition of external
heat. Spontaneous heating
Backdraft - a phenomenon in which a fire that occurs most frequently where sufficient air
has consumed all available is not present
oxygen suddenly explodes when more oxygen is to dissipate the heat produced. The speed
made available, typically of a heating
because a door or window has been opened. reaction doubles with each 180 F (80 C)
temperature increase.
Boiling Point - The temperature of a substance
where the rate of Classification of Fires
evaporation exceeds the rate of condensation.
Class A Fire - Fires involving ordinary
British Thermal Unit - (BTU) The amount of combustible materials,
heat needed to raise the such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and
temperature of one pound of water one degree F. many plastics.

Calorie - The amount of heat needed to raise the Class B Fires - Fires involving flammable
temperature of one liquids, greases
gram of water one degree Centigrade. and gases.

Centigrade - (Celcius) On the Centigrade scale,
zero is the melting
point of ice; 100 degrees is the boiling point of
water.
Chemical Heat Energy
Heat of Combustion - The amount of heat
generated by the
combustion (oxidation) process.
Heat of Decomposition - The release of
heat from decomposing
compounds. These compounds may be
Class C Fires - Fires involving energized
electrical equipment.
Class D Fires - Fires involving
combustible metals, such as
magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium
and potassium.
Class K Fires - Class K is a new
classification of fire as
of 1998 and involves fires in combustible
cooking fuels such
as vegetable or animal fats.
Combustion - is the self-sustaining process of electrical force through a conductor such
rapid oxidation of a as a wire or
fuel being reduced by an oxidizing agent along an appliance.
with the evolution of
heat and light. Static Electricity Heating - Heat released
as an arc between
Dry Chemicals and Halons - method of fire oppositely charged surfaces. Static
extinguishment, interrupt electricity can be
the flame producing chemical reaction, resulting generated by the contact and separation of
in rapid extinguishment. charged surfaces
or by fluids flowing through pipes.
Electrical Heat Energy

Dielectric Heating - The heating that

results from the action
of either pulsating direct current, or
alternating current
at high frequency on a non-conductive
material.
Heat from Arcing - Heat released either as
a high-temperature
arc or as molten material from the
conductor.
Heat Generated by Lightning - The heat
generated by the
discharged of thousands of volts from
either earth to cloud,
cloud to cloud or from cloud to ground.
Induction Heating - The heating of
materials resulting from
an alternating current flow causing a
magnetic field influence.
Leakage Current Heating - The heat
resulting from imperfect
or improperly insulated electrical
materials. This is
particularly evident where the insulation is
required to
handle high voltage or loads near
maximum capacity.
Resistance Heating - The heat generated
by passing an
Endothermic Heat Reaction - A chemical
reaction where a substance
absorbs heat energy.
Exothermic Heat Reaction - A chemical
reaction where a substance
gives off heat energy.
Fahrenheit - On the Fahrenheit scale, 32
degrees is the melting point
of ice; 212 degrees is the boiling point of water.
Fire point - The temperature at which a liquid
fuel will produce
vapors sufficient to support combustion once
ignited. The fire point
is usually a few degrees above the flash point.
Fire Triangle - Oxygen, Fuel, Heat
Fire National Training Institute - (FNTI) the
Institution for training
on human resource development of all personnel
of the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP).
Flame - A gas-phased combustion.
Flammable or Explosive Limit - The
percentage of a substance in air
that will burn once it is ignited. Most substances
have an upper
(too rich) and a lower (too lean) flammable limit.
 generated by the combustion
Flashover - an instance of a fire spreading very (oxidation) process.
rapidly across a gap
because of intense heat. Occurs when a room or Heat Transfer
other area becomes
heated to the point where flames flash over the Conduction - Conduction is the transfer of
entire surface or area. energy through
matter from particle to particle. Heat may
Flash Point - The minimum temperature at be conducted from
which a liquid fuel gives one body to another by direct contact of
off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture the two bodies or
with the air near by an intervening heat-conducting medium.
the surface. At this temperature, the ignited
vapors will flash, but Convection - is the transfer of heat by the
will not continue to burn. actual movement
of the warmed matter. Transfer of heat by
Fuel - is the material or substance being oxidized the movement of
or burned in the air or liquid.
combustion process. Material such as coal, gas,
or oil that is burned Radiation - Electromagnetic waves that
to produce heat or power. directly transport
energy through space.
Fuel Removal - method of fire extinguishment,
fire is effectively Ignition Temperature - The minimum
extinguished by removing the fuel source. This temperature to which a fuel in air
may be accomplished by must be heated in order to start self-sustained
stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by combustion independent
removing solid fuel of the heating source.
in the path of the fire or allow the fire to burn
until all fuel Heat - The form of energy that raises
is consumed. temperature. Heat is measured
by the amount of work it does.
Glowing Combustion - A condensed phased
combustion. Heat of Decomposition - The release of heat
from decomposing compounds.
Heat - the quality of being hot; high temperature. These compounds may be unstable and release
A form of energy their heat very quickly or
arising from the random motion of the molecules they may detonate.
of bodies, which
may be transferred by conduction, convection, or Heat of Solution - The heat released by the
radiation. mixture of matter in a
liquid. Some acids, when dissolved, give off
Heating - is transfer of energy, from a hotter sufficient heat to pose
body to a colder one, exposure problems to nearby combustibles.
other than by work or transfer of matter.
Mechanical Heat Energy
Heat of Combustion - The amount of heat
 Frictional Heat - The heat generated by the
movement between
two objects in contact with each other.
Friction Sparks - The heat generated in the
form of sparks
from solid objects striking each
other. Most often at least
one of the objects is metal.
Heat of Compression - The heat generated
by the forced
reduction of a gaseous volume. Diesel
engines ignite fuel
vapor without a spark plug by the use of
this principle.
Nuclear Fission and Fusion - The heat
generated by either the
splitting or combining of atoms.
Oxidation - The complex chemical reaction of
organic material with
oxygen or other oxidizing agents in the formation
of more stable
compounds.
Oxidizing Agents - are those materials that yield
oxygen or other
oxidizing gases during the course of a chemical
reaction.
Oxygen Dilution - is the reduction of the oxygen
concentration to
the fire area.
Phases of Fire
Incipient Phase (Growth Stage)
Free-Burning Phase (Fully Developed
Stage)
Smoldering Phase (Decay Stage)
Products of Combustion
Fire gases
Flame
Heat
Smoke
Pyrolysis (also known as thermalde
composition) - is defined as the
chemical decomposition of matter through the
action of heat.
RA 6975 - created the BFP.
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) -
administers and enforces
the fire code of the Philippines. The Fire
Bureau shall
have the power to investigate all causes of
fires and, if
necessary, file the proper complaints with
the city or
provincial prosecutor who has
jurisdiction over the case.
Chief of the Fire Bureau - rank is Director.
Deputy Chief for Administration of the Fire
Bureau - 2nd
highest officer in the BFP. Rank is Chief
Superintendent.
Deputy Chief for Operation of the Fire
Bureau - the 3rd
highest officer in the BFP. Rank is Chief
Superintendent.
Chief of Directorial Staff of the Fire Bureau
- 4th highest
officer in the BFP. Rank is Chief
Superintendent.
Directors of the Directorates in the
respective national
headquarters office - rank is Senior
Superintendent.
Regional Director for Fire Protection - The
BFP
shall establish, operate and maintain their
respective
 regional offices in each of the
administrative regions of
the country. Rank is Senior
Superintendent.
- He/She shall be respectively assisted
by the
following officers with the rank of
superintendent:
Assistant Regional Director for
Administration,
Assistant Regional Director for
Operations, and
Regional Chief of Directorial Staff.
Assistant Regional Director for Fire
Protection - The
assistant heads of the Department's
regional offices - rank
is Senior Superintendent.
District Fire Marshall - the heads of the
NCR district offices -
rank is Senior Superintendent.
Provincial Fire Marshall - the heads of the
provincial offices -
rank is Superintendent.
District Fire Marshall - heads of the district
offices - rank
is Chief Inspector.
Chief of Municipal/City Fire Station - (also
called City/
Municipal Fire Marshall) - the heads of the
municipal or
city stations - rank is Senior Inspector.
Fire Station - at least one in every
provincial capital, city
and municipality.
LGU - (Local Government Unit) - shall
provide the site of the
Fire Station.
RA 9263 - this Act shall be known as the "Bureau
of Fire Protection
and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Professionalization Act of 2004.
The BFP is headed by a Chief to be
assisted by 2 deputy chief, 1
for administration and 1 for operation, all
appointed by the
President upon recommendation of DILG
Secretary from among
qualified officers with at least the rank of
Senior Superintendent
in the service.
In no case shall any officer who has retired
or is retirable
within six (6) months from his/her
compulsory retirement age
be appointed as Chief of the Fire Bureau
or Chief of the
Jail Bureau.
The Chief of the Fire Bureau and Chief of
the Jail Bureau
shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed
four (4) years.
The President may extend such tour of
duty in times of war
or other national emergency declared by
Congress.
RA 9514 - this act shall be known as the fire
code of the Philippines
of 2008. An Act establishing a comprehensive
fire code of the
Philippines repealing PD 1185 and for other
purposes.
Specific Gravity - the density of liquids in
relation to water.
Spontaneous Heating - The heating of an
organic substance without
the addition of external heat. Spontaneous
heating occurs most
frequently where sufficient air is not present to
dissipate the
heat produced.
Temperature Reduction - method of
extinguishing fire, cooling the fuel
with water to a point where it does not produce
sufficient vapor to burn.
Vapor Density - the density of a particular gas or
vapor relative
to that of hydrogen at the same pressure and
temperature.
Definition of Terms Under RA 9514
Abatement - Any act that would remove or
neutralize a fire hazard.
Administrator - Any person who acts as agent
of the owner and ma nages
the use of a building for him.
Blasting Agent - Any material or mixture
consisting of a fuel and
oxidizer used to set off explosives.
Cellulose Nitrate or Nitro Cellulose - A highly
combustible and
explosive compound produced by the reaction of
nitric acid with a
cellulose material.
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Pyroxylin) - Any
plastic substance,
materials or compound having cellulose nitrate
(nitro cellulose)
as base.
Combustible, Flammable or Inflammable -
Descriptive of materials
that are easily set on fire.
Combustible Fiber - Any readily ignitable and
free burning fiber such
as cotton, oakum, rags, waste cloth, waste
paper, kapok, hay, straw,
Spanish moss, excelsior and other similar
materials commonly
used in commerce.
Combustible Liquid - Any liquid having a flash
point at or above 37.8
C (100 F).
Corrosive Liquid - Any liquid which causes fire
when in contact with
organic matter or with certain chemicals.
Curtain Board - A vertical panel of non-
combustible or fire resistive
materials attached to and extending below the
bottom chord of the roof
trusses, to divide the underside of the roof into
separate compartments
so that heat and smoke will be directed upwards
to a roof vent.
Cryogenic - Descriptive of any material which by
its nature or as a
result of its reaction with other elements
produces a rapid drop
in temperature of the immediate surroundings.
Damper - A normally open device installed inside
an air duct system
which automatically closes to restrict the passage
of smoke or fire.
Distillation - The process of first raising the
temperature in separate
the more volatile from the less volatile parts and
then cooling and
condensing the resulting vapor so as to produce
a nearly purified
substance.
Duct System - A continuous passageway for the
transmission of air.
Dust - A finely powdered substance which, when
mixed with air in the
proper proportion and ignited will cause an
explosion. and the safeguarding of life and property.

Electrical Arc - An extremely hot luminous Fire Lane - The portion of a roadway or public
bridge formed by passage way that should be kept
of an electric current across a space between opened and unobstructed at all times for the
two conductors or expedient operation of
terminals due to the incandescence of the fire fighting units.
conducting vapor.
Fire Protective and Fire Safety Device - Any
Ember - A hot piece or lump that remains after a device intended for the
material has protection of buildings or persons to include but
partially burned, and is still oxidizing without the not limited to
manifestation of flames. built-in protection system such as sprinklers and
other automatic
Finishes - Materials used as final coating of a extinguishing system, detectors for heat, smoke
surface for ornamental and combustion
or protective purposes. products and other warning system components,
personal protective
Fire - The active principle of burning, equipment such as fire blankets, helmets, fire
characterized by the heat suits, gloves and other
and light of combustion. garments that may be put on or worn by persons
to protect themselves
Fire Trap - A building unsafe in case of fire during fire.
because it will burn
easily or because it lacks adequate exits or fire Fire Safety Constructions - Refers to design
escapes. and installation of walls,
barriers, doors, windows, vents, means of
Fire Alarm - Any visual or audible signal egress, etc. integral to and
produced by a device or incorporated into a building or structure in order
system to warm the occupants of the building or to minimize danger
fire fighting to life from fire, smoke, fumes or panic before the
elements of the presence or danger of fire to building is
enable them to evacuated. These features are also designed to
undertake immediate action to save life and achieve, among others,
property and to suppress safe and rapid evacuation of people through
the fire. means of egress sealed
from smoke or fire, the confinement of fire or
Fire Door - A fire resistive door prescribed for smoke in the room or
openings in fire floor of origin and de lay their spread to other
separation walls or partitions. parts of the building
by means of smoke sealed and fire resistant
Fire Hazard - Any condition or act which doors, walls and floors.
increases or may cause an It shall also me an to include the treatment of
increase in the probability of the occurrence of buildings components
fire, or which or contents with flame retardant chemicals.
may obstruct, delay, hinder or interfere with fire
fighting operations Flash Point - The minimum temperature at
which any material gives off
vapor in sufficient concentration to form an
ignitable mixture with air.
Forcing - A process where a piece of metal is
heated prior to changing
its shape or dimensions.
Fulminate - A kind of stable explosive compound
which explodes by
percussion.
Hazardous Operation/Process - Any act of
manufacturing, fabrication,
conversion, etc., that uses or produces materials
which are likely
to cause fires or explosion.
Horizontal Exit - Passageway from one building
to another or through
or around a wall in approximately the same floor
level.
Hose Box - A box or cabinet where fire hoses,
valves and other equipment
are stored and arranged for fire fighting.
Hose Reel - A cylindrical device turning on an
axis around which a
fire hose is wound and connected.
Hypergolic Fuel - A rocket or liquid propellant
which consist of
combinations of fuels and oxidizers which ignite
spontaneously on
contact with each other.
Industrial Baking and Drying - The industrial
process of subjecting
materials to heat for the purpose of removing
solvents or moisture
from the same, and/or to fuse certain chemical
salts to form a
uniform glazing the surface of materials being
treated.
Jumper - A piece of metal or an electrical
conductor used to bypass a
safety device in an electrical system.
Occupancy - The purpose for which a building or
portion thereof is
used or intended to be used.
Occupant - Any person actually occupying and
using a building or
portions thereof by virtue of a lease contract with
the owner or
administrator or by permission or sufferance of
the latter.
Organic Peroxide - A strong oxidizing organic
compound which
releases oxygen readily. It causes fire when in
contact with
combustible materials especially under
conditions of high temperature.
Overloading - The use of one or more electrical
appliances or devices
which draw or consume electrical current beyond
the designed capacity
of the existing electrical system.
Owner - The person who holds the legal right of
possession or title
to a building or real property.
Oxidizing Material - A material that readily
yields oxygen in
quantities sufficient to stimulate or support
combustion.
Pressurized Or Forced Draft Burning
Equipment - Type or burner where
the fuel is subjected to pressure prior to
discharge into the
combustion chamber and/or which includes fans
or other provisions for
the introduction of air at above normal
atmosphere pressure into the
same combustion chamber.
Public Assembly Building - Any building or
structure where fifty (50)
or more people congregate, gather, or assemble
for any purpose.
Public Way - Any street, alley or other strip of
land unobstructed
from the ground to the sky, deeded, dedicated or
otherwise permanently
appropriated for public use.
Pyrophoric - Descriptive of any substance that
ignites spontaneously
when exposed to air.
Refining - A process where impurities and/or
deleterious materials are
removed from a mixture in order to produce a
pure element of compound.
It shall also refer to partial distillation and
electrolysis.
Self-Closing Doors - Automatic closing doors
that are designed to
confine smoke and heat and delay the spread of
fire.
Smelting - Melting or fusing of metallic ores or
compounds so as to
separate impurities from pure metals.
Sprinkler System - An integrated network of
hydraulically designed
piping installed in a building, structure or area
with outlets
arranged in a systematic pattern which
automatically discharges water
when activated by heat or combustion products
from a fire.
Standpipe System - A system of vertical pipes
in a building to which
fire hoses can be attached on each floor,
including a system by which
water is made available to the outlets as
needed.
Vestibule - A passage hall or antechamber
between the outer doors
and the interior parts of a house or building.
Vertical Shaft - An enclosed vertical space of
passage that extends
from floor to floor, as well as from the base to the
top of the
building.
Fire Technology and Investigation
Fire - exothermic reaction involving the oxidation
of some substance (fuel) resulting in the release
of energy in the form of light and heat.
Definition of terms
1. Vapor Density - the density of the vapor
relative to the density of air and is
calculated by dividing the molecular
weight of the gas by that of air.
2. Flash point - the lowest temperature at
which
liquid fuel produces a flammable vapor.
3. Fire point/flame point - the
lowest temperature at which
liquid fuel produces a flammable vapor in
sufficient quantity
such that if a source of ignition is introduced,
the vapor
will ignite and is usually a few degrees
above the flash point
4. Ignition/auto-ignition temperature -
the temperature at
which a fuel will ignite on its own with out any
additional
source ignition.
5. Thermal inertia - the ease at which a
material can be ignited.
6. Heat release rate - is a measure of the
amount of energy a
specific type of fuel can contribute to the
heat flux in a fire.
7. Heat transfer - the mechanism in which fire
can spread from
its origin to other sources of fuel.
Methods of heat transfer
1. Conductive/conduction heat transfer -
heat is transferred by direct contact and
the rate of transfer is dependent on
factors such as the thermal conductivity of
the material and the temperature
difference between the cooler and warmer
areas.
2. Convective/convection heat transfer -
transfer of heat through physical
movement of materials and occurs only in
liquids and gases. Hot gases rise and
spread heat to nearby ceilings and walls.
3. Radiative/radiation heat transfer - heat
is transferred if the form of
electromagnetic energy directly from one
object to another. ex. infrared radiation
from the sun.
8. Combustion - or burning - is the sequence
of
exothermic chemical reaction between fuel
and an oxidant
accompanied by the production of heat
and conversion of
chemical species. The result of the heat can
result in the
form of either glowing or flame.
 Glowing combustion - occurs when
solid fuels are not capable of producing
sufficient quantities of gas during
pyrolysis to sustain a flame. If access to
the oxidant (air) is limited, glowing
combustion may result.
 Flaming combustion -commonly
recognized type of fire and occurs with
gaseous fuel sources only. The color of
the flame can give some indication of the
composition of the fuel.
 Spontaneous combustion - the ignition
of organic matter with out apparent cause,
typically through heat generated internally
by rapid oxidation. A process whereby a
material self heats.
 Explosive combustion - can occur when
vapors, dust of gases, premixed with
appropriate amount of air are ignited.
Definition of Terms:
Arson - intentional or malicious destruction of
property by fire.
Fire analysis - the process of determining the
origin, cause and responsibility as well as the
failure analysis of fire or explosion.
Fire cause - the circumstances or agencies that
bring a fuel and an ignition source together with
proper air or oxygen.
Fire spread - the movement of fire from one
place to another.
Flash fire - a fire that spreads with extreme
rapidity such as the one that races over dust,
over the surface of flammable liquids or through
gases.
Fuel load - the total quantity of combustible
contents of the building, spaces or fire area,
including interior finish and trim expressed in
heat units or the equivalent weight in wood.
Point of origin - the exact physical location
where a heat source and fuel comes in contact
with each other and a fire begins.
Rekindle - a return to flaming combustion after
incomplete extinguishment of a fire reigning at
some time after being put out.
Spalling - chipping or pitting of concrete or
masonry surfaces.
Definition of terms - (RA no.9514)
Abatement - any act that would remove or
neutralize fire hazard.
Administrator - any person who acts as agent of
the owner and manages the use of a building for
him.
Blasting Agent - any material or mixture
consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used to set off
explosives.
Cellulose nitrate or Nitro cellulose - a highly
combustible and explosive compound produced
by the reaction of nitric acid with a cellulose
material.
Cellulose nitrate plastic (Pyroxylin) - any
plastic substance,materials or compound
having cellulose nitrate as base.
Combustible/Flammable or Inflammable -
Descriptive of materials that are easily set on fire.
Combustible fiber - any readily ignitable and
free burning fiber such as
cotton,oakum,rags,waste cloth,waste
paper,kapok,hay,straw,Spanish
moss,excelsior,and other similar materials
commonly used in commerce.
Combustible liquid - any liquid having a flash
point at or above 37.8 degrees Celsius or 100
degrees Fahrenheit.
Corrosive liquid - any liquid which causes fire
when in contact with organic matter or with
certain chemicals.
Curtain board - a vertical panel of non-
combustible or fire resistive materials attached to
and extending below the bottom chord of the roof
trusses, to divide the underside of the roof into
separate compartments so that heat and smoke
will be directed upwards to a roof vent.
Cryogenic - descriptive of any material which by
its nature or as a result of its reaction with other
elements produces a rapid drop in temperature of
the immediate surroundings.
Damper - a normally open device installed
inside an air duct system which automatically
closes to restrict the passage of smoke or fire.
Distillation - the process of first raising the
temperature to separate the more volatile from
the less volatile parts and then cooling and
condensing the resulting vapor so as to produce
as nearly purified substance.
Duct system - a continuous passageway for the
transmission of air.
Dust - a finely powdered substance which when
mixed with air in the proper proportion and
ignited will cause an explosion.
Electrical arc - an extremely hot luminous bridge
formed by passage of an electric current across a
space between two conductors or terminals due
to the incandescence of the conducting vapor.
Ember - a hot piece or lump that remains after a
material has partially burned and is still oxidizing
without the manifestation of flames.
Finishes - materials used as final coating of a
surface for ornamental or protective purposes.
Fire - the active principle of burning
characterized by the heat and light of
combustion.
Fire Trap - a building unsafe in case of fire
because it will burn easily or because it lacks
adequate exits or fire escapes.
Fire Alarm - any visual or audible signal
produced by a device or system to warn the
occupants of the building or the fighting element
of the presence or danger of fire to enable them
to undertake immediate action to save life and
property and to suppress the fire.
Fire door - a fire restrictive door prescribed for
openings in fire separation walls or partitions.
Fire Hazard - any condition or act which
increases or may cause an increase in the
probability of the occurrence of fire or which may
obstruct,delay,hinder or interfere with firefighting
operations and the safeguarding of life and
property.
Fire Lane - the portion of a roadway or public
way that should be kept opened and
unobstructed at all times for the expedient
operations of firefighting units.
Fire Protective and Fire Safety Device - any
device intended for the protection of buildings or
persons to include but not limited to built in
protection system such as sprinklers and
other automaticextinguishing system,detectors
for heat,smoke and combustion products and
other warning system components,personal
protective equipment such as fire
blankets,helmets,fire suits,globes and
other garments that may be put on or worn by
persons to protect themselves during fire.
Fire Safety Constructions - refers to design and
installations
of walls,barriers,doors,windows,vents,means of
egress etc. integral to and incorporated into a
building or structure in order to minimize danger
to life,from smoke,fire,fumes or panic before the
building is evacuated.
Flash Point - the minimum temperature at which
any material gives off vapor in sufficient
concentration to form an ignitable mixture with
air.
Forcing - a process where a piece of metal is
heated prior to changing its shape or dimensions.
Fulminate - a kind of stable explosive compound
which explodes by percussion.
Hazardous operation/process - any act of
manufacturing, fabrication, conversion etc., or
produces materials which are likely to cause fires
or explosions.
Horizontal exit - passage way from one building
to another or through or around a wall in
approximately the same floor level.
Hose Box - a box or cabinet where fire hoses,
valves and other equipment are stored and
arranged for firefighting.
Hose Reel - a cylindrical device turning on an
axis around which a fire hose is connected.\.
Hypergolic fuel - a rocket or liquid propellant
which consist of combinations of fuels and
oxidizers which ignite simultaneously on contact
with each other.
Industrial Baking and Drying - the industrial
process of subjecting materials to heat for the
purpose of removing solvents or moisture from
the same and,or to fuse certain chemical salts to
form a uniform glazing the surface of materials
being treated.
Jumper - a piece of metal or an electrical
conductor used to bypass a safety device in an
electrical system.
Occupancy - the purpose for which a building or
portion thereof is used or intended to be used.
Occupant - any person actually occupying and
using a building or portions thereof by virtue of a
lease contract with the owner or administrator or
by permission or sufferance of the latter.
Organic Peroxide - a strong oxidizing organic
compound which release oxygen readily. It
causes fire
when in contact with combustible materials
especially under conditions of high temperature.
Overloading - the use of one or more electrical
appliances or devices which draw or consume
electrical current beyond the designed capacity
of the existing electrical system.
Owner - the person who holds the legal right of
possession or title to a building or real property.
Oxidizing Material - a material that readily yields
oxygen in quantities sufficient to stimulate or
support combustion.
Pressurized or Forced Draft Burning
Equipment - type or burner where the fuel is
subjected to pressure prior to discharge into the
combustion chamber and /or which includes fans
or other provisions for the introduction of air
above normal atmosphere pressure into the
same combustion chamber.
Public Assembly Building - any building or
structure where 50 0r more people congregate,
gather or assemble for any purpose.
Public Way - any street, alley or other strip of
land unobstructed from the ground to the sky,
dedicated for public use.
Pyrophoric - descriptive of any substance that
ignites spontaneously when exposed to air.
Refining - a process where impurities and,or
deleterious materials are removed from a mixture
in order to produce a pure element of compound.
It shall also refer to partial distillation and
electrolysis.
Self Closing Doors - automatic closing doors
that are designed to confine smoke and heat and
delay the spread o fire.
Smelting - melting or fusing of metallic ores or
compounds so as to separate impurities from
pure metals.
Sprinkler System - an integrated network of
hydraulically designed piping installed in a
building, structure or area with outlets arranged
in a systematic pattern which automatically
discharges water when activated by heat or
combustion products from a fire.
Standpipe System - a system of vertical pipes in
a building to which fire hoses can be attached on
each floor, including a system by which water is
made available to the outlet as needed.
Vestibule - a passage hall or ante chamber
between the outer doors and the interior parts of
a house or building.
Vertical Shaft - a enclosed vertical space of
passage that extends from floor to floor as well
as from the base to the top of the building.
RA no.9514 - Revised Fire Code of the
Philippines of 2008 (Dec. 19, 2008).
PD. 1185 - known as the fire code of the
Philippines, was enacted into law 1977, repealed
by RA no. 9514.
RA no. 9263 - Bureau of Fire Protection and
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Professionalization Act of 2004.
BFP Powers/Functions
1. Preventions and suppression of all
destructive
fires on
a. buildings
b. houses
c. other structure
d. forest
e. land transportation vehicles
f. ships/vessels
g. petroleum industry installations
h. plane crashes and similar incidents
2. Enforcement of the Fire Code of the
Philippines
3. Investigate all causes of fire
4. File proper complaints with the prosecutors
office
 note: Vessel/Ship must be docked at piers
or wharves or anchored in major seaport.
BFP Organization
 Headed by a Chief who shall be assisted
by a Deputy Chief. It shall composed of a
Provincial, District, City and Municipal
stations.
 In large provinces, district offices may be
established to be headed by a district fire
marshall.
 In large cities and municipalities, district
offices may be established with
subordinate fire stations headed by a
district fire marshall.
 There shall be at least one fire station in
every provincial, capital, city and
municipality.
 The local government unit shall provide
the site of the fire station.
BFP Key Positions
 The Chief of the Fire Bureau - rank is
Director.
 The Deputy Chief of the Fire Bureau -
rank is Chief Superintendent.
 Assistant Regional Director for Fire
Protection - rank is Senior
Superintendent.
 District Fire Marshall of NCR District
Offices - rank is Senior Superintendent.
 Provincial Fire Marshall - rank is
Superintendent.
 District Fire Marshall of Province - rank is
Chief Inspector.
 Chief of City/Municipal Fire Station - rank
is Senior Inspector.
Key Positions - Qualifications
1. Municipal Fire Marshal - should have the
rank of
Senior Inspector.
a. Must have finished at least 2nd year
Bachelor of
Laws or earned at least 12 units in a
masters
degree program in public administration,
management, engineering, public safety,
criminology or other related discipline.
b. Must have satisfactory passed the
necessary
training of career courses for such position
as
may be established by the fire bureau.
2. City Fire Marshal - should have the rank of
Chief must
Inspector. be a holder of a masters degree in public
a. Must have finished at least 2nd year administration, management, engineering,
Bachelor of public safety, criminology or other related
Laws or earned at least 24 units in a disciplines.
masters b. Must have satisfactory passed the
degree program in public administration, necessary
management, engineering, public safety, training or career courses as may be
criminology or other related disciplines. established
b. Must have satisfactory passed the by the fire bureau.
necessary 6. Chief of the Fire Bureau - should have the
training or career courses for such position rank
as of Director.
may be established by the fire bureau. a. Must be a member of the Philippine Bar or
3. District Fire Marshal/Provincial Fire Marshal/ a
Assistant Regional Director for Administration/ masters degree in public administration,
Assistant Regional Director for Operations/ management, engineering, public safety,
Chief of Directorial Staff - should have the rank criminology or other related discipline.
of b. Must satisfactory passed the necessary
Superintendent. the training or career courses for such
a. Must be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or position
a as may be established by the fire bureau.
holder of a Masters degree in public
administration, management, engineering,
public safety, criminology, or other related
disciplines.
b. Must have satisfactory passed the
necessary
training or career courses for such position
as
may be established by the fire bureau.
4. District Fire marshal for the NCR/Regional
Director for Fire Protection/Director of the
Directorate of the National Headquarters
Office -
should have at least the rank of Senior
Superintendent.
a. Must be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or
a
holder of masters degree in public
administration,
management, engineering, public safety,
criminology, or other related disciplines.
b. Must have satisfactory passed the
necessary
training or career course for such position
as may
be established by the fire bureau.

5. Deputy Chief for Administration and

Deputy Chief for Operation of the Fire Bureau -

should have the rank of Chief superintendent.

a. Must be a member of the Philippine Bar or