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fcature of the conditions of lifc of colonics likc India is not
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that thc compromising scction of this bourgeoisic has
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already 'managcd,in the main to strikc a deal with

impcrialism. Fcaring rcrolution more than it fears
impcrialisrq ... it is forming a bloc with imperialism against
the workcrs and pcasants of its own counky. ... thc
cormrmnist party can and must cntcr into an open bloc with
the rcrolutionary wing of the bourgeoisic in ordcr, after
isolating the compromising national bourgeoisie, to lead the
\ast rnasscs of thc urban and rural pctty bourgcoisic in thc
struggle apinst impcrialism." Tasks of the univenity of thc
pcoples of thc East, collectcd works, volume Vtr).

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advanced, survivals of mcdialalism still cxist in thc form of
scmi-fcudal cxploitation of thc surrounding small peasants
by the big landowncrs, as for cxamplc, thc Instlcutc in
Germany, thc mctaycrs in lirancc, thc sharc-croppers in the
United States ...")
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<Mr<gt $r$€ QIIrs l" ("finance capital .is such a grcat, such
a dccisivc, you might say, forcc in all cconomic rclations
that it is capablc of subjugating, and actually docs
subjugatc, to itsclf crcn states cnjoying the fullcst political
indcpcndcncs." Inpcrialisrq thc highcst stage of
capitalism).
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tsw a+t+t fifuo <rst< wi qnnR-em ficel q$l-N c{cs <l{
qr{?" (Take, first of all, Brilain and Francc. Undobtedly,
they are impcrialist countrics. Undoubtcdly, chcap raw
matcrials and sccurc markcts are of paramount importance
to them Can it bc assumcd that thcy will cndlcssly tolcrate
thc prcscnt situation, in whictr" undcr thc guise of "Marshall
plan aid", Amcricans arc pcnctrating into thc economics of
Britain and Francc and trying to convcrt them into adjuncts
of thc Unitcd Statcs economy, and Amcrican capital is
scizing raw materials and markcts in the tsritish and Frcnch
colonics and thcreby plotting disaster for high profits ofthe
British and Frcnch capitalists? Would it not bc truer to say
the capitalist Britain, and, aftcr hcr, capitalist Francc will bc
conpcllcd in thc cnd to brcak fromthc errbrace of the U.S'A.
I and cnter into conflict with it in ordcr to sccurc an
indcpcndcnt position and, of coursc, high profits?)
qK, <etr6{ qtqsr-{fr RtBrq< ft{ q-dsl-fr q$ cqrln {e oot
q-{ cqrtqK\3 3la616q 1ffi qq r $ffi 6qms F<tceffil r

TrE qbt ft6n 6qfl{s 116$ ilE{ flqffi-{qtfu s I]_dMrF<

s{fu<ffilD.rqr.l I

{fr n..< {t&r< {r<€ c{s{i ${t ({, el<-s<d< tfrcs s,"E\o
)t
rt{wGK <rt"rs ersr{ qtrq s<( ffit dtr qtr(q, Etqr4€ il1E3
t-tR{ 1rd*t DRq qft-olr s-{t {lr qt I ,{ $r,ss refr"{ wsls {El<t<
|
ftq 5s6r1 c6f.qF )b)c qtm RtfiTH cr<.flR R*m< fir q$rE
{rffi qfQ\o GrR-c;r< Rcilfqur o-m <rqRmq, ilFmR q?t{
qxle-stEpfufiT{ vts 6qsxtD.rqq.t, Tf{{ S<tnwlau e<i 1Rre
qlvgsq <ra-6q r mfr-q dp6m qilr< fr"R]g qBE FIBrq <rqErry{,
'ffitsm RtEs$5l srE rr-F cqftn qrrc, xqn lplrtrq<
{tco s lMucu m"nsRo qRrmrq-n Qro 6-6E ctlR I el wsf
$qfu flq-gtlts Re< ilFR]l q*I"f qc-qcql" ("Statc Powcr
in Russia has passcd into thc hands of a ncw class, namely
the bourgcoisic and landowncrs who had becomc
'bourgcois.'lo
this cxtcnt the bourgcois dcmocratic
rcvolution in Russia is complctcd.")
e<t&frN, nFnnxsqq {CEm g{w1au e TResltawm<
<ilers gsFr e ffit elG< ${El clFfi q-N\g, ceF{ ffift
qrtqqft-+- frgr<< g.{ fi{<q +r< &ffio q(sq"{ Rat< q({fts
smerE{ r mFq-SlIBr{.{Ftm qrq, r$.n G$ftflftrsn-q{q.l(%
EIT dE cal(T mf{ cqq} sTol q"lET $srFr, .cEK Em Rfcq< w-<
fr(RE q{ r rrf, frarrc< rs-< ry.arc6 fi ft st, fr f} q.tl,
fr fltqt q{ qE s {rls<IArI.{ Rcg<q {*t{ {#rr-{Iq-
CI'ffir<tft r qqifrrs q{{.{r-6qfr-a-{qrs qafi afu< scilrl s(<
:tst' ql6qe s{T<s Ff<q'fT ffiFI vff,N ,fficn?t qTlsTsttrs
R:rr<< m eE{ frft6t st-T{, ut q-*l{qfts r

I.EelC< {rl' sR, 'nfr{"tqx s "fiafr111f< {t<r1g furffi

qFq-{t

fi st rtst{q-cqfr -+<lrn-{{-tfu ft q<i q ifitqrl<ft trst r G6H(

scE {rrf5r EAlrr{ flqsq cq-c{:q-{l{ {ldT & cqr"f .ttBt{fr*r<<
ri-srfiK Tclt {E-r{s ffi wltqt cqrK m-6E e oafi {cE.{fr e<i dr{
Q-<qttret *'rrq q-|q,qfrs EtrrEfl{ e<i trT< q6t mcq <rqRrqq',
qfurqftrT q.Efta1q{ EW sTstn{6r a-c<
"lrmt gdrtntS reru
qFq qfr-s nE rc yercs qc< r qt< reR-{ qr$sr-{tfr
$rK,f{fiEJ
cq{TL{ <rERrq{, Elo-qrqrcmtft Set< VqqH &Rq €ql-q qtr<lq \B
q{EfeCqK f-Cq f,{Ft qR6 ("*orc attachcd to militarism and
burcaucracy" ) I TTE ffi ' mr5 qlfg ctr6gtGtU.f{' tgro'<rqQrq'.d',
"Trdm ilEcs qtRq s.c< w{ Etcr q-fu ilQ-< af'cfi c.|-q Ra<
 )e

eM q'C-g< l" 1"The suprcssion of the bourgcois state by thc

prolctarian statc is impossible without a violcnt rc'rolution") Cf,R{
)b)1 qtm {?Ft q oefi <IER(E{, s?Fls <r{qjt r-qT
rt"fEG{ $t(qFnfi Rq, s'K"r{ €sl-q qrKt E-r\e-\tr{t\o coF€
ffi cqr"t ffi{l€ ca{, q< ffir{ riq\5@'{ qtn {|a.t ffie1 alfi}-{r
DE'cql!'rE q'E R$< qn s q"tffiqmlql r$'Fs q{m ffi,|{
Rrf< qN "fic(ft{I - qA g:c{< E-srR $r'Gq fiTfr-<rE {rERr4'{,
I {fi <eft{ sfiqms cflqutR-$ cq"tr$ frr<,Iffi-qemntft
cq"Nfr-{ qm {mrffi qffieft-orr+ "Iffi firmfrm <q
rrlsrslG-s rirg Bhm, rsqq qItr .h eF<tcn-o
6q'"t ffitfr
cnn<
"lprfrt '.nfr16tm qire-r cqcv fr-m "ttr-< t tiK e seff q{qs
qlqks r q efr$ s{.r<.s Fr<qrq 6qt< <rq-Rrs-{, q {3[n3[
"JRRBCE
R*<.ttB{<E\s ut $ffi mmtrD'tz<{ qq "tr(Icqrt-< Tr{Kn
qr< aI r {IB1dolK
Adxt rymSt+ux s ettdortrre "[R-q fGw\rJ
or< mlqrG$ m<$sfl< sIogpom << I <'ro vBl-csK xmt estt
rfu-ffif ffi fir"t, fr Fteq-fr lE qtt
"irffi msRE ECr
"tt{BfO"ffca q4qqEIE-$ RfrK( c{ \oE qk $r<rq, sK +rq fffl
Setx {t EfiEl{ qrq{ $6Tm< 6ol{\3 qr r$F€ q-[EK q-eet a{t3tt"ivl
+.r< qfift{ TrffiftK qflr< qvro rt<], s<( a5s5q ffi{ <rfiF SN
cqrn\s lirq r qt6x tcs{flma 'e[agfu{fc1'qf?m fir-{ 3.efut otv ad
dB e-res <ll Ret *ffi< R-+ra snrr"rqfu{ Rg6as 6 uq ri;Ffi
{0+r<rw, crltVIN mttwEsffi ce|cs{rq€ eln n-gv etsnre
qruu{-sttxipF ilsfi&<qtrqf <r<q]R$ftF qrq{+.frtm< cu-qFr
frr atrl< W$a fr6{ I 'd{Btfq qrq{ $qfutcq< nrq ,hTia qi EEE
cqRc{ orsrfl ercl1-s-dq-rq o<me qrqn Trql$ffi< qTo ka <t q$fro
$qfu qrq< cIc{ <t $c{tq-d":l-cot et q{'c{-{ \tr{j rr(E'< xrct .ho1 169
fr-ffi arffiBre +.sr'-t csrq'K cuil urd{ qfr-s cq[t-< qi$N,
eiciqrrqr4"diK 4al El'trf sr{ I

epSB-'N q.tt RSrq{ qqR-q6lfror< or<rg ofiEfiS_{t

"[C{,
trdnt fr{Drq slr< m{ r Eqrft-s q{R-< qsqq qG qr c+w<
qrrFTIE-fl o.r< rqR{ '6Ert Ei( sF&Bq{
-
qflrffiIIq
&rN{.st<' rq"ll{ <cErffi,
'ffifu sfrUA*qF ercq "ilffiR ffq,ftC w<{re
)8

'flq?ne'$slcE qE-E'{6{ Rm-cqr F,E ... qtv<t mq o?Re

qnafi {rq il sR cq; qnfm-{ sfcq q| qD-E qr{ f}fR'cq, \5t
cqft< slR€ qu-E qm firr[q .... q{1-cffi o.t[q qu-E {6{
fdmcqr .... frq ccft{ "ffiq"rri q$lrs €<( w{sffi, RftEE,
q"so
T{-s q{flTrs
qlflrFl< \€ c"CEsr +-st<Erqffit {aTK
Reft qrq< q-<"r o6s qcuq "frffirR fr-{Erq qfisqq r-<t,
'flqffi< fuis-n qis[F q$ 6+erlr wfiq 4t q'r{KI
nM{t rl-ffi q<i <tft s6ot-s {3l6t3r aGffis EB6'rdm
<tGE s-{N qs'{ q6q{, ssfiq \fl'lqfrr{ q-flri &c<
dehffi G\o.(i 6ef5a gffi $<ree qr<t" ("For thc
conrnunists in Gcrmany, parliamcntarism is of course
'politically obsoletc', but ... we must not regard what is
obsoletc for us as bcing obsolcte for the class, as being
obsolcte for the Inasscs... that participation in parlianrcntary
elcctions and in thc strugglc in parliamcnt is obligatory for
thc party of thc rcvolutionary proletariat prcciscly for the
purposc of cducating thc backward starta of its own class,
preciscly for thc purposc of awakcning and cnlightening thc
undcvclopcd, downtroddcn, ignorant pcasant rnasscs. As
long as you arc unablc to dispcrsc thc bourgeois parliamcnt
and cvery other tlpc of rcactionary institution, you must
work inside them...")

.c cEFq flrqfo "tlffir$'srpfm{ c?hflV'qefu

rfflqQ
s3rrFis ft{r<< qlcrf KIfi{K "flE1Ns Y$T qrER"t$Kffia qqi
eqffi frzfrc< "r<s )b)tr qtq q{\s $d$ qdmBtr ffirr
ffiqRrf,{ | srfs'f{ q?trr< "qrdwaattro TCqITI "flffi< crrq
q.'r6 rrEu{ s-{l ss efmrsf, eDt cafr-{ ffi {IfiTlT;l-(\r-l3t
Raiq< flrora qrm-sqrq grl6ts-ci frcx earcqq I lx.'c{r$q qnrgl
'q'trF{ trl, ;r-csq3r Rar{-{ Er{lrd {lfirK qffiEffi q-ilr{.{fr
fi-{Da4 <Er"ff1gq "nff 4-6fr, e{-{Sl s:rst q.{rq< "f{
el vi.tt<.tt
)b)u qr(43 :u qE$fr qft a 116$ <q1tstrBr-vt wlrJffifus
Efrrl f,<r"tRE rq R'{c{ cqfri <rqcqr,
")b)1 Tfifli mcfm<rsrq-{ ntcffi fi $d$
"fldrrs-offiBffi qrcqqF-< fr-{6'6{ qrtfl qfl
ffiqN...:r> ck & fi(Brfficgsm KtfiTIT "iltrcrsrs
Rlq?{fu$stK qD-q {Fi fr-KD-dI sitF 'BIr{ q{t.ol4 q.|nrffi<
flFtgK <-{c{f\rofi.< fr qF5rr{ \n-dlr{t trm'Fl cqr'K c5-c{
 )c
c<ft &a ;tl? trsrtN\g {-€fdK ilq?qG$ R"q-RR "&{* "fm
€sn r{rlt TqrqG€*l FffiBffi qilclrsB< fi-{urq qi"f
ffiE t... sFalt sllfiE qmrq c{, q{-{A cqltsRt aqls@.l
R'q"Fn omo cgt{ "1rd <<i .{wA & Rqvqlrex on<e,

fcsfu ?t"tstE-{ "flfficqrB

qrt G'err fra? c-f{FIR csrd\g
qG cot nr€ il, q<r et $q1st {ffi 6q ffiq qsrk
cTlrB',, CrFFall
'F5'tq"Fi w'l-C.l{ CFI-C{ EqIq S-ffr s.M6F
\9-.t

t q{q $K cq-{, <[vr< El6F qlrrGn ftel lflRq rem cq\erfis

x{q qr, q<i 1rqlTr 'fltrrrttR-w cq gfrrK smt
ffiwvtr< qEE'{rr rR, fit
afu$r<e,e st V*tRs or< r

et csi crn frp q€rflK GrFr w(Gr yE F-$ qr< q<( {rq
qtsqlGwr+q-cr s{{ nrme {v?t a.rm;r firGI Er{ caItrF
fltRm qe:rt qr{ l" "We took part in thc clcction to thc
Russian bourgcois parliamcnt, the constitucnt asscmbly in
Scpt.-Norrembsr, l9l7 ... did not wc Russian Bolsheviks, in
Scpt.-Nov 1917, harre more rights than anyWestcrn country
to consider that parilamcntarism was politically obsolctc in
Russia? Ncrrcrthcless, thc Bolsheviks did not boycott the
constitucnt asscmbly, but took part in the slection both
beforc and after thc conquest of political powcr, by thc
proletariat...It has bccn provcd that participation in a
bourgcois dcnncratic parliamcnt, even a fcw wceks beforc
thc victory of thc Sovict Rcpublic, elrn after that victory
not only does no harm to thc rcvolutionary proletariat, but
actually makcs it casicr for it to provc to thc backward
masscs why such parliamcnts descrve to be dispersed; it
facilitates succcss in dispcrsing them and facilitates the
proccss whcreby bourgcois parliamentarism becomcs
'politically obsolcte'. To refuse to take this into account...
is to conrnit the greatcst blundcr and actually to retreat from
intcmationalism in dccds while accepting it in words". (Irft-
wing Comrrunism...)

Et?rq rqfrrl-{Amf q-{rtft$+ffifl efl4'cqrsql{ '|t_ffi

,r""t-cdwot"fr+ GRT$ ffi Ii .c<( {tc<K ctftxotl s rtqEltrd?ETr<F
56s< s-{tr EffiFIr, cn'R {_vl<l:r wr m r qfr rEilEr+ csFs cqrrm
enffi <t R{r{qelT Trffi <rE "iRG\r- c$rNe q'-q qgrcitr< qamt
{."{ET sf{Ca &&rs q-dj'Fr Rrilft qcam {rr Bgstm fr-{Drn
GqRB eflT, EI ErE cril rr+ffi qE ft $-fi< r qt Ef ofr"ra< q{H
)v
t:FrEGfrk{fre{Tl{fr lqNIcqR cqdqtE:I6q"fi 6qr
cq"fi cr'{fr
)ba1 qtcE r-{Fm wr fr {n we c{qRF c'Ic{ qsFts rt -{ $r<RE
e<( \$t{Tqrq.l Rsr{'ilcq {ffi qfrsrq-<tsqr effiq +r<Qq I cqt
wTr s'{.6{s fi<qtq ffiF qs-w {q{ErE q|6r"{ft G\sm{s Rq]r<
cERca< fis'ftT <]'liI't s-r< <qRr+q, cnqRB c"rrq q<"xt qlfrg
qkultrt GrF qt, q+il qrffi
qEle c{m-Gr c3mK tbq ffirc 4Ir{ I

R-q st< Ezq.r Er<, I'i-$'tc catr+ {6qfu ilE s qiRqrrffi ArFqst
s nqftuR-qBq.{Eq 6-s1, qftm< c*Qqiotq s flc{qffi1-4464fr\br
s-{t q<( \ot s-{r{ wi er6{rqrl qwl6o\s cq(s {c< r eEE rrfls'Fr
qfr {rr$-cqft q;rs'Fr cscs fin rF&
'rRuq{t{ $lI EsI w< r Etr\o
nt, om"t sK Erfl cnrrct< qFrq ilEn cqftEfitet ffi
{c< r q
Rrm :rsq qtrq )cqlrt$ qreFrcq$r-Kvfi<qtq 5qF{rqRrF-{,
'm <{ m fi1tt (fltqil) iff
<B',
- cftEt
{< ET ?rvtrrrfr{ effi"cs cqroi Erc Nrs ft.cre qr<
-
ars{nrsr flfrN cerm \ffiEBrq' rcG{E) qNrfr rgf{
r

xqq, frt rr:rq qqqrdfmfmfue mtR oG.n ffiK wr

fsgt rmsKco qRclm wal ermn T-dN qru cc{In
{imtc@fu Dtc'k +.rcq mrdrro{ 4G A-flR s-{t D-Er< il I

qs'rs IIEI< ftet

'Ia"rro xrflr-<sr qrtBftE frC q-$tft
EEN <l{',<idco qr<til{t rtcMlmFr{srqtm 1ftft q-s6a
cqrc q*i.f {e, <t{re q6q t qqT{ ftFrcs(fl w{{-dcffi ffirE
Tflsl-cd{ atfrre qtv<t wfia qtfrq arl+rc
"lBK, fr
em< ql
.!)K c$F qr{< EIilt Rqs qrq Eat(< it I *fr""orqft, {h.t,
-
vlralvq s co€ls :l-{src<R <s ul"tt eflTs fl co, 1e-rrt
q-j-+lK {fr et i{q.ern'l T-dN sr<-qt qBr"srcffi wqtrqf<
"in-<
w{qG srq $-fl qr< I q{'eIT w-sl3r qrqm ,mqBE F'r<
cq<qft w-qtrqf< EG u-<l Affiqs<sot qsl qr< t"
,tFov<rq ) bs1 s : tv; qtrq T€E S xrsr{ qmrmr
'iRilanra
qrq< et
1frsfr< qlcatfr fli qq, fr {A \fle s q-{Jr{ qrtrr s*q<
rvnqfu ffi"ft firlQq I srr6t errt {.lffi Iftsfir "rffiItqlst
TEv-Rzs x{-sm qRutqilT "tal
frrgRE t ffi q** s tt.fqlmrE{
ftrs< a-g afr-aff cqFFffit ,trrs VB nm frrgrmr *t|q{ro
?trqt-ft $flr <pi{tr qfr-$ cqtE< q(qm s flq\firqfffi mfi o;rrptct
ffiE r dl :xqq q1a1 cat6o ffi.{6-{ ftq'.11w{ qt<rg ef+t qR
 :t
<llr r q<t q'rffr nfilm<qEl q-f,stR W{tuirtRffi fin&'s c*c{stcq<
c<FillsqlrqlaT{ o-<-cq mfir{<-sr{ "iFE<q ffi-fit-cs F(B cqm I
eiprcE fr B-qlq-f qqtqfr {tc{ 6-46q4 erorc< :r<rotR atfrre qq'l .q<(
wo $mry qn+It wq< esqtq eqr r .eolt qrqr{-stR mq qRm
ffisr qrq< ft qre qlxcqr c{lqlrd cvrqn=+'tr+ {ffqmre :tax
q't6ai, )bvc cIrq c{ qra-< sfim< {c$ {try \qrrqrq-c{ frRA frCDtR

c?{t {Ar{RE, ft{fra q:q-st Nrc{R "K qrq mt nq ffi 4lrgnF, rI{67
q9t fur sENn {rd[q{t
l \e
"fl\e{lT {fr"f-E.ilT{
a6a 1efid{rffi fu't6 qFficm q4 c{frft{ ptqfl q-{rt-ft
q{rt.lcs mE{e. qfl q<( <ltc<< qst1
I

Eten qefrq
"llffiR
ri.rqfrqrq{ s Reft q(fllqrrfrss< q*ta w{ettdm$tR fr-{D-6{
q({erq"i Fr< r c{ )K cqrt Tcq1fl {-ffrvt \ntcq cq{l-fi fr-{EH
qrErqc.ln Er-slsifilrst ffitor< {{r{ {l\s c{ ys-s 'er{c6[r[q q's
sxK qrrs ET[t&' <u-qF {cqRr{{,
"ffi cn'tefi'frq cqr"l< rus-r< $qlTI tl.lg@n Efl
pm r et ?<FIrtsl< wlt ffi
m{eG<c-€rflrRa? qrqn
srqqru% qfrocqKfifto <t<t e<( qltflTs Euitrr< a{
qrd< qsr frcs'{&
$
o-<t q<( qsrm &-<t&-<Ev-1s Bow
SR< wi ergB {rg c\orflt" ("Intemally capitalist
countries practise bourgcois denncracy ... becausc of this
characteristics. it is the task ofthe party ofthe proletariat in
the capitalist countries to educatc the workers and build up
strcngth througlr a long period of legal struggle and thus
preparc for the final ovcrthrow of capitalism")

foq {rdzilt {t etFFt{ qryvTst cq qri€R.i 4.-g6s 41-6E4fr, 6q

i:.
safi ts-cq{ o.r< eR .h <u-{Ri ql(s <mRmr,
'$1q-6q3 Cqrl ml4e ,fl{tnt clt {l qTfl {-{{F T-dcs
qfr-rfiR <Sfr qirffts rilK \fltF qfi-$F qrrfcr<
.q<(
"flR,
I C{tl" ("...we have no parliamcnt to make use of and no
legal right to organise the workcrs to strike.")
\TftEK aq{tE'it s <stlm \Ire<lftH, ,frfl
"ilffi
<T$rtK
sall <4(q, srfl cEh{ s {N cq E(IT{ Frq'Fr RcmR oqt <arcw I

vtsl-cEF {RrEfr'rE drrqf, w'tq-gtB.$R*rr< w, glstffii Tg-t?H

rihi1 q{I Rfug q*fq qfqa1.t Dffl6f{ ft&.e qlns C{ E(BR firflT
)b
q-t{fuft qqaqutEs R*r+< EE 6{ e$ 6abt qrqt
I qcq-r"t
cq"ttnl qmcqr fio esq sr{c6t q{tn qmqscaT R&E frg, Ustm
effq,€ w< q-{ r frH mq eH qs< {crFa st <il{n T-Gr {t€ 6q-yg
'Rlflt tq iF qIF 6f,u {frfirrrd olt-q qsffi tq D'ls{t'
'ff€{r{
cE{t{<rqErq{,
<(+E\s qg]grr
cE-[rEI Effiq cs.rlFFI ElRl ri-.'l{
"iffi w{qln .c-s fufr as?ilGs
<t eolR-{ c<E e-a1-qn
{fu< {B ft(mr <rnfrro qr+r< 6qr frct itr"pdcow
s6fr r... 1S om.t eA cs-< Erlrq, rq erF qqGro tfr
qqfiG (cq.rrql-q m-eY-E {ffi qqfrfr +s) e<( .Eqrsl
g.t{ or< c{t{r6t DFrrFFr wI fiq Est<tQq eEIfl BoRi
cHrsj-{ft ffi r aGffiq c{E{rrsm< q6$ 4qt6fio vlw
s ffis{ q+il "tRQG?e-R$rrfrcart, csq'tr+ aGffiq'
trs"lwFcr:Ism qffis{Tq{ $RBRS "ttff< c+Prq eo
A eolft.{ Atb :N'lSq {B Xg< qrrfQl" ("The long tcrm
survival insidc a country of onc or morc small arcas undcr
Red political powcr conplctcly cncirclcd by a white rcgimc
is a phcnomcnon that has ncrrcr occurred anywhcre elsc in
thc world. ... Two things account for its occwrcncc, nanrely,
a localiscd agricultural cconomy (not a unificd capitalist
econonry) and thc impcralist policy of marking off sphercs
of influcncc in ordcr to divide and cxploit. Thc prolongcd
splits and wars within thc white rcgrmc providc a condition
for the emergcnce and pcrsistancc of one or more small Rcd
arcas under thc lcadcrship of the Communist Party amidst
thc encirclcnpnt of thc white regimc.")
vBrcwr ycel qsF csfiys <l-qFr qefrB s $ll,lq <r{qFr qI(el
frfu{R €t "tRR&< corqs frq qlrqr er{cgftfir{{ n(trI qlEtnt
qFm furfi {lslsr-ffiffi< qfr{ '€rsKfft{ qEFFt', (Ftrmq w+
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