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East Asians comprise around 1.6 billion people. About 38% of the population of Asia
and 22%, or over one fifth, of world's population lives in East Asia. Although the
coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated
places, the population in Mongolia and Western China, both landlocked areas, is
very sparsely distributed, with Mongolia having the lowest population density of a
sovereign state. The overall population density of the region is 133 inhabitants
per square kilometre (340/sq mi), about three times the world average of 45/km2
(120/sq mi).
Historically, societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese cultural sphere,
and East Asian vocabulary and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and
Chinese script. Major religions include Buddhism (mostly Mahayana[5]), Confucianism
or Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion in Mainland China, Hong Kong,
Macau and Taiwan, Shinto in Japan, Korean shamanism in Korea. Shamanism is also
prevalent among Mongolians and other indigenous populations of northern East Asia
such as the Manchus and Ewenki.[6][7] Islam is popular in Northwest China and
Kazaks in Mongolia. The Chinese calendar is the root from which many other East
Asian calendars are derived.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 United Nations Statistics Division
2.1 Alternative definitions
3 Economy
4 Territorial and regional data
4.1 Etymology
4.2 Demographics
4.3 Major ethnic groups
5 Culture
5.1 Overview
5.2 Religions
5.3 Festivals
6 Collaboration
6.1 East Asian Youth Games
6.2 Free trade agreements
6.3 Military alliances
7 Major cities and towns
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of East Asia
In comparison with the profound influence of the Ancient Greeks and Romans on
Europe and the Western World, China would already possess an advanced civilization
nearly half a millennia before Japan and Korea.[8] Subsequent Chinese Dynasties
exerted enormous influence across East Asia culturally, economically, politically
and militarily for over two millennia.[9] Cultural and religious interaction
between the Chinese and other regional East Asian dynasties and kingdoms occurred.
As Chinese civilization existed for about 1500 years before other East Asian
civilizations emerged into history, China would exert enormous cultural, economic,
technological, and political muscle on its neighbors.[10][11][12] The Imperial
Chinese tributary system shaped much of East Asia's history for over 2000 years due
to Imperial China's economic and cultural dominance over the region, and thus
played a huge role in the history of East Asia in particular.[13][14] The
transmission of advanced Chinese cultural practices and ways of thinking greatly
shaped the region up until the 19th century.[15]
As East Asia's connections with Europe and the Western world strengthened during
the late 19th century, China's power began to decline. U.S.Commodore Matthew C.
Perry would open Japan to Western ways, and the country would expand in earnest
after the 1860s.[16] Around the same time, Japan with its rush to modernity
transformed itself from an isolated feudal samurai state into East Asia's first
industrialized nation.[17] The modern and powerful Japan would galvanize it's
position in the Orient as East Asia's greatest power with a global mission poised
to advance to lead the entire world.[18] With its newly found international status,
Japan would begin to inextricably take a more active and leading role in world
affairs. Flexing its nascent political and military might, Japan would soundly
defeat the stagnant Qing Dynasty during the First Sino-Japanese War as well as
vanquishing imperial rival Russia in 1905, the first major military victory in the
modern era of an East Asian power over a European one.[19][20] It's hegemony was
the heart of an empire that would include Taiwan and Korea.[21] During World War
II, Japanese expansionism with its imperialist aspirations through the Greater East
Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would incorporate Korea, Taiwan, much of eastern China
and Manchuria, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia under its control.[22] Following
Japan's defeat in the war, the Korean peninsula became independent but then it was
divided into two rival states, while Taiwan became the main territory of de facto
state Republic of China after the latter lost mainland China to the People's
Republic of China in the Chinese Civil War.
UNSD geoscheme for Asia based on statistic convenience rather than implying any
assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories:
[23]
North Asia
Central Asia
Western Asia
South Asia
East Asia
Southeast Asia
The UNSD definition of East Asia is based on statistical convenience,[23] but also
other common definitions of East Asia contain the entirety of China (including
Mainland, Hong Kong, Macau), Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.
[3][24]
Culturally, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam are commonly seen as being
encompassed by cultural East Asia (East Asian cultural sphere).[4][25][26][27]
Alternative definitions[edit]
There are mixed debates around the world whether these countries or regions should
be considered in East Asia or not.
Observers preferring a broader definition of "East Asia" often use the term
Northeast Asia to refer to the greater China area, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula,
and Japan, with Southeast Asia covering the ten ASEAN countries. This usage, which
is seen in economic and diplomatic discussions, is at odds with the historical
meanings of both "East Asia" and "Northeast Asia".[28][29][30] The Council on
Foreign Relations defines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea.[31]
Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of East Asia
State/Territory GDP nominal
billions of USD (2017)[32] GDP nominal per capita
USD (2017)[32] GDP PPP
billions of USD (2017)[32] GDP PPP per capita
USD (2017)[32]
China 11,937.562 8,583 23,122.027 16,624
Hong Kong 334.104 44,999 453.019 61,015
Macau 51.160 79,563 73.579 114,430
Japan 4,884.489 38,550 5,405.072 42,659
North Korea N/A N/A N/A N/A
South Korea 1,529.743 29,730 2,026.651 39,387
Mongolia 10.869 3,553 38.395 12,551
Taiwan 571.453 24,227 1,175.308 49,827
Territorial and regional data[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Flag Common Name Official Name
Exonym Endonym Exonym Endonym
China China ?? People�s Republic of China ???????
Hong Kong Hong Kong ?? Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
of the People�s Republic of China ??????????????
Macau Macau ?? Macao Special Administrative Region
of the People�s Republic of China ??????????????
Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau
da Rep�blica da China
Japan Japan ?? State of Japan ???
Mongolia Mongolia ?????? ??? Mongolia ?????? ???(??????
???? )
North Korea North Korea ?? Democratic People�s Republic of Korea ???????????
(???????????)
South Korea South Korea ?? Republic of Korea ???? (????)
Taiwan Taiwan[33] ?? / ?? Republic of China ????
Demographics[edit]
State/Territory Area km2 Population[34]
(2016) Population density
per km2 HDI Capital
China 9,640,011[35] 1,403,500,365 138 0.727 Beijing
Hong Kong 1,104 7,302,843 6,390 0.912 Hong Kong
Macau 30 612,167 18,662 0.892 Macau
Japan 377,930 127,748,513 337 0.891 Tokyo
North Korea 120,538 25,368,620 198 0.595 Pyongyang[36]
South Korea 100,210 50,791,919 500 0.898 Seoul
Mongolia 1,564,100 3,027,398 2 0.698 Ulaanbaatar
Taiwan 36,188 23,556,706 639 0.884 Taipei[37]
Major ethnic groups[edit]
Main articles: East Asians and Ethnic groups of East Asia
Ethnicity Native name Population Language(s) Writing system(s) Major
states/territories* Physical Appearance
Han/Chinese ?? or ??, ?? or ?? 1,220,000,000[38] Mandarin, Cantonese,
Shanghainese, Hokkien, Hakka, Gan, Hsiang, etc. Simplified Han characters,
Traditional Han characters China (Hong KongMacau) TaiwanJapanSouth Korea
Yellow and green hanfu.jpg
Yamato/Japanese ??? (?????)
???? (???????) 125,117,000[39] Japanese Han characters (Kanji), Katakana,
Hiragana Japan
Kimono lady at Gion, Kyoto.jpg
Joseon/Korean ??? (???)
??? (???) 79,432,225[40] Korean Hangul, Han characters (Hanja) South
KoreaNorth KoreaChinaJapan
KOCIS Korea Hanbok-AoDai FashionShow 43 (9766406474).jpg
Mongols ??????????/??????????
??????/??????? 8,942,528 Mongolian Mongol script, Cyrillic script
ChinaMongolia
Hamtdaa Mongolian Arts Culture Masks - 0064 (5568565844).jpg
Zhuang ??/Bouxcuengh 18,000,000[41] Zhuang, Cantonese, Southwestern
Mandarin, etc. Simplified Han characters, Latin script China
Zhuang's beautiful maiden in Chongzuo Fusui.jpg
Manchus ??/????? 10,422,873[42] Northeastern Mandarin, Manchurian
(endangered), etc. Simplified Han characters, Mongol script China
Manchu bride. John Thomson. China, 1871-1872. The Wellcome Collection, London.jpg
Hui ??/?? 10,586,087[43] Northwestern Mandarin, other Chinese Dialects, Huihui
language, etc. Simplified Han characters China
HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg
Uyghurs ?????? 10,069,346[44] Uyghur Arabic script,Latin
script(auxiliary)[45] China[46]
Khotan-mercado-gente-uigur-d01.jpg
Hmong/Miao Ghaob Xongb/Hmub/Mongb 9,426,007[47] Hmong, Southwestern Mandarin
Latin script, Simplified Han characters China
?????????(a Miao woman in Qiandongnan,Guizhou).jpg
Tibetans ?????? 6,500,000 Tibetan, Rgyal Rong, Rgu, etc. Tibetan
script China
People of Tibet46.jpg
Bai ?? 1,858,063 Bai, Southwestern Mandarin Latin script, Simplified Han
characters China
Bai 5.JPG
Yi ??/?? 8,714,393 Various Loloish, Southwestern Mandarin Yi script,
Simplified Han characters China
Ethnic Yi China Costume.jpg
Tujia ??? 8,353,912 Northern Tujia, Southern Tujia Simplified Han
characters China
Tujia women.jpg
Kam Gaeml 2,879,974 Gaeml Simplified Han characters, Latin script China
Ethic Dong Liping Guizhou China.jpg
Tu ??/Monguor 289,565 Tu, Northwestern Mandarin Simplified Han
characters China
Nadun Picture 1.jpg
Daur ????/????? 131,992 Daur, Northeastern Mandarin Mongol script,
Simplified Han characters ChinaMongolia
Daur woman smiling.jpg
Russians ??????? 15,393 Russian, Northwestern Mandarin Cyrillic
script, Simplified Han characters China
Three different nationalities on Kitaiskaia Street.JPG
Mountain Tajiks ????? 3,556 Sarikoli, Wakhi Arabic script China
Taiwanese Aborigines Pangcah, etc. 533,600 Austronesian languages (Amis,
Yami), etc. Latin script, Traditional Han characters Taiwan
Tao1.jpg
*Note: The order of states/territories follows the population ranking of each
ethnicity, within East Asia only.
Culture[edit]
Main article: East Asian cultural sphere
Overview[edit]
The culture of East Asia has largely been influenced by China, as it was the
civilization that had the most dominant influence in the region throughout the ages
that ultimately laid the foundation for East Asian civilization.[48] The vast
knowledge and ingenuity of Chinese civilization and the classics of Chinese
literature and culture were seen as the foundations for a civilized life in East
Asia. China served as a vehicle through which the adoption of Confucian ethical
philosophy, Chinese calendar system, political and legal systems, architectural
style, diet, terminology, institutions, religious beliefs, imperial examinations
that emphasized a knowledge of Chinese classics, political philosophy and culture,
as well as historically sharing a common writing system reflected in the histories
of Japan and Korea.[49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The Imperial Chinese tributary
system was the bedrock of network of trade and foreign relations between China and
its East Asian tributaries, which helped to shape much of East Asian affairs during
the ancient and medieval eras. Through the tributary system, the various dynasties
of Imperial China facilitated frequent economic and cultural exchange that
influenced the cultures of Japan and Korea and drew them into a Chinese
international order.[56][57] The Imperial Chinese tributary system shaped much of
East Asia's foreign policy and trade for over 2000 years due to Imperial China's
economic and cultural dominance over the region, and thus played a huge role in the
history of East Asia in particular.[58][59] The relationship between China and it's
cultural influence on East Asia has been compared to the historical influence of
Greco-Roman civilization on Europe and the Western World.[54][60][61][62]
Religions[edit]
Religion Native name Denomination Major book Type Est. Followers Major
ethnicities Major states/territories
Chinese religion none, various classifications including ????, ??/??, etc.
Taoism, Confucianism, folk salvationist sects, Wuism, Nuo Chinese classics,
Huangdi Sijing, precious scrolls, etc. Pantheism/polytheism ~900,000,000[63]
[64] Han, Hmong, Qiang, Tujia (worship of the same ancestor-gods) China (Hong
Kong Macau) Taiwan
Taoism ?? Zhengyi, Quanzhen Tao Te Ching Pantheism/polytheism
~20,000,000[64] Han, Zhuang, Hmong, Yao, Qiang, Tujia China (Hong Kong
Macau) Taiwan
Confucianism ?? Cheng-Zhu, Lu-Wang Four Books and Five Classics
Immanent transcendence/pantheism N/A Han, Joseon / Korean, Yamato etc.
China (Hong Kong Macau) Japan South Korea Taiwan
East Asian Buddhism ???? or ???? Mahayana Diamond Sutra Non-God
~300,000,000 Han, Joseon / Korean, Yamato, Manchus etc. China (Hong
Kong Macau) Japan South Korea Taiwan
Tibetan Buddhism ??????????????????? Mahayana Anuttarayoga Tantra Non-
God ~10,000,000 Tibetans, Manchus, Mongols, Han etc. China Mongolia
Shamanism[65] and Bon, etc ??? ?????? , ??? N/A N/A Polytheism/pantheism
N/A Tibetans, Manchus, Mongols, Oroqen, Han etc. China Mongolia
Shinto ?? Shinto sects Kojiki, Nihon Shoki Polytheism/pantheism
N/A Yamato Japan
Sindo/Muism ?? or ?? Sindo sects N/A Polytheism/pantheism N/A Joseon /
Korean South Korea
Festivals[edit]
Festival Native Name Other name Calendar Date Gregorian date Activity
Religious practices Food Major ethnicities Major states/territories
Chinese New Year ?? or ?? Spring Festival Chinese Month 1 Day 1 21
Jan�20 Feb Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, FireworksWorship the
King of Gods Jiaozi Han, Joseon, Manchus etc. China(Hong KongMacau)
North Korea South Korea Mongolia Taiwan
New Year ?? Yuan Dan Gregorian 1 Jan 1 Jan Fireworks N/A N/A N/A
China(Hong KongMacau) Japan North Korea South Korea Mongolia Taiwan
Losar or Tsagaan Sar ??????? or ?????? ??? White Moon Tibetan, Mongolian
Month 1 Day 1 25 Jan�2 Mar Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb
Sweeping, Fireworks N/A Chhaang or Buuz Tibetans, Mongols, Tu etc.
ChinaMongolia
Lantern Festival ??? or ??? Upper Yuan Festival (???) Chinese Month 1 Day
15 4 Feb�6 Mar Lanterns Expo, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Birthdate of the
God of Sky-officer Yuanxiao Han, Joseon, Yamato China(Hong KongMacau)
North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan*
Qingming Festival ??? or ??? Tomb Sweeping Day Solar 15th day since March equinox
4 Apr�6 April Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Burning Hell money
Cold Food Han, Joseon, Mongols China(Hong KongMacau) North Korea South
Korea Taiwan
Dragon Boat Festival ??? or ??? Duanwu Festival Chinese Month 5 Day 5
Driving poisons & plague away, Dragon Boat Race, Wearing colored lines,
Hanging felon herb on the front door. Worship various Gods Zongzi Han,
Joseon, Yamato China(Hong KongMacau) North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan*
Ghost Festival ??? or ??? Mid Yuan Festival Chinese Month 7 Day 15
Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Birthdate of the God of Earth-officer
Han, Joseon, Yamato China(Hong KongMacau) North Korea South Korea Japan
Taiwan*
Mid-Autumn Festival ??? or ??? ??? Chinese Month 8 Day 15 Family
Reunion, Enjoying Moon view Worship the Moon Goddess Mooncake Han, Joseon,
Yamato China(Hong KongMacau) North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan*
Double Ninth Festival ??? or ??? Double Positive Festival Chinese Month
9 Day 09 Climbing Mountain, Taking care of elderly, Wearing Cornus.
Worship various Gods Han, Joseon, Yamato China(Hong KongMacau)
North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan*
Lower Yuan Festival ??? or ??? N/A Chinese Month 10 Day 15
Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping Birthdate of the God of Water-officer
Ciba Han China(Hong KongMacau) North Korea South Korea Taiwan
Small New Year ?? Jizao (??) Chinese Month 12 Day 23 Cleaning
Houses Worship the God of Hearth tanggua Han, Mongols China(Hong
KongMacau) Mongolia Taiwan
International Labor Day N/A N/A Gregorian 1 May 1 May N/A N/A N/A N/A
China(Hong KongMacau) Mongolia Taiwan
International Women's Day N/A N/A Gregorian 8 Mar 8 Mar Taking care of
women N/A N/A N/A China(Hong KongMacau) North Korea Mongolia Taiwan
*Japan switched the date to the Gregorian calendar after the Meiji Restoration.
Collaboration[edit]
East Asian Youth Games[edit]
Formerly the East Asian Games is a multi-sport event organised by the East Asian
Games Association (EAGA) and held every four years since 2019 among athletes from
East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as well
as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic
Committees.
The East Asian Games is 1 of 5 Regional Games of the OCA. The others are the East
Asian Games, the Central Asian Games, the South Asian Games, the Southeast Asian
Games (SEA Games), and the West Asian Games. All nigh East Asian States/Territories
join this Game.
Tokyo is the largest city in the world, both in metropolitan population and
economy.
Seoul is the capital of South Korea, one of the largest cities in the world and a
leading global technology hub.
Taipei is the de facto capital of Taiwan (formally known as the Republic of China),
and is one of the world's leading technical centres in East Asia, and is the
location of the Taipei 101.
Hong Kong, enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, is one of the
world's leading global financial centres and is known as a cosmopolitan metropolis.
Ethnic groups
Han Joseon Mongols Yamato
Culture
Age reckoning Cinema Cultural sphere Languages Music industry Religion Sino-Xenic
pronunciations Surnames Han characters
Environment
Flora Monsoon Rainy season
Politics and economics
China�Japan�South Korea trilateral summit Comprehensive Economic Partnership for
East Asia East Asia Summit East Asian Community Ports
History
Archaeological cultures Former countries
Sports
East Asian Football Federation East Asian Games EAFF East Asian Championship East
Asian Judo Championships
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WorldCat Identities VIAF: 242096683 GND: 4075727-4
Categories: Northeast Asia
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