Chapter 17: Blood

The student should be able to:

1. List the components and functions of whole blood.
2. Relate the structure of an erythrocyte to its functions.
3. Describe the life cycle of an erythrocyte, beginning with its production from raw
materials in the red bone marrow and ending with its destruction by macrophages.
4. State the components, functions and ultimate fate of a hemoglobin molecule.
5. List and describe the major types of leukocytes, and classify them according to their
structural characteristics. State the main function and relative abundance of each
type.
6. Describe the phases and control of hemostasis (vascular spasm, platelet plug
formation, coagulation, clot retraction, fibrinolysis, inhibition of clotting).
7. Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. Describe
the final common pathway of blood coagulation.
8. Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups. Describe the procedures for determining blood
groups. Explain the cause of transfusion reactions and erythroblastosis fetalis.
9. Do the following Review Questions at the end of Chapter 17: 1 – 6, 9, 10, 11 (a and b), 12
– 14, 15 (a and b), 16, 18 – 20, 21a, 22 - 24.

Key Terms:
formed elements, plasma, hematocrit, plasma proteins, albumin, globulins

erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), globin, heme, hematopoiesis
(hemopoiesis), hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast), erythropoiesis, reticulocyte,
erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, transferrin, bilirubin, anemia, polycythemia

leukocytes, (white blood cells, WBCs), diapedesis, positive chemotaxis, leukocytosis,

granulocytes, neutrophils, defensins, eosinophils, basophils, histamine, mast cells,
agranulocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages,
leukopoiesis, interleukins, leukopenia, leukemia, differential white blood cell count

platelets, megakaryocytes

hemostasis, vascular spasm, serotonin, thromboxane A2, adenosine diphosphate (ADP),

coagulation (blood clotting), clotting factors (procoagulants), anticoagulants, intrinsic and
extrinsic clotting pathways, tissue factor (TF), factor X, prothrombin activator,
prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF),
fibrinolysis, plasmin, plasminogen, heparin, thrombus, embolus, thromboctyopenia,
hemophilia

ABO blood groups, agglutinogens, agglutinins, Rh factor, erythroblastosis fetalis,

transfusion reaction, universal donor, universal recipient

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