Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

Salient Features of Republic Act 10121

• Good governance through transparency and accountability

• Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM

• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter- agency, and community-based approach to

Disaster Risk Reduction

• Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) as
key partners in disaster risk reduction

• Integration of the DRRM into the educational system

• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (DRRMF) at the national and local levels

• Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state of calamity, remedial measures,

prohibited acts and penalties therefor.

Transforms and modernizes the Philippine disaster management system

• Repeals P.D. 1566

“Strengthening of the Philippine Disaster Control Capability and Establishing the National
Program on Community Disaster Preparedness”. June 11, 1978

Definition of Terms

• Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CBDRRM) 


- a process in which at risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis,
treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their
vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities

• Disaster -a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving

widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources

• Disaster Preparedness

- the knowledge and capacities to effectively 

anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard
events or conditions

• Disaster Prevention

- the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters

• Disaster Response

- the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a
disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the
basic subsistence needs of the people affected 

- Predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called
“disaster relief”

• Disaster Risk

- the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, 

livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society
over some specified future time period
 • Disaster Risk Reduction

- the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze
and manage the causal factors of disasters

• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management


- the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and
operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping
capacities to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster

• State of Calamity

- a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of
means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result
of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard

• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF)- provides for
the comprehensive, all hazards, multi- sectoral, inter-agency and community-based
approach to disaster risk reduction and management

• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP)- the document to be
formulated and implemented by the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) that sets out goals and
specific objectives for reducing disaster risks together with related actions to accomplish
these objectives

Scope

The Act provides for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and
measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management, including good
governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising,
reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and early recovery.

RA 10121 Update:

• The Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) for DRR defines a strategy that focuses on safety
and well-being enhancement that aims to increase capacity, reduce vulnerability and achieve
improved public safety and well- being and build resilience to disasters.

• The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change (NFSCC) and National Climate
Change Action Plan (NCCAP) define a roadmap for integrating climate change adaptation in
key affected sectors, and for integrating DRR and CCA.

• Passage of RA 10121 or the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 as the
legal and institutional basis for mainstreaming DRR in development at all levels.

• Efforts to familiarize the cluster coordination mechanism to different parts of the country
have been stepped up to contribute to local disaster preparedness.

• Manuals and training modules for different target groups are increasing in number and
quality is expected to improve from feedback with usage and knowledge building.

• A Strategic Plan to Integrate Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (SP-CBDRM)

for 2007-2011 was crafted as part of the Partnerships for Disaster Reduction in Southeast
Asia (PDRSEA).

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National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

The National Council

• Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND) – Chairperson

• Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

– Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness

• Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

– Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response

• Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

– Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

• Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

– Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Powers and Functions of NDRRMC

• advise the President on the status of disaster preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and
rehabilitation operations being undertaken by the government, civil society organizations, private
sector, and volunteers

• recommend to the President the declaration of a state of calamity in areas extensively damaged

• submit proposals to restore normalcy in the affected areas, to include calamity fund allocation

• establish a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide accurate and timely
advice to national or local emergency response organizations and to the general public through
diverse mass media

• agency tasked to prepare for, and respond to, natural calamities, and monitors human-induced
emergencies

• Being empowered with policy-making, coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and

evaluation functions, it has the responsibility of developing a NDRRMF which shall provide for a
comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to
disaster risk reduction and management.

• The Framework shall serve as the principal guide to disaster risk reduction and management
efforts in the country and shall be reviewed on a five-year interval, or as may be deemed
necessary, in order to ensure its relevance to the times.

Authority of NDRRMC Chairperson

• He may call upon other instrumentalities or entities of the government and nongovernment and
civic organizations for assistance in terms of the use of their facilities and resources for the
protection and preservation of life and properties in the whole range of disaster risk reduction and
management.

• This authority includes the power to call on the reserve force (citizen armed force) to assist in
relief and rescue during disasters and calamities.

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Office of the Civil Defense

Risk Assessment

• Enhancement of risk assessment

• development of assessment tools (Sec. 6(j))

• OCD and LDRRMOs are mandated to take the lead in risk assessment (Sec. 9(c); Sec. 12(c)(9))

• development of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and Geographic
Information System- based national risk map (Sec. 6(d))

Vulnerability Reduction

• addressing risks through a broad range of sectors via mainstreaming

• consistency of the physical framework, social, economic and environmental plans of LGUs with
the NDRRMP (Sec. 9(b))

• Review and evaluation by OCD of LDRRMP to facilitate integration of DRR measures into the
local CDP and CLUP (Sec. 9(e))

Disaster Preparedness

• Capability building

• Formulation of a national institutional capability building program for DRRM (Sec. 6(l))

• Establishment of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training institutes by the OCD
which shall train individuals on DRM and educate new elective officials and members of the
LDRRMCs (Sec. 9(i))

• Public awareness programs and activities of the LDRRMO

• Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education into the school curricula and Sangguniang
Kabataan (SK) Program and mandatory training for the public sector employees(Sec. 14)

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Disaster Response

Declaration/Lifting of a state of calamity (Sec.16)

1. By the President upon recommendation of the NDRRMC

2. By the local sanggunian within its locality upon recommendation of the LDRRMC

– Based on damage assessment and needs analysis

– The NDRRMC shall determine the criteria for the declaration and lifting of a state of calamity,
including epidemics (Rule 12, Sec. 3)

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Coordination during emergencies (Sec.15)

DRRMCs take the lead

1. BDC – if a barangay is affected

2. C/M DRRMC – if two (2) or more barangays are affected
3. PDRRMC – if two (2) or more cities/municipalities are affected

4. RDRRMC – if two (2) or more provinces are affected; and,

5. NDRRMC – if two (2) or more regions are affected.

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Disaster Response (post-disaster)

Remedial Measures (Sec. 17)

1. Imposition of price ceiling

2. Monitoring, prevention and control of overpricing /profiteering and hoarding

3. Programming/reprogramming of funds

4. Granting of no-interest loans by government financing or lending institutions

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Prohibitions (Sec. 19)

1. Dereliction of duties which leads to destruction, loss of lives, critical damage of facilities
and misuse of funds

2. Preventing the entry and distribution of relief goods in disaster-stricken areas, including
appropriate technology, tools, equipment, accessories, disaster teams/experts;

3. Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods, equipment
or other aid commodities which are intended for distribution to disaster affected
communities;

4. Diverting or misdelivery of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities to persons

other than the rightful recipient or consignee;

5. Misrepresenting the source of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities - covering,
replacing, defacing, repacking from original containers, and making false verbal claim to
make it appear that it came from another agency or persons.

6. Illegal solicitation, deliberate use of inflated data, tampering and stealing hazard
monitoring equipment.

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Penal Clause (Sec. 20)

Fine : PhP50,000 – PhP500,000

and/or

Imprisonment : 6 yrs and 1 day – 12 years

and

Confiscation or forfeiture of the objects or instrumentalities used in committing the act

If offender is a public officer - perpetual disqualification from public office