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Documentos de Cultura
3.1 INTRODUCTION:
development outcomes.
80
Therefore, a detailed study of the influence of demographic, social and
(1) Percentages
(2) Arithmetic means and standard deviations of each are to specify the
domain and to find where the IT worker faces more important among
the four main areas and to identify the responses of the different
dimensions.
of I.T. personnel were performed. Further, this analysis highlights the degree
time management.
81
TABLE 3.1
PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS
Number of IT
S. No Particulars Percentage
professionals
1. Age of IT professionals
Below 30 years 286 54.80
31 - 40 years 131 25.10
Above 40 years 105 20.10
Total 522 100
2. Gender distribution of IT professionals
Male 279 53.40
Female 243 46.60
Total 522 100
3. Marital status of IT professionals
Single 276 52.90
Married 246 47.10
Total 522 100
4. Number of Dependents of IT professionals
None 208 39.80
Up to 3 294 56.30
Above3 20 3.80
Total 522 100
5. Employment Status of IT professionals
Non Managerial level 288 55.20
Junior Managerial level 87 17.70
Middle Managerial level 71 13.06
Top Managerial level 76 14.04
Total 522 100
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Number of IT
S. No Particulars Percentage
professionals
6. Functional Area of IT professionals
HR 58 11.10
Marketing 23 4.40
Finance/Accounts 58 11.10
General admn. /secretarial 59 11.30
Software development 267 51.10
IT enabled services/BPO 57 10.90
Total 522 100
7. Type of Organization of IT professionals
Indian 133 25.50
Multinational 389 74.50
Total 522 100
8. Monthly Income of IT professionals
Up to Rs.20,000 109 20.90
Rs.20,000 - Rs.30,000 162 31.00
Rs.30,000 - Rs.50,000 136 26.10
Above Rs. 50,000 115 22.00
Total 522 100
9. Educational Qualification of IT professionals
Graduates 109 20.90
Post graduates 200 38.30
Professional 213 40.80
Total 522 100
10.Experience of IT professionals in work life
Up to 5 years 303 58.00
5 - 10 years 116 22.20
Above 10 years 103 19.70
Total 522 100
83
Number of IT
S. No Particulars Percentage
professionals
11. Career promotions of IT professionals in work life
Up to 3 318 60.90
Above 3 204 39.10
Total 522 100
12. Organizations changed by IT professionals in work life
None 233 44.60
Up to 2 167 32.00
Above 2 122 23.40
Total 522 100
13. Working in business strategy team
Yes 147 28.20
No 375 71.80
Total 522 100
14. Functional areas of business strategy team
Planning Process 51 9.80
Organizing/business
33 6.30
initiatives
Control systems 15 2.90
Co-ordination tasks 20 3.80
Appraisal /evaluation 23 4.40
Others 5 1.00
Total 147 100
Source: primary data
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Out of 522 employees, 53.40% of the employees are males and
The above table depicts the 56.30% of the employees are having
employees are having more than 3 dependents. This shows that most
As per the sample data, 55.20% of the I.T employees are working in
earning less than Rs.20,000 per month. This indicates that most of
income.
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and another 20.90% of the employees are having graduation as their
employees have got more than 3 career promotions in their work life.
44.60% of the employees are still working with their first employer,
71.80% of the employees expressed that they are not part of business
86
the IT employees (71.80%) are not associated with business strategy
with controlling the systems, 3.80% of the employees are in the co-
Table 3.2
Importance of Time management
S. No Statements Mean SD
I am well aware that time is my most critical
1 4.59 .614
resource (Awareness of time)
I set myself clear goals in my life
2 4.16 .684
(Clear life goals)
I feel time audit is very important for
3 4.29 .744
performance evaluation (Time audit)
For me, quality of work is more important
4 4.30 .785
than strict time schedule (Time schedule)
To be successful in life, one must place task
5 4.43 .604
and time properly (Task and time planning)
Source: primary data Average mean 4.35
87
Time is an important part of life. So one must know how to invest it in
planning, scheduling, organizing, save time and to reduce stress in the long run.
to organize how the rest of the time should be spent. This will make sure that
The above table shows the mean responses given by the IT professionals
management. From this analysis it is inferred that the respondents are very
much aware of time management and they give more importance in preparing
and work on perceived job performance in private and public sector” 4, which
implies that workers know the importance of time and there is no difference in
their way of thinking, feeling and acting in respect to the use of time.
Table 3.3
S. No Statements Mean SD
I set my priorities according to their
1 4.44 .660
importance (Prioritization)
I want everything in its proper place at
2 4.02 .900
home and office (Organizing)
I always do right things in the right way
3 3.95 .824
in available time frame (Time efficiency)
I prefer a quiet time into each work day
4 3.93 .786
(Quiet time)
Source: primary data Average Mean 4.08
88
Self-Consciousness about time management helps a person to increase
prioritizing and organizing their daily work and capable of doing their right
thing at the right time and they are good in self consciousness in time
management.
Table 3.4
S. No Statements Mean SD
I make a fresh –to- do list daily
1 3.79 .899
(To do list)
I prefer to keep a track of the productive use of
2 3.78 .856
my time (Time track)
I generally give undivided attention to one task
3 3.67 .954
at a time (Time concentration)
I am usually interested in preparing time budget
4 3.74 .930
for my tasks (Time and Task budget)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.7
planning and use of time. As there is a need to balance many roles in today’s
inferred that the respondents are good at maintaining ‘to do list’, time log and
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Table 3.5
S. No Statements Mean SD
I use my prime work times, to complete the important
1 4.13 .746
task (Prime time)
I do not try to defer / postpone my work
2 3.82 .977
(Procrastination)
I do something productive, whenever I have time
3 3.72 .925
intervals (Productive time use)
I try to finish at least one task everyday on priority
4 4.10 .818
basis (Task prioritization)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.93
The above analysis shows that the IT professionals surveyed are more
than average in coping with time management skills and they are using their
Table 3.6
Implementation efforts
S. No Statements Mean SD
I divide large work schedules into smaller
1 4.06 .792
separate stages (Division of work schedule)
I set deadlines for myself both at work and non-
2 3.97 .802
work situations (Deadline setting)
I could not allocate sometime during the day
3 for personal work normally (Allocation of 3.46 1.046
personal time)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.82
decide what to do with time and how best to organize the activity within the
90
that they are competent in implementation efforts by dividing the large work
schedule into small stages and setting deadlines for each stage of work.
TECHNIQUES ADOPTED:
Table 3.7
Self management
S. No Statements Mean SD
I always have control in my life as I can control
1 3.61 .849
my productive time (Productive time)
I used to organize my daily activities so that
2 3.79 .842
there is no confusion (Organizing)
I usually plan for some extra time to cover
3 3.55 .899
unforeseen event (unforeseen plan)
I work steadily at my own pace to reach
4 3.83 .804
deadlines (Meeting the deadlines)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.69
Time is one of the scarce resources available to man and the utilization
could be explained within the framework of doing the right thing at the right
time in the work place while emphasizing on the time management skills and
organizing ability and the intension of meeting the deadline are above the
average mean, which shows that they are good in self management.
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Table 3.8
S. No Statements Mean SD
I apply a planned line of action in my work
1 3.98 .762
(Work schedule)
I used to reduce each stage of my task in terms
2 3.71 .822
of time and work(Task and time plan)
I always plan for the unplanned which affect
3 3.57 .986
my work(Contingency plan)
I always choose a field of activity most
4 conducive to my mental and intellectual 3.70 .862
constitution(Choice of field)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.74
From the above analysis, it is inferred that the selected professionals for
this study are well versed in preparing their work schedule and in ‘task and
time’ plan which indicated that they are good at sequential time plans.
Table 3.9
S. No Statements Mean SD
My life goal is realistic and within my capacity
1 4.02 .815
to achieve in the available time frame (Life goal)
My ideal life goal gives proper direction to avoid
2 dissipation of energy and time (dissipation of 3.94 .783
time)
I determine the frequency and duration of any
3 type of work to make a real change in my life 3.89 .832
(Work sequence)
I plan my work related activities sequentially to
4 ensure their orderly and timely completion 3.99 .868
(Work plan)
Source: primary data Average Mean 3.96
frame of their life goals and sequence of work plans are achievable and
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measurable. They do have realistic life plans and strives to achieve their goals
Table 3.10
S. No Statements Mean SD
I analyze my peak experience to realize my full
1 3.98 .827
potential in work (Work potential)
I always better balance my actual time used and
2 3.86 .887
ideal time used(Work time balance)
I always utilize my prime time productively
3 3.97 .880
(Productive time)
I never face the perennial problem of lack of time
4 3.61 1.068
in my work (lack of time)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.85
This statistical analysis reveals that the respondents are having moderate
work potential by utilizing their productive time, but they do feel lack of time
Table 3.11
S. No Statements Mean SD
I know my key result areas in my work on
1 which I utilize my prime time 4.12 .828
(Key result areas of work)
I prioritize the high pay off activities to realize
2 the critical and time sensitive tasks 3.99 .873
(High pay of activities)
I daily concentrate on urgent and important
3 4.27 .794
work first (Work importance)
I used to analyze how my time is allocated to
4 4.00 .929
my priorities (Time analysis)
Source: primary data Average mean 4.05
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The above statistical analysis shows that in ‘planning and prioritizing’,
the IT professionals selected for the study are utilizing their prime time in key
result areas better by concentrating their urgent work first. Since the mean
responses are above the average level, it is inferred that they are good in
planning and concentrate on urgent and important work. But they lag behind in
Table 3.12
Organizing
responsibility and clear achievable work objectives are more preferred criteria
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Table 3.13
Delegation
S. No Statements Mean SD
I wish delegated work is matched to my
1 knowledge skills and interest(Delegation of 3.79 .873
work)
I prefer to teach others how to do the job rather
2 3.65 1.129
than do the job myself (Job training)
I have sufficient time to concentrate on
3 important tasks by way of delegation 3.79 .906
(Time use)
My superiors often meddle in work they have
4 delegated causing time run down 3.43 1.001
(Work interference)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.66
From the above analysis, it is concluded that the respondents are good in
delegation and using the time available through delegation productively and
Table 3.14
Time traps
S. No Statements Mean SD
I do analyze work interruptions by whom,
1 when, about what and how long 3.51 .928
(work interruptions)
I am able to sort my paper work and office
2 email instructions according to priorities 3.86 .817
(Prioritizing paper work)
Work interruptions by colleagues and phone
3 calls cause delay in work commitments 3.44 1.045
(External time wasters)
Often I could not clear my desk and prepare
4 2.87 1.252
items for the next morning (Desk organizing)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.42
95
It is inferred that the respondents are capable of analyzing work
interruptions and sorting out the paper work as per priorities and prepare
Table 3.15
Lack of objectivity
N % N % N %
do not like but that must be done 103 19.7 328 62.8 91 17.4
(Task avoidance)
problems and suffer frustration for 137 26.2 314 60.2 71 13.6
The above table explains that only less than 18% of the respondents are
tasks.
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Table 3.16
Non - Cooperation
The responses given by the IT professionals, shows that less than 20%
Table 3.17
Egoism
The responses given by the IT professionals, shows that less than 38% of the
respondents are always facing impediments through personal egos which arises
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Table 3.18
Personality complexes
complexes. The responses given by the IT professionals show that less than
Table 3.19
Daily work schedule
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I have considerable difficulties
106 20.30 254 48.70 162 31.00
in making operational decisions
I have a list of all work
93 17.80 265 50.80 164 31.40
assignments on paper in advance
I often assign work to pending
category when it should be dealt 171 32.80 212 40.60 139 26.60
with on the spot
I set aside time for both short
and term long term plans in my 62 11.90 249 47.70 211 40.40
work life
Source: Primary data
schedule. The responses given by the I.T. professionals show that 40% of the
respondents are planning the daily work schedule and 27% of the respondents
are assigning their work in pending category and 40 % of the respondents are
planning both the short term and long term goals in their work life. It is
inferred that planning is key to effective time management. In this respect, the
performance in organizations.
Table 3.20
Yes No Total
N % N % N %
I am happy with the balance of
priorities between my work and 401 76.80 121 23.20 522 100
personal lives
I am disappointed with the amount and
253 48.50 269 51.50 522 100
quality of time I devote to my family
I constantly update my knowledge on
444 85.10 78 14.90 522 100
my professional field
I spend the time needed for personal
437 83.70 85 16.30 522 100
and career development
I set specific written goals and put 329 63.00 193 37.00 522 100
99
deadlines on them
I find time to pursue activities I enjoy
329 63.00 193 37.00 522 100
other than work schedules
My life is always busy but I feel I have
260 49.80 262 50.20 522 100
not accomplished much
I review my long range performance
goals both in personal and professional 381 73.00 141 27.00 522 100
life
I always take advantage of available
424 81.20 98 18.80 522 100
options and availabilities to set goals
I set goals and practice regularly to
369 70.70 153 29.30 522 100
enrich myself
Source: primary data
table 3.20 shows that most of the IT professionals are adopting specific time
personal life. But at certain times, they feel lack of quality time devoted to
Table 3.21
S.
Statements Mean SD
No
I have gained more time for task that
advanced my life goals by giving no
1 3.83 .897
attention to time wasters
(Task advancement)
I have achieved my time and task budget
which motivates me for the completion of
2 3.88 .765
my goals positively
(Time and task achievement)
Prioritizing of work demands leads me to
3 performance effectiveness objectively 4.08 .699
(Effective performance)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.93
100
This statistical analysis indicates that the respondents are satisfied with
in personal career goal setting are more than the average level which shows
that there are satisfied with the allocation of tasks, time and prioritizing work
plans.
time.
agreed that time management has helped them to achieve their goals and 40 %
of the respondents agreed that time management has been helpful in the
increase of productivity.
Table 3.22
S. No Statements Mean SD
I am happy that I am more productive in my
1 work as I am free of worry about what is going 3.69 1.003
on at home (Work productiveness)
I always find time to successfully balance my
2 3.68 .981
work and family life (Work life balance)
Since my personal needs are addressed by
3 flexible working hours, I like to go an extra mile 3.68 .920
achieve goals (Flexible work time)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.68
This above analysis indicates that the selected IT professionals for the
survey are successful in achieving the balance in work and in life with their
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productive work and flexible working time. It is observed that all the mean
responses given by them towards work life balance are above the average level.
This shows that they perceive themselves in good work life balance.
Table 3.23
Resource planning
S.
Statements Mean SD
No
I have learnt how to allocate time, money
1 materials and space in my job 3.93 .856
(Resource allocation)
I like to work as a team in achieving the
2 organizational goals 4.05 .782
(Team work)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.99
planning are above the average level, they are able to plan for the resource
allocation and team efforts in their work organizations confidently, as per the
survey.
Table 3.24
Social networking
S. No Statements Mean SD
I take advantage of opportunities through social
1 3.72 .933
networking (Better opportunities)
Social networking helps me to acquaint with
2 people who are interested in the same thing as I 3.69 .927
am (Social acquaintance)
I feel social networking is an essential tool
3 nowadays to make my presence felt by others 3.61 1.049
(Self importance)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.67
102
This analysis shows that mean responses given by the IT professionals
observed that all the mean responses given by the IT professionals towards
social networking are above the average level, as the IT professionals feel
with others for updating their knowledge acquaintance and for professional
development.
Table 3.25
Work Ethics
S. No Statements Mean SD
(Task completion)
sincerity)
‘work ethics’. It shows that IT professionals’ attitude towards work ethics are
above the average level and they are working with good professional ethics,
103
Table 3.26
Professional skills
S. No Statements Mean SD
I have acquired work place competency through
1 4.05 .813
my job (Work competency)
I enjoy working with people from culturally
2 4.00 .798
divorced backgrounds in my job (Work culture)
I can very well understand any new technology
3 and maintain trouble shoot equipments 4.04 .857
(Technical skill)
Source: primary data Average mean 4.02
It is inferred from the above results that all the mean responses given by
the IT professionals towards Professional skills are above the average level.
This indicates that they have the required technical skills and work place
Table 3.27
S. No Statements Mean SD
I enjoy additional paid vacation time for
1 completing the project within the scheduled 3.73 .934
time (Vacation pay)
I have been rewarded for my excellent job
2 performance with the project bonuses 3.85 .947
(Rewards)
I am allowed to do my job in the flexible
3 3.85 .910
working hours (Work flexibility)
Source: primary data Average mean 3.81
It is observed from the above analysis that all the mean responses given
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above the average level. This shows that the IT professionals are getting good
Table 3.28
Stress control
S. No Statements Mean SD
(Stress reduction)
(Self confidence)
It is inferred that all the mean responses given by the IT professionals towards
stress control are above the average level except punctuality, which shows that
that feelings of control over time was strongly and negatively associated with
105
strain (-.42) suggesting that employees who feel that they have control over
Summary of Inferences:-
The selected IT professionals for this study are very much aware of the
They regularly prepare the time and task budgets and review the
same.
They give importance to key result areas and high pay of activities.
They lag behind in analyzing the high pay off activities with time
budget.
survey are almost very good at following the time management techniques such
performance effectiveness and work life balance. They are striving hard in
performing their jobs, which leads to getting rewards and reducing the stress
level.
106
Analysis of techniques of Time management with demographic, social and
economic variables
cope with the multitude of tasks faced on a daily basis is vital to success.
change. High stakes in testing, delicate and a myriad of critical tasks both
critical that professionals take control of their lives and identify ways to
efficiently make use of their time. The core emphasis of any time management
strategy consist of focusing results. Setting goals and working to achieve them
107
TABLE SHOWING THE ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC
Table 3. 29
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
P Value
Level of
Value
Mean
S.No
108
Demographic
t / F Value
significant
Sub Items
Variables
P Value
Level of
Value
Mean
S.No
7. Type of Private Sector 80.3525
organizations (Indian)
Private Sector 80.2648
(Multi National) 0.802 0.807 NS
Government 83.5455
sector
8. Monthly income Upto 20,000 80.5872
20,000-30,000 80.4321
30,000-50,000 79.7574
50,000-75,000 80.6129 2.844 0.000** S
Above 75,000 80.8679
9. Educational UG 78.9149
qualification PG 80.2500
Professional 1.239 0.153 NS
81.0395
Qualification
10 Total years of 1 to 5 years 79.9340
experience in 6 to 10 years 82.0776
work life 11 to 15 years 79.2471 2.142 0.000** S
Above 15 years 81.5556
11 No. of career Upto 2
80.2893
promotions in promotions
work life 3 to 5 80.8471 2.193 0.000** S
Above
78.5000
5 promotions
12 No. of None 80.5408
organizations Upto 2 79.4970
changed in your 1.532 0.021* S
Above 2 81.1721
work life
Source: primary data
selected for this study between age and techniques of time management. With
above 40 yrs of age. The obtained 'F' value is 2.013 and ‘P’ value is 0.000 and
techniques of time management and they are not significantly different in their
perceptions. The mean scores indicate that male and female IT professional’s
the same level of work demands and career related expectations in their
organizational settings.
110
3. Marital status and techniques of time management:-
without dependents have high mean value (81.139) and slightly high value
upto three dependents with the mean value of 80.017, but those with more
than three dependents show less than the above mean value (77.150). It seems
management. The above table shows that the junior managerial level
which indicate that the top level executives are involved in planning and
111
prioritizing and their organizing capacity significantly increases due to their
experience in work.
them, when analysed on the basis of functional area exhibit a high level of their
Finance and accounts and other general category IT professionals show lower
firms and multi-national firms although their differences in perceptions are not
112
8. Income and techniques of time management:-
The mean scores show that higher the income level, higher is the level
study of executives, one important phenomenon is that pay and perks act as a
social investments on them, since they often tend to compare their level with
Mean scores show that the technique of time management is high among IT
‘Measure the share of effective factors and time management”11 which inferred
that time management skills seem to be high between managers with different
education qualifications.
mean of value of 82.07 and the lowest mean was scored by the IT professionals
with experience more than 10 years (79.24). This shows that the IT
professionals with experience of 5 -10 years are having more clarity about the
113
techniques of time management, but the IT professionals with experience more
than 10 years are less conscious about the techniques of time management. The
obtained ‘f’ value is 3.195 and it is significant at 1% level. The value indicates
work, they have acquired more knowledge and practices which helped them to
management:-
management among the IT professionals. The mean scores indicate that, those
with above five promotions have low mean score (78.50), when compared to IT
high positions and experiences. It is inferred that higher the career promotions,
114
that there is significant mean differences between IT professionals’
Summary of Inferences:-
It is inferred from the above analysis that with the advancement of age,
The top level executives are better in using the techniques of time
management than the middle level, which indicate that the top level executives
due to their wide knowledge. The respondents with more than 10 years
experience are less conscious about the techniques of time management and the
115
TABE SHOWING THE ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
Table 3. 30
Classification
Demographic
significant
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
116
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
7. Type of Private Sector
76.9211
organizations (Indian)
Private Sector 1.758 0.000** S
(Multi 74.5228
National)
Government
70.1705
sector
8. Monthly income Upto 20,000 77.6491
20,000-30,000 75.5903
30,000-50,000 73.3088 1.847 0.000** S
50,000-75,000 72.8427
Above 75,000 74.5283
9. Educational UG 76.5027
qualification PG 73.3500
Professional 75.8087 1.392 0.029* S
10. Total years of 1 to 5 years 75.8416
experience in 6 to 10 years 75.3179
work life 11 to 15 years 71.8235 1.467 0.014* S
Above 15
73.5417
years
11. No. of career Upto
75.4245
promotions in 2 promotions
work life 3 to 5 74.5956 1.362 0.040* S
Above
72.9228
5 promotions
12. No. of None 76.4565
organizations Upto 2 73.4993 1.551 0.000** S
changed in your
Above 2 74.2367
work life
Source: primary data
117
Summary of analysis:-
age above 40 years have scored higher mean value of 75.90% and the lowest
mean was scored by the IT professionals having age 31- 40 years ( 72.924 ).
This shows that the IT professionals above the age of above 40 years are more
comfortable with the level of time management techniques adopted than those
with age between 31- 40 years. However, the results reveal that, there are no
The above table revealed that single, married and IT professionals are
118
indicate that single persons are better on level of time management techniques
adopted:-
dependents have high mean value (75.549) than others. It might be due to the
reason that the persons with no dependents have more productive time to
adopted:-
The obtained 'F' value is 2.447 and it is significant at 1% level. The ‘P’
adopted, junior managerial level, employees having high mean value than top
due to the fact that junior and middle management are responsible for
functional operations which are target oriented, hence they have to adopt higher
119
6. Functional areas and level of time management techniques
adopted:-
professionals, when analysed on the basis of functional area exhibit a high level
adopted than others. This result is confirmed in the study by R Hassan Zabah12
which says that the time management is different between different type of
managers.
adopted:-
professionals in Indian private firms have high mean scores (76.92) and those
statistically significant.
120
8. Income and level of time management techniques adopted:-
The mean scores show that higher the income level, higher will be the
and perks act as a social investments on them, since they often tend to compare
their level with others in the same professional area – working in different
needs, that operate on a comparison syndrome but, strongly influence the level
and the lowest mean was scored by the IT professionals with experience more
than 10 years. This shows that the IT professionals with experience of 1 -10
121
years are having more clarity about the level of time management techniques
adopted and the IT professionals with experience more than 10 years are less
obtained ‘f’ value is 1.467 and it is significant at 5% level. The value indicates
The mean score indicate that, IT professionals with more than five
promotions have low mean scores (72.92) and upto five promotion IT
adopted:-
5% level. The results indicate that those working in same organizations show
122
better perceptions towards adequacy of methods of time management
Summary of Inferences:-
It is inferred from the above analysis that the level of time management
sample IT professionals.
123
TABLE SHOWING THE ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC
Table 3. 31
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
P Value
Level of
Value
Mean
S.No
Above3 67.0454
Junior
Managerial 68.1641
Middle
67.4135
Management
Top
63.8955
Management
124
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
6. Functional Areas HR 67.7830
Marketing 67.3912
Finance/
69.4095
Accounts
General
administration/ 67.4884 0.893 0.633 NS
Secretarial
Software
65.5827
development
IT enabled
67.0653
services/BPO
7. Type of Private Sector 1.397 0.081 NS
68.9456
organizations (Indian)
Private Sector
66.1174
(Multi National)
Government
62.9476
sector
8. Monthly income Upto 20,000 69.6691
20,000-30,000 67.5364
30,000-50,000 66.1279 3.242 0.000** S
50,000-75,000 64.8826
Above 75,000 61.6923
9. Educational UG 67.8271
qualification PG 66.3408
Professional 1.391 0.084 NS
66.5665
Qualification
10 Total years of 1 to 5 years 67.5998
experience in work 6 to 10 years 66.5229
life 11 to 15 years 64.3137 1.949 0.002** S
Above 15 years 64.2255
125
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
11 No. of career Upto 2
67.2050
promotions in promotions
work life 3 to 5 65.9942 1.610 0.023* S
Above 5
65.5971
promotions
12 No. of None 68.6454
organizations Upto 2 65.8682
2.287 0.000** S
changed in your
Above 2 64.1703
work life
Source: primary data S: Significant,
* significant at 5% level,
Summary of findings:-
professionals, who are having age of above 40 years are more comfortable in
impediments of time management are higher than the male perceptions. Female
126
IT respondents take very much care in reducing the impediments of time
scores. It explains that more than married IT personnel, single status persons
are very conscious about overcoming the obstacles faced in proper practice of
time management.
The mean scores indicate that those with no dependent have low mean value
than with those upto three dependents and above. However, the number of
of time management.
The obtained 'F' value is 1.961 and it is significant at 1% level. The ‘P’
above table shows that the junior and the middle managerial level employees
127
show high mean values because they are concentrating their efforts to complete
work within set deadlines when compared to top managerial levels. The
of time management.
on the basis of functional area exhibit a high level of perceptions for those in
private firms have high mean scores (68.94) and private sector in multinational
128
8. Monthly income and impediments of time management:- The mean
values show that the higher income level of IT professionals, higher will be the
did not show significant differences in their perceptions. Mean scores show that
value than those with experience more than 10 years. This shows that the IT
professionals with experience of 1 -10 years are having more clarity about the
experience more than 10 years are having less concern about the impediments
level. It indicates that there are significant mean differences in their perceptions
management.
129
11. Number of career promotions in work life and impediments of time
management:-
themselves. The mean score indicate that, those with more than three
promotions have low mean values and those upto two promotions show high
of time management.
Summary of Inferences:-
qualifications, which indicate that all these variables do not reduce time
130
wasters. Factors such as marital status, employment status, monthly income,
because in all these variables, the respondents show that they are more
responsible and result oriented and they do analyze their time log daily.
TIME PLANNING
activities that have been important. Keeping a daily or weekly planner seems
Oluchulewu16 emphasized the use of personal time analysis chart to analyze the
Akomolfe17 reiterated that the personal time analysis chart will help
employees to study the use of their time tasks for their activities during the day
planning efforts.
131
TABLE SHOWING THE ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC
Table 3. 32
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
P Value
Level of
Value
Mean
S.No
132
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
P Value
Level of
Value
Mean
S.No
6. Functional Areas HR 63.7069 1.265 0.236 NS
Marketing 65.2174
Finance/Accou
69.2241
nts
General
administration/ 65.6780
Secretarial
Software
66.0112
development
IT enabled
62.9825
services/BPO
7. Type of Private Sector
63.6885
organizations (Indian)
Private Sector
(Multi 66.2211 1.274 0.230 NS
National)
Government
70.0000
sector
8. Monthly income Upto 20,000 65.1835 2.285 0.008** NS
20,000 to
64.5370
30,000
30,000 to
66.8382
50,000
50,000 to
68.9516
75,000
Above 75,000 63.6792
133
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
9. Educational UG 64.9468 1.965 0.025* S
qualification PG 66.2500
Professional
65.5482
Qualification
10 Total years of 1 to 5 years 65.4785 2.459 0.004** S
experience in work 6 to 10 years 64.7414
life 11 to 15 years 66.8824
Above 15 years 70.2778
11 No. of career Upto 2 1.053 0.399 NS
65.0472
promotions in promotions
work life 3 to 5 66.6765
Above 5
67.0588
promotions
12 No. of None 65.4077 1.323 0.201 NS
organizations Upto 2 66.6467
changed in your
Above 2 65.0000
work life
Source: primary data
found between age and personal time planning. Mean scores indicate that the
value 67.42 and the lowest mean was scored by the IT professionals having age
above40 years ( 64.80 ). Therefore, the result reveals that, there are significant
134
planning because with the increase in age, they reach higher employment
status.
perceptions on personal time planning are higher than the female perceptions.
professionals are higher level perceptions on personal time planning than the
above table shows that the top managerial level employees have high mean
135
6. Functional areas and Personal time planning:- Personal time
marketing show moderately high level mean score, but HR and IT enabled
spend their maximum time in their work place to meet the work demands.
firms show low mean score (63.68) and private sector in multinational show
public sector have a high level perceptions of personal time planning, although
8. Monthly Income and Personal time planning:- The mean score shows
level of income is compared with personal time planning. The results indicate
136
that the level of income is not influencing the personal time planning of the
respondents.
scores show that the personal time planning is high level among IT
experience of 1 -10 years have low mean value approximately (65) and the
highest mean was shown by the IT professionals with experience more than 10
years (70). This shows that the IT professionals with experience of 1 -10 years
are having more clarity about the personal time planning. The IT professionals
with experience more than 10 years are having less clarity about the personal
time planning. The obtained ‘f’ value is 2.459 and it is significant at 1% level.
With increase in experience, they learn better to balance their work time and
personal time.
(analyzed on the basis of No. of career promotions in work life) exhibit higher
137
IT professionals classified on basis of the number of career promotions in
work life did not show any significant difference in perceptions towards
Summary of Inferences:
status, qualification and experience which indicates that the personal time
time period. Efficient and effective use of time is a pre condition for
show the existence of a positive relationship between use of time and key
138
found a positive relationship between effective time management and
organizational performance.
OUTCOMES OF IT PERSONNEL
Table 3. 33
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
Above 40
81.8060
years
Female 77.7241
Married 77.6529
Up to 3 77.9414
Above3 75.3478
139
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
5. Employment Status Non 2.372 0.000** S
Managerial 76.7844
level
Junior
Managerial 79.9700
level
Middle
78.6528
Management
Top
78.1922
Management
6. Functional Areas HR 81.0945 1.916 0.000** S
Marketing 79.1682
Finance/
74.3028
Accounts
General
administration/ 78.9388
Secretarial
Software
77.3099
development
IT enabled
78.3371
services/BPO
7. Type of Private Sector
79.8503
organizations (Indian)
Private Sector
(Multi 77.1633 1.242 0.133 NS
National)
Government
76.3636
sector
140
Demographic
significant
Sub Items
Variables
t/F Value
Level of
P Value
Value
Mean
S.No
8. Monthly income Upto 20,000 78.2449 1.787 0.001** S
20,000-30,000 77.4665
30,000-50,000 77.2954
50,000-75,000 76.5077
Above 75,000 80.4594
9. Educational UG 75.8279 1.649 0.009** S
qualification PG 76.7826
Professional
79.4470
Qualification
10. Total years of 1 to 5 years 77.7414 2.214 0.000** S
experience in work 6 to 10 years 78.2009
life 11 to 15 years 77.6164
Above
76.3285
15 years
11. No. of career Upto 1.696 0.003** S
77.9054
promotions in work 2 promotions
life 3 to 5 77.6266
Above
77.2890
5 promotions
12. No. of None 78.1526 1.979 0.000** S
organizations Upto 2 76.6467
changed in your
Above 2 78.5959
work life
Source: primary data
141
professionals with age above 40 years have scored higher mean value of 81.80
and the lowest mean was shown by the IT professionals having age 31- 40
years ( 75.76 ). This shows that the IT professionals whose age level is above
than others, the reason being with increase in age, they are reaching the high
142
dependents, IT professionals have high level perceptions on their professional
their professional development outcomes. The obtained 'F' value is 2.372 and it
respect to their career development outcomes. The above table shows that the
low managerial level employees have high mean values (79.97) and top and
their efforts on time management. HR professionals as per the study show high
private firms are high mean score (79.85) and private sector in multinational
143
are moderate level mean score(77.16), IT professionals working in a
show that when the income level is higher, the level of development outcomes
also increases and this indicates when the income increases they are better
The obtained ‘f’ value is 2.214 and it is significant at 1% level. The value
144
work experience with respect to their professional development outcomes.
With the increase in experience, they are acquiring more and better time
management skills.
exhibit significant differences on their idea of time management due the reason
that with the increase in number of promotions, they reach higher professional
Those who changed their employers are more concerned about managing time
Summary of inferences:
regarding the gender, number of respondents and type of organizations. All the
development outcomes.
145
Comprehensive interpretation of results are as follows:-
146
Conclusion:-
This analysis found that the majority of the respondents selected for this
study preferred a highly structured way of working because they were able to
use their time most efficiently. IT respondents of the survey reveal that they
try to achieve their performance by understanding what they had set out to do
and assess the importance and urgency of task consciously. The main reason
for this work style was that they disliked wasting their time and felt that they
made their best use of their time by working systematically, which contributed
professional life and work life as they are sincere, never late to their office,
honest in doing their job, use their productive time and are capable of achieving
professionals and to find out the inter correlation among the variables.
147