Fig. 9. Fig. 12. Table 7. Wig. 130. Fig. 130, Fig. 14. Bg, 15. Fig. 16. APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA CONTENTS Conversion factors <5 798 ‘Thermal conductivities of common material, os 795 ‘Thermal conductivities of metals . Se + 799 ‘Thermal conductivities of liquids . . + 800 ‘Thermal conductivities of gases and vapors. . . + 801 ‘Thermal conductivities of hydrocarbon liquids : 803 Specific Heatst Specific heats of metals . = 700 Specific heats of liquids - . 804 Specific heats of gases at 1 atm . + 805 Specific hests of hydrocarbon liquids + 808 Specific heats of hydrocarbon gases and vapors. + 807 Specific Gravitiest Specific gravities of metals... - Specific gravities of hydrocarbons. . Bguilibrium Data® Equilibrium constents for hydrocarbons... . 2. +... + - - 810 ‘Vapor pressures of hydrocarbons . . nanan Enthalpice and Latent Heats Enthalpies of pure hydrocarbons . . . 812 Enthalpies of light hydrocarbons . 813 Enthalpies of petroleum fractions. . B14 Latent heats of vaporization... . - 815 ‘Thermodynamic properties of steam... . + 816 Viscositiest Viscosity conversion chart... . 820 Visoosity correstion chat for gases « PIII DDD Doo. . 820 Viscosities of liquids. Denes : 823 Viscosities of gases and vapors. os. 0s ss = + 835 Values of B(¢u/#)¥ for hydrocarbons. . 826 \For aqueous and organic solutions see page 161 on in which ia given approximate formulas. 48e0 also Fig, 13.14. 71792 Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Big. 21. Fig, 22. Fig. 28, Fig. 24. Fig. 25. Fig. 27. Fig. 28. Fig. 29. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10, ‘Table 11. ‘Table 12. PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Temperature Difference Corrections! Caloric temperature factor... LMTD correction factors for 1-2 exchangers . . - - MTD correction factors for 2-4 exchangers MTD correction factors for 3-6 exchangers MTD correction factors for 4-8 exchangers MTD correction factors for 5-10 exchangers. MTD correction factors for 6-12 exchangers. Heat-transfer Data* ‘Tube-side heat-transfer curve... . ‘Tube-side water-heat-transfor eurve. . - ‘Tubeside fraction factors... . ‘Tube-side return-pressure losses. Shell-side heat-transier curve. Shell-side fraction factors. . Approximate overall heat-transfer coesicients, Layout Data ‘Dube-sheot layouts (tube counts) Heat-eichanger and condenser-tube data. ‘Steel-pipe dimensions (IPS). Fouling Factors Fouling factors. © 2 ee ee 4800 Index for corrections. 3Se0 Index for other data. + 888 g8e = 845APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA ‘Tasup 1. Convunsion Factons ano Constants Energy and power: Btu = 0.252 ke-cal Bou = 0.298 watt-hr Btu = 0.555 peu (pound centigrade unit) Buu = 778 ftlb Biu/min = 0.236 bp Hp = 424 Btu/min Hp = 88,000 ft-tb/min Hp = 0.7457 kw Hp-br = 2543 Btu Ew = 1.3415 hp Watt-hr = 3.415 Bou Fluid flow: Bbl/he = 0.0986 cfm Bbi/hr = 0.700 gpm Bol/day = 0.0292 gpm Bbl/day = 0.0089 ofm ‘fm = 10.686 bbI/hr Gpm = 1.429 bbl/br Gpm = 343 bbI/dey Gpm x s (specifi gravity) = 800 Xs lb/hr Heattransfer coeficients: Beu/ (hr) Gt) (7F) = 1.0 pou/thr)(ft9) (°C) Beu/(hr)(it?)(¢F) = 4.88 ky-cal/(h) (m*)(°O) Btu/(hr)({0)(7F) = 0,00204 watts/ (in) (%F) Length, area, and volume: Bbl = 42 gal Bol = 5.615 ft" Cm = 0.3937 in, Fe? = 0.1781 bbl Fe = 7.48 gal Fe = 0.0285 m* 6.290 bbl Mé = 35.314 ft" Fe = 90.48 om FY = 0.3048 m Gal = 0.02381 bb Gat = 0.1937 £1 Gal = 3.785 liter Gal = 0.8527 gal (Imperial) In, = 2.54 em ter = 0.2642 gel Liter = 1.0567 qt M = 3.281it Fit = 0.0929 m* M? = 10.76 08 793794 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Pressure: ‘Atm = 83.93 ft of water at 60°F ‘Atm = 29,92 in, Hg at 32°F ‘Ata = 760mm Hg at 32°F ‘Atm = 14.696 pai ‘Atm = 2116.8 Ib/tt? ‘Atm = 1.083 kg/em* Fe of water at 60°F = 0.4331 psi In, of water at 60°F = 0.0361 pai Kg/em? = 14.223 pai Pai = 2.309 Ft of water st 60°F Temperature: ‘Temperature °C = 56(°F ~ 32) ‘Temperature “F = 96(°C +92) ‘Temperature °F absolute ("R) = °F + 460 ‘Temperature °C absolute (°K) = °C + 278 ‘Thermal conductivity: Ben / (ar) G0) CR it) = 12 Beu/ tha) (ft*) CF in.) Btu /(ar)(ft*)(°F/ft) = 1.49 kg-cal /(hr) (mn?) (°C/m) ‘Btu/ (or) ft?)CE /it) = 0.0173 watts/(em*) (°C /om) Viscosity (additional factors are contained in Fig. 13): Poise = 1 g/(em)(se0) Centipoise = 0.01 poise Gontipoise = 2.42 lb/ft) ar) Weight: Lb = 0.4536 kg Lb = 7000 grains ‘Ton (chort or net) = 2000 Ib ‘Ton (ong) = 2240 Ib ‘Ton (metric) ='2206 Ib ‘Ton (metric) = 1000 ky Constants: Acceleration of gravity = 82.2 ft/sec ‘Acceleration of gravity = 4.18 X 10° ft/hrt Density of a cubic foot of water = 62.5 Ib/it*APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 795 ‘Tapue 2. Taenwa Coxpvomvirms or Some Burwoia axp Insviarnc. ‘Mareriais* & = Beu/(hr) (CF /tt) Material Aerogel, silica, opacified. Asbestos-cement boards... Asbestos sheets, Asbestos slate Asbestos. Aluminum foil, 7 air spaces por 2.5 in, Ashes, wood. Asphalt... . Boiler scale (ref. 364). Bricks ‘Alumina (92-99% AliOs by weight) fused ‘Alumina (64-65% Al,0s by weight) (Gee also Briéks, ie clay)..... Building brickwork... ‘Chrome brick (82%, Cr; )s by weight Diatomaceous earth, natural, across strata Distomaceous, natural, parallel to strata Diatomaceous earth, molded and fired. ... | Diatomaceous earth and clay, molded and fired .. Diatomaccous earth, high burn, large ores : fiend ‘Apparent density p, Toit at room temperature 8.5 120 55.5 12 112 20.8 20.3 36 36 36 36 43.5 48.5 0.2 1s) ‘ 5 gases pa 83 F 248 328 1600 399 1600 802 1832 cainGdGEREERNECEE BERBSBCRSa Bete eecoeerssocone BEB ee796 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tapsm 2, Tusnacat Conpucrivrrmes or Some Bumpixe ann Insvnarivc ‘Marenrazs.*— (Continued) “Apparent density Material oy Ib/tt F at room temperature Bricks: (Continued) Fire elay, Miseouri......6-.60000000005 sees 302 | 0.58 12) 0.85 1g32 | 0.95 2552 | 1,02 Kaolin insulating brick .... 27 gaz | 0.15 27 2102 | 0.26 Kaolin insulating firebrick ...6..6.60004,) 19 392 | 0.050 1 1400 | 0-113 Magnesite (808% MeO, 08% FoiOs, 3% CaO, 2.6% SiO; by weight) 158 ano | 2.2 158, 1202 | 1.6 158, 2192 | 11 Silicon carbide brick, recrystallized 129 uz | 10.7 129 17a | 9.2 129 1832 | 8.0 129 a2 | 7.0 129 2552 | 6.8 Calcium carbonate, natural... : 162 8 | 1.8 White marble. 17 Chalk... : -| 04 Geleiuim sulphate (41,0), artificial. io | 0.22 Plaster, artifical....... 167 | 0.43 Building, 7 | 0.25 ‘Cambrio, varnished. 100 | 0.09 Carbon, gas.....-. ao-212| 2.0 Cardboard, corrugated... sees | 0,087 Celluloid... soreeeteetesees 87.3. 86 | 0.12 Chereoal flakes... feos : 11.9 176 | 0.088 15 176 | 0.051 linker, granular: cee sees | 82-1292 0.27 Coke, petroleum... siete mz | 3.4 932 | 2.9 Coke, powdered. sees : cee | seme] 0.1L Concrete, cinder. sees cee : 0.20 1:4 dry. ceottetetteeeeeny 0.44 Stone. : : : cee | OBE Cotton wool. : peel 6 86 | 0.024 Cork board... se ec cee eeetesees 10 86 | 0.025 ‘Cork, ground. seers | 94 86 | 0.025 ‘Regranulated......-.... fee BL 86 | 0.026APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 797 Tapie 2, Tarnuat Conpvortviniss or Some Bumpine axp Insviarine ‘Marenzats.*—(Continued) ‘Apparent density Material, p, Ib/tt® °F ‘Diatomaceous earth powder, coarse 100 1600 Fine . 399 1600 Molded pipe covering ... 399 1600 4 vol. calcined earth and 1 vol. coment, ‘poured and fired : 61.8 399 61.8 | 1600 Dolomite. 167 122, Bhonite : “ . Enamel, silicate 38 Felt, wool 20.6 86 Fiber insulating board... 14.8 70 Fiber, red....... : 80.5 68 With binder, baked. ooo . | @8-207 Gas carbon. a : 32-212 Glas. . Boro-silicate type. " eee 139 Soda glass. . ‘Window glass. of Granite a ; Graphite, dense, commercial... a Powdered, through 100 mesh. . oof 30 104 Gypsum, molded and dry. EI) 7 | 8 Hair, felt, perpendicular to fibers. eee Ww 86 37.8 32 Infusorial earth (Gee Diatomaceous owt: ete veeseseteees 0.88 es | 0. on | 10 104 : Lo w% | 0. Slots 85 eeeneet ; uz : 70 Magnesium exe opr... ; 8 Marble. wees . . . reeskresseusossfonss Be citelosxgalsox eek H z “s Hocssessce Peekasssgs800 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Teove 4. Tazmuar Coxpucrvimnrs of Lrquins* = Beu/(hr)(teyCP At) ‘A linear variation with temperature may be assumed. ‘The extreme values given constitute also the temperature limits over which the data are recommended. — rr | 0.0 Br SRO (S-}..voveeveeee ee | 86 | 0.088 festacna oo. geet fiestanna 0. eee wee seers | 98 teetaaie é : oe 3 & i 2 tise a pan ropa eas oP won, Ccatenm chloide bine 30%. Carbon disulphide. ‘Totraehloride Gdorobonsene ototorme ns Gymene (pare). BERESSESSIRE SERS" B2 AETHER BE BIRRSU SHES SURERERGRR TIRRSSRRee SRRINGR SARSERES SREY: Deca (0) os! ‘ 140 . ‘| 8 Perchloroetigen. i at Dichloroethano. i Petroleum other Binet. 3 Prope alah). s lobo eo) & om ecceeoef a2 I 2/8 BE [eoaoe wisn wccagon. | [Sat | 8:23¢ | sa choi ne 8 ss brine 8%: 38 | cae 8 8 | 8.bren ie | oa 8 8/88 ‘se 8/838 ae | Suit 1 | sit a a | 0.088 ‘S 1 | Suet ig | 8te 88 e a | 0.108, 3 2 2B | oe Haplane (= ss a s 3 Herne (oecceceeecscee cee 90 ia 8 Tiga Fogg, hh, “Chama Raginer’ Hancboak™ ado Mors ll Book Comps, Tat Now YorAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA ‘Tame 5, Tuerman Conpucriverins o7 Gases axp arom: k= Btu/(hr) (4) (°F /ft) 801 ‘The extreme temperature values given constitute the experimental range. For extrapolation to other temperatures, it is suggested that the date given be plotted as Jog & vs. log T or that use be made of the assutmption that the ratio ou/k is practically independent of temperature (or of pressure, within moderate limits). Substance Acetone. Acetylene. Disulphide ‘Monoxide, ‘Tetrachloride. Chlorine. Chloroform, Cyelohexane. Dishlorodiduoromethane... Hydrogen and carbon 0.0048 0.008% 0.0080 0.0097 0.0086 0.00865 0.0108 0.0175 9.0072 0.0008, 0.0141 0.0089 0.0128 0.0055 0.00085 0.0135 0.0182 0.0077 0.0090 0.0181 0.0189 ° ° ° 6 6 004 ‘ora ore802 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Taste 5. Treat Conpvorivintes or Gases ano Varons.¢—(Continued) sintane lo Hoiops tod ato ad oun a oad cou aE sg o-ms a: Bone Beene Be ents sr aaa 2 suse oa 3) oer widoe cinie ous a oct : ° wees : F B of oom 9 scons 5 scons Mota ett ¢ ame fl oo ir tate os eae ome sists nate 8 Neate dines] 3 0.040 oes ie ae Bee eter cine] se 000 ten eee] “tg ON pene 13) ose eye | sao memes | 413) 0.0005 1933) 0.0441 ‘Chemical Hagineers’ Handbook,” 3d od, MoGraw-Hill Book Company, Tne,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 803 0.10 8 g 8 ‘Thermal conductivity k,Btu/hr (Ft)? (°F/t) 008 ° 0 200 300 Temperature, 1a, 1. Thermal conductivities of hydrooarbonliquide. (Adspted,rom Nall Bur. Standarde Mise. Pub. 97.) "400 5007 00 F804 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER heats Bhu/{tb31009-F.) 400: ASK win! (-BERBVSSRTOLL » ound lSSISTAVVGF| 300: fisrouthon Bicnloremethone Bionenyt Dipnenyimethane Biphenyl Oxide Bowtherm 200 Ehsaaoer avbhecese B18 Tauia Range bape] 100 Tiguid Freoa-ifCcisF) ati) “2UGHEIED cr ed ae * Hyer eerie Baie isopropy! Alcohol scree Hacin Grisrse ieee fees es 7 reas 8 Water on 13 Polere She te] + Pore Som RRESS ASE EOE: = 0 O80 10.2. Specific heats of liquids, (Chilton, Colburn, and Vernon, based mainly on data from International Critical Tables, Perry, "Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” 8d ed., McGraw- Hil Book Company, Inc., New York, 1950.)APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 805 — ; ° 30 ¢ Eso scp n-on 1014 E10 te fos ' er 5 3 i ir os é g o 2 : E | 3 os 3 ; i & 170) Fo? ? i 3 3 E g | we 4 Los eds cx ES, alee Eso ; Ecer ine E wae FE oes Fio. 8. Specific heats of gases at 1 atm, (Perry, "Chemical Engineers’ Handbook," Sed, ‘McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1850.)806 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘900 ‘800 Som 2 rvs won! Him soos oa worava ROUSE [loleom and Brown, Tid. Eng, Chem., 94, 805 (1942),] i : S & g a 2 d i i 3 3 i i i S é 3 (3e)(87)/ 018 LV3H 914193dS_ 88 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA toy SSPEIIC HEAT OF HYDROCARGON VAPORS ATONE ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE as] Be RRC ree 8] | as} Cp BTU / (LB) (¢F) oa) oa] a3 ‘200 ° 200, ‘400 (@00 200 1000 ‘TEMPERATURE °F Fro. 5, Specific heats of hydrocarbon vapors st 1 atm. [Holcomb and Brown, Ind. Eng. ‘Cham, 84, 505 (3942).]808 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Tantn 6. Sprott Gravermes anp Mouecutan Weranns or Liquios Compound Acetaldebyde ‘Acetie seid, 100%. Giver 005 : a eer ‘int aha fe tose. rani 100% ti] piferane ‘Xnmonin 2020 23 eopeon scot ‘Aosta. cron 30 eenn 3005, | a Mesaanl, 90% : $0] Matane lowcost ie Meta act col Bensne 8s Many bn, Bann Cain 357, 5] Mat ati inion Bene Scab. So Neptilenee errs Brootalune ori, te al 950 Prometshenn ma {3 Site eal 0 Brometalene, po “hy Nroobesee, Din a Nicene, cb, Sinton tc] Nitta ta, Dap asta pub) aaa F| Fin atone a But ail r : Tinorae 2 maa] oe aren die = ber] Sor Caton Sais 35 Phnphras tone, aoa] as Carbon tern, “t] Pheaphorntetlore, tea | Sar Gioroensse ‘sy ee 1 | oa Shion ca mt oan lloras ai Fi fo.1| 030 Gloreatine, ob, “troy bcos wma] 38 Ssiowtatase na (7 Prop bert m3 | om Gtlorettann pare or Prope woo| tr Grea ete 09} Sota. m0 | or Graton 19] Soa oi, vre| ae ‘Silom meine. De Sicaie ce, 33 Diklore otase fr ula done 3a Dichlore tetera 34] sue ati re] Distt ona 0a Sulu act os se Binet oate tl sutui aal,cos 0 Dipcent | Suter hire or Dipowt nat a ete hort ‘a0 Pubtnettee rs ‘a Buy tobe 7 a Eyl aloha be a at Eiylalobal 40m. 5) ‘o Eliya : a8 Esty! tron, “a Wate ‘3 iy blr ar Balser + Bay formate 2 ean pam ae At approsimataly 65°F, Those values will be satisfectory, without extrapolation, for most engi- neering problems.APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 809 : sar Seema rt Ey TE Data from Kansas City Test. Lob. Bulietin E peer ene sarees oe tH pros ken Mien ea cee HERPES aos 3 gor 3 Gos oe we ee 0), ‘eo ‘Temperature,*F id Fro, 6. Specific gravities of hydrocarbons.PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 810 svena-n supe sai ‘sqo"urbs 38 8 Shay "Sinssang Ind, Bug, Chem, Fua. 7. Equilibrium constants for hydrocarbons, [Scheibel aid Jonny, 87, 81 (1945).]APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 811 qe "ty bs/ a 2nd Jodo 7b Ny Ww B 2 eenirt T 500. z 400_ 480 4 s 300__ 350 ee 4 00 Temperature Tia. 8. Vapor pressures ‘BOILING POINT, LINES OF CONSTANT ATMOSPHERIC. eee 8 ge ane # Re es ees 1009 6 600] '9qo" uy baa ‘2anssaudscdon812 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Enthaiy of oe, ul Enthal tale, abzcrbad ses, sie Foca! point efor quid enthalpy we. ¢ : 00 & 0 3 " Pressure, Ib/sa mobs. gg 338 s Fro, 9. Enthalpies of pure hydrocarbons. {Scheibel and Jenny, Ind. Bng. Chem., 97, 992 (1945).APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 813 ‘Average molest weight of mixture 9-0-9 6 1 $0 90 100 1D 2) 69-40 Dato enthalpy of tiguid af -200"F gas = Brule g 2 go 3200 3 Feo nemtaewee $ 2 omen Fe Ew o i 0 fe fe “2 bof ‘ i z ®@ é Pressure, Ib/sa nabs. 8 Pverage melecslar ‘weight of vapor Fro, 10. Enthalpies of light hydrocarbons. [Scheibel and Jenny, Ind. Eng. Chem, 31, 995 (1945).]PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 814 7100 E-s0 Eo E so 00 Eso Eeso E300 _, sefoamosada, 2.2 38 Li8 8.8 9 8 3S 4) 45 $9 5560 6590 Degrees, A PI gravity (Scheibel and Jenny, Ind. Eng. Chem., $7, Enthalpies of petroloum fractions. fra. 11. 994 (1945),]| ‘sqh “ur bs/qh"asnseaxAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 815 5 cave [2 BaP |e . ol hee oe ae [sala fc 0 Re ie te eee Fe 1300 | Amy. alcchal (iso ses. 2-312 094] 100 =| feet el E rc eA Eo ‘000 2.0] 98 ‘m0 ale E Sy Hass ena gen les 500 Butyl aeanol feet) 3.3145] Ee 700 7 [estan dese faze pe tif ss|a E ooo farsi fee See fs ere He es 0 | See Re Rests 3 Si ef came | 240.8 Josie Ey 0 | EI 4 [eben ei el ae a 5 ete | = Be 78 lrteaten 4 160 J |streen scctarn 8 }73| He ule ay se 130] fireeneteateeeie) 3SHe3] ete SS vo [ect ag Eran ale mo psy ee oo | Nie as 1 TN rst Hl sina. au 3 ieee Ig) oop | ees, 1 x ae tg Et «4 JA Ea 3 le Eso af Fo * ae Etvoo a 18 Eco {arse or wor at 207, teteT01-20+495 and he E100 os Intent heat per tb is 9708 ® “1600 Fro, 12, Latent heats of vaporisation, (eproduced by permission af Chilton, Colburn, ond Vernon, pereonal communication (revised) 1987.)816 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tamm 7, Tasexonyxaute Provarrms or Srna Dry saturated steam: pressure table* Specie volume | Eatbalpy Eatrony ent Evep ue » Tae ; z z Te zr eas £3 eur : 004 ‘. 15820 «9 H Sees ue 1 E208! 50 pa 2 el gos iis is ee 2 taba & 53 a h soe eer ° R: 3 t: ovbiraa, Free i louse! 7 ars h ores B:858 f Loire 6:308 r ears Sale t Ooty a8 lpowren) 5.308 :oires) Geir! 4 t i 2 : 3 3 3 2 3 z 2 i Ls hao ao. saa Tig Hoe a) en Ecdgaoliar'2 | Fer-altaot 603 ocean 1208: oceut| 9.s4a4) 11208 80. 8: Foal $8 daos.| 9:fomnaat's | 720-9108 30 Scaane } 9cdsseaot'e | Zop"r|taut 20 aks [caaor | Sce0ea 00:8 | ato: 2|1300,00: x o-aa00 | 0-5ea7s09°z | exs’olt108, 00 08:8 Scaaie | ScSsarone’s | gre-altter 40° eS Scazi2 | 9:Seonaze'e | eae: s|tt09 40° es oad | Ocdrerlpat | goo's/t108'2 07563 ios Jo:0aie | 0-446 4/Hb1- 807400 sss: lo'oa90 | o°aom 4 a7 slo 7a76 sso.9 10888 | 8:Aer Pear edt ise: [esa | 8: Sata Si tire 07a ti: I:osai | 8°sbua 43407909 tae? J:aess | 8:3r03 3 ftar 980s: ao: lo.o2er | 0 18% ala99: foam. asa Geer | 0°180e 5 toa 188138 fs al0-toes | Oana 810 gocerat Habe 2178} 1020: )0: 9731/0: ‘0-902-711-0580 bridaed ““Thormodygarale Properties of Steam" by Joseph H. ‘oh Wg" Sone, Tos Now ork 10g ¥ iB 3206.21708. 40 a iz la les Koenan and Frederik G. Keyes,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 817 Tasue 7, Tazmuoprnanic Prorsarms or Srean.—(Continued) Dry saturated steam: temperature table* [Seas volume Bathaloy Batony ee Evap, vapor! * «| t bts Bit) ae Bidar] fide) B13eq) 9.356 |o ove! 1208.9 obs) oo Bist 0 Gieny sere 288] 8:thos (:o1ecs ees? 2 Bed 8:ete2 (01619 se3-0 goat 30 S52 [o:bie1s Sa0-8 Jo: 1305: sso]: 0, 100 1.274 [oon] 2663, b-2eztt aioe: gorz| 1x0 1G [oSie0) 208-85 Hae 1 Faget Sg) Hae 2823 |p Sieae der 38 18) ie a-Saee (PGlegs) tee te saps 8 S78" [oblast “38-08 hbase ado 47 ote] rear | az.ae [zr.aalooe sts) 160 SU Wola) GS) ge ist: ao aes 1238) ie ERS Biotest] so:2t | ao: [ets ae| aon: Sg] is8 SER BBlen| Gat | $0.G6 [er Be See 38) 180 A283 [Boteos| 38.88. | 38.82 sr) Sr Fra] deo zm | ze |zs.05 or 17500 220 Be | BS [ey oo i Fae ait 2.8 | BB lss.18 aos Horace 38 fede | dee [8 2) 8 frase 330 16.300 | 16:58 [08.34] 952 frie 340 wae] sa.9er asl os eso aso Hes tase Bas Hee) 30 Toot | 19:05 p38-84| 681 oe a8 s.a85 | ‘sees ace on gee Goel 8 Ea 30:81) iF oa 88 6.49 leo so) o10 1-190] -5a5| 300 5a Bsa ue fea eis Se ie i029 aoe Higeatssiie a0 ie 0-08 Sat Hisss-cwe S30 a 18) &0 oesai"Se05| S40 aR 0 -ozealt.sras| a0 8 agra Sees Sep 28 Fs esigeertceare aay es a5) gee des earl gap 3, feist, 8a6 f-tsey shea a0 Lae bzs.o7| axe seealo oe 0 10 Bes se 326 338 cy a8 Festi Beer Soe ee He 01810 1: ton Hort) Te s Sat-6 coos) Erg ir89) 785- we ge ooise| aera ao. | 274 “ 8 Bele | oes Hae | Fea Fd er oies | ocean 28 | 7313 se dee (B.ca00 | 0-773 edd | Za0-4 05°7) eas s at pccene | 8:72 78:0 | 73082020): er6s So eso. gene | o-esu ler g | 719-9]:200 zo. 0 Sei pias | o:eies Itt3 | Geb 4:t95-2)7i80 = fee Wits | o-est ine @ | fa0-@ 199°2). Fare se hiss-t oat | o:Seer) o'Seeslne 2 Gay 3:180 3): reai fisse-6 [o-oa98 | O-206o] O-ani7oe8-9 Seb-dct77.a):te72 3 hsi2.9 |o.0rs6 | 0-242] 0 aeseloizo| sis stats sp. si210.01701.sa07| aap lese loaner | Siege) S-S8GIE'? | S086 1160 Sp sa0e: dara saga| eae Bose? oogea | Gcisse| d-1zadlers.g | S52'01150 eo: goro9 ft # fea’ (bare Bi dles] 0: 14494 i4°3 | doo:3] los 40-spaio.aeeat-air) Sep frost Scobie) ATIGHEe S| San: 8] tbr: Ssafocartt-ari] 680 on [aor [o.0a09 | oan] o.o7stlsna.2 | 172.1] 995-0. 90050. 24841980) 00 bs 06-3 (GSS | OSL 8 stesbna e761 soa: F ose) ios % Abtdged from ""Thersodyagmie Properties of Steam” by Jowph H. Keenan and Frederick @. Keyes, John Wiley & Sony ina, New YorTen Properties of superheated steam* PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Tasmuoprvanc Propanries oF Sinan.—(Coritinued) ‘Tame 7. 818 i isBa 08a ae oe Sel Grd 3c Sea £50 hee See See 858 3g8 Ege Sai da PeGh SES O85 o8 S58 5 = ‘= Bat 838 2gil AE WEL ORE ORS 8B ane Rae saa 4 4 254 S05 S50 S08 opt 8 a SE EES EEE eR eae ound Sol Sel Sl cates Ud dsc Ee Eee Sceaar sad EROS dad PETE Re ei ee Slte! eet cel cal sz4 age fae Sgt S58 2502, NEAT os Pes) 8 2.8 se 0a aGt| Pe leu Siig gd ue EUS Sees le ee Et RITE ETE Tail Be feb) OPT aiRIETE uty ; : : i i nit! Absit fon, * Toermadynamie Properties of Seam,” by Jove Hanan and Frederik G. Keyes, John Wiley ‘eho Inn, Now Yor, UTAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 819 Tame 7, Taemmoprxsane Prorennies or Sreas.—(Continued) Properties of superheated steam* i a i Haat 1061 eos. 2801, eb 1 oot salsa aust aaah aress salt eos as sto, ial alan rade olin tsa) S561-oo1}-osi|L-cio|.eniet-enish-s7 loool cst 1-orft ooo asa asl 1789} sats % ian 9e 130 1na 130, aa ice ol 4a, o if Iota. s5sa0] ort bo[, fain o082I-esel. 200|. 705 asin 0,87, aoe, ooas onal oa. oraas 1st sos|- aver. aong)1 sa] 2.0% 7 gel fon 818.2 Li a9 Wig 7 ea. 6067805 736 31830.0 0 bah, aba. coo rba]L. 707.702 aa] ase ‘a4 1.109 i as. ta es) eb] fo, s7s 0, vse ogra] zoel salt. sate 8.6 iiss alts i: [levilt-e7a ae) asi0 ‘ fe isn afta hie ies aul 00 fe 165 Suna se ssn tnt oferta tae 9 see2 ptr fasta czr] sont soi sva- seer tsi. a asazo esac. sr). ono steno eal rss, a7 fies issn tn ln 7 te iow aleve stone 116 ee 8 ei arian ao ai. 719 bo-sis0-«229 cao rox fstve ofan alto Rasa ise ate des] i css ni “Jost, sale seo- asa, sor. ono_ «74 sat. asl, rs gar abme iva in tzu eso 1881 igh. [tom ato anda ia ai Lato. 10a ss. soos sua) so 3176 cad, 4ts0 tar cog 00 lis eatva ina fen j.e 1s [d05 sae of te 8 otto aaa aa sta asba onal im. 20725 oan 3950, 0g 00, nite] eons coiitoy ee es o'a61 ere 200 Rises hide se rao ees 200 sas sty hen ore Horas] bain oot 168 soa) sro 98 : ibe ae otra os) Bevin esi 108) able zor a1 | see Siena tats seis iene to aia) 2519-208 pega tiah ctor Iosir| tet 7 Absa frm “Therpedvaace Propartc of Steam,” by Jnepa H. Keoan and PreerckC, Keyes, Jake Wily & ont ety Ham York, 18Te820 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER miguen oroHes He ee TT Tm These cunves ant onawn to ri7 tHe rouownal PAT sata ctl age at Fon Exraouaron > BRmpEr Univemen pow mac wre t ‘et ay ees ae : TINY [ES SINS NR cv sowcr runs. "i arb 04r4 mo Nat see. wien te 8 ED. 2 namcoo no» essere wN oe TO 6 th neoygoo tt tenet Wo + TE ‘eneware ecoum.comstoes « t 7a Viscosity ratio Fy 1 O) 02 03 04 06 Os 0 tyes” ow Reduced pressure, pp Bersiat Fra, 138, Viscosity correction chart for gases af differeut pressures, [Comings and Bola, Ind, Eng. Chet, $2, 715 (1940).]APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Viscosrrims or Pemnoueuu Fractions For temperature ranges employed in the text Coordinates to be used with Fig. 14 x ¥ T6°APL natural gasoline wa | 64 56°API gasoline. =] 140 | 10's 42°API Kerosene 6 | 16.0 S5°APL divillaze: =| 10:0. | 20:0 BA°APT mid-continent crude tos | 21.3 2B°APT gas oi eereeee 10.0 23.6 Acid Sp gr, No. | are | * | ¥ Almond. 2.85 | 0.08 | 6.9 | 28,2 Goconst o.1 | 0.9225 | 5.9 | 26.0 Cod liver .. | ogiss | 7.7 | 377 Cottonseed. 14.24 | 0.9187 7.0 28.0 Tard... so | oss | 7.0 | 28.2 Linseed. 3.42 | 0.97 | 68 | 27.5 Mustard -. | 0.027 | 70 | 28.8 Nevisfoot 13.35 | 0.9158 | 6.5 | 28.0 Olive... vo | 0.0188 | 6.6 | 28.8 Palm kernel 9.0 | 0.919 | 70 | 26.9 Posila, aw 136 | 0.007 8.1 | 272 Rapeseed... 0.34 0.9114 7.0 28.8 Sardine. o.s7 | ose | 7.7 | ore Soybean 3.50 0.9228 8.3 27.6 Sperm... 0.80 | 0.8820 | 7.7 | 26.8 Sunflower... 2.76 | oso | 75} 276 821 * bared on data at 100 and 210°F of A. R. Resoorin and F, 5. Catuabn, Ind. Brg. Cher, 98, 3212- 1213 (1936). ‘Viscosmms or Commenciat Farry Actos" 250 to 400°F ‘From data of D. Q. Herm and W. Von Nostrand, Ind. Eng. Cheri At, 3209 (040).822 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Viscosrrius ov Liquips* Coordinates to be used with Fig. M4 ad z]y Tae ar aad Keetaldehyde — eae Ba 78 cid, 16092. hala 7:9) 4:7 eid, 70% 915/17. 1ac5)t 4 Rect enkydeide S272: i4'6| 8.3 ‘Acetone, 100% 4:5} 7: 2.0)30.0 ‘Acetone, 35% y7ghs: 6:9}19:6 ‘Ally! alcohol. i0:2)14: laga) 8.4 ‘Ammonia, 160% 12-6] 2. 4:7 7:0 ‘Ammonia, 26% 10.1113. 3:0)16.6 ‘Amyl acetate ‘ga. 7.1)18.0 ‘AmylLalcohol LOPES aisobsrre cid n2.afig.4 Aniline 8.1/18. 7[lsopropy! alcohol... . 11") 8:2]16.0 ‘Anisole 12:3|13.5)Mercury..._- SEL is‘a}ie 4 ‘Arsenio trichloride [[i8:9]14 s]Mothanol, 100%... 24/105 Benzene, i12:5]10:9|Methanol, 909%... heals Brine, CaGi,, Be 6.6)15:9|Methanol, 40%. Lr 'si5:5 Brine, NaCl, jto'2}16-e)Methyt aéetate. 2! ‘hae 8:2 Bromine... ‘]14-213-2lMethy! chloride. 1 Jis-0) 38 Bromotoiueae’ 120-0|15.9]Methy! ethyl ketone 13-9] 8.6 n-Butane, ‘]i5:3) 8:3INaphihalene....... | e-9s-1 Isobutane... 45] 8. 71Nitnie acid, 959 SU hg'shs's Butyl acetate. {/i2'B IL OfNitrie acid, 60%... ho:sli7:0 Batyl eleohol. 8.6)17.Nitrobenzene... ho-él16.2 Butyrie acid ‘}12:115:3)Nitrotoluene. hz-ol17-0 Carbon dioxide. {]1125) 0°3}0ctane. . : H8:7110:0 Carbon disulfide. {]1622)_7:5}octy? alzai. | scean'1 Garbon tetrachloride 2-738: Pentachoroetiane 0: 9)17:3 Chlorobenzene ‘hi2'3 12‘4)Pentane......... Shta's) 5:2 Chloroform 114:4]10. Phenol. I] 6'9)20'3 Ghlorosulfonis acid ‘|iL:248:a]Phosphorus éribiomide’.! 1 ‘)13:8)16.7 Ghlorotoluene, ortho {Phosphorus trichloride.“ '|16.2]10:9 Chlorotaluene, meta. {Propane 35.3] 1.0 Chlorotoluene, pare. [Propionic acid. 12:8|13.8 Gresol, meta, §}Propyl alcohol : 9.1[16.5 Cyclotexano! 3}Propy! bromide 4:5] 9:6 Dibromocthane. IPropyl chloride. 441 7.5 Dichloroethane Propy! iodide i411 6 Dichlorometbane sodium, 16.4113: Diethyl oxalate. Sodium 3.2)25.8 Dimethyt oxalate Siannie chloride. 13 .5)12:8 Dipheoy! sulfur dioxide... SB 2) 7 “Asari wei 110%. ara Bib alfurio acid) 98%. pes Wehyl aleohol, 100%. sulfuric acid, 60%. 22.2... jug. 2ia1 3 Bithyl aleohel, 95%. Ifuryl chloride 5. 2)12:4 Eyl alcohol, 40% “| GB ue Gfbetrachtrostiane 000-0 fr gis-7 Ethyl bensene. 13:2|11.5{Tetrachloroethylens. fa gii2'7 Ethyl bromide 14:5] 8:1} Titanium tetrachloride 4.41.3 Ethyl chloride 1H4's) 6:0fToluene. ins "tho!a Ethyl ether... ‘hia's) 5:altrichloroethyiene.....2.... 4148 10.5, Ethyl formate, i142] 8.4} Turpentine 11.5j14°9 Bthyl iodide. Uha7}0‘a]Vingl seetate 2000000009) 8.8 Ethylene glycol 6.0123. 6]Water.... SL to“a3:0 Formic seid. }10:7115:slXylene, ortho. 13. 5)12.1 Proon-ld. 000001. “eg 8-0 viene, mets 13.9}10.6 reon-12. 1 : 16:8] 5.6/Xylene, para... N18. 9)10.9 '* From Porry, J. H,, “Chemieal Bngineers’ Handbook,” 3d od, MoGrew-Hl Book Company, Tac., [New York, 1053,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 823, Viscosity Centipcises 190 30, 20 70 60 50 160 +} 320 F 40 o t3" 180 “F300 309 E- so ao T 380 E 270 30 Tuo E 20 120 280 E 240 10 L a30 220 9 wool 10 2 e L200 90h 190, 7 6 9 Jf 0 20 5 170 10 + 160 4 180 0 + 140 . 80 50 + 120 2 10 ao J } 100 sof % 1 + 20 09 8 zp 7 o7 60 os wo + 50 os 40. on 20 os 20 sot 0 02 Lo -20 4 +10 oe 6 6 0 2 4 6 1 20 x 30 + -20 L ot 19. 14. Visoosities of liquide. (Perry, “Chemtcal Engineers’ Handbook,” 8d od., McCraw ‘Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1950.)824 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Viscosimtss or Gasns* Coordinates to be used with Fig. 15 M “ Gas esti aed | ‘Asotone. 0000002200201 ; Acetylene. Rina Ban Benzene. Bromine Butene Butylene Gexbon dioxide” Garbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Chlorine. : Chloroform | Cyanogen. Gyelohexanis Ethane... Ethyl acetate. Buby alcohol. ethyl chloride Eby! other. Etyylene: luorine Freon-li Freon-12. Freon-21 Freon-22 Freon-113. Helium. 16:0 Jenasessonetesmome! WeDo nmvvaSendraxneanwnnnNesoonckonar cmon omomoomorinmSSnoncwoommthn’d! mouanennoonone: Bydrogen bromide ‘Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide. Hydrogen iodide. Hydrogen sulfide Todine..-... ‘Methyl aleohol | Nitric oxide Nitrogen. itzosvl obi Propane Propyl alcoho Propylene. Sulfur dioxide. : 3.93 sigan iter Ct + From Perry, J. New York, 1096.APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 825 Temperature Viscosity Deg.C. Deg Cenfipoises -100 aul 0.09 “100 0.08 0.07 006 ° ° 0.05 00 os 100 70° 0.08 300 200 = 400 0.02 500 300 69 700 400 800 900 500 1000 gos 600 4100 1200 0.008 700 1300 0.007 0 1400 80 1500 0246 6 02 4 6 B 1600 x 0.006 700 1700 5 1000 1800 00 Pie. 15. Visoosities of gases. (Perry, Chemical Engineers’ Handbook," 2d ed., McGraw- Hill Book Company, Ine., New York, 1960.)PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 826 ‘stoqr¥ooupAy 0} 54(9/M9)4 JO-SOMIEA “OY “DE sesjodyua*hus09siq oe m2 9s paar ot 80, 30.50 yo £020 £0 ogg eee a 0 ee & E : 00 TOE - i tiie tes to @ ci827 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Corot “HOA MN “Po Pe ‘uoyMBONY sLampofmUDyE BOUDYIEAT LOMONT, fo pP:OPLNIS) ~y AOPDEJ eMPEIEAOA BEOTOO O4T, “ZL-OR volt * z on s-0 20 10 s0r0 20-9 zo wo (9 408 41919144303 TKO —%9 9g ov09 10019128309 TITLE — > munuvagawat cms 3OVuIAYPROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 828 Corer Hex my “po PG ‘uoyooorsy eissnz>nfnun HE .vOuoyDeR| LOIRgr.s fo epempUBTE) “sIOBUNYOXS GT OF BIO}OR KOHO:ION CIWT “ST "LL yah ae ayes pe SASSVd BENL SYOWAOT —SSvd TISHS | 44'Y019v4 NOIL93YYOD O1W7 8 oO 60 80 20 90 go ¥0. £0, 20 19, °¢0 hy a 3 @ wolovd SovStassia aenuvesaHal on829 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA o Corer "104 9K “PPG NojMBONY eaNEMpUO;E wOLOYEAT LIAN, fo sParpUE|S) “sBUEGEXD Fz HOF HOIORS WORDATIOD GENT “OF “OAL SASSVd FANL SYOW YO SASSVd TISHS +4‘y0.10Ws_NOIL93YYOD GWT 60 0 20, go so vo go 20 10 69 ws 5 3 @ woxo¥s SONTEaEaTO aUuvezaNa! 2PROGESS HEAT TRANSFER 830 Cover ‘ued en “pa pe ‘uonewonry sainpofnunye HOumpze soingny Jo sprmpunyg) “STeBKEGPXS 4-2 30} SIO}9BF WoHDeIO CLT “0G PHL SASSVd 3GNL FYOWYOD = S3SSvd TIS < 43*yo10v4 NOILO3HHOO G1W1 4 Ss 3, awa ‘by @ & 3 3 a 3 wOLOWs BONIWASAIG TUNLWE831 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Corer 04 994 “po pz ‘woxmoovey swoimpefnunzy sodunyeag senan,; fo spanpunjg) “SIeBTOYOX® GF TOF S10}9EF WONTONIOD LWT SASSVd FANL BAOW AOS sassvd TISHS 7 +4°4OL0V3 NOILO3YYOD O1W1 s on 60 a0 zo 90 so 7) £0 zo 10 11g OME ° Sty 2 S 3 134410 BUNLVESINSL 3 WOLO¥E ZONRY: oCorer “0x aon “72 pe ‘uoyooosey swempofnuoyy ebuoyersT Loman fo spimpung) “SIABuUYOXD OT-g 30} S1O}ORS WOHOAHO GUT WS “ML Syety Qo Hass | Ehe SASSVd JGNL FYOW YOO! sassvd WHS S +3°4019v3 NOIL93YNOO G1WI s 8 ot 60 80 zo 90 so vo. £0 zo 1 260 2 : & - a 90% = & S 3 & $ é zod a 2 § & g ool g & im z ee a 8 g833 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Cover “04 99N Spe PG ‘woRDDOSSY eoinpojrUoy wOuOYEET sO/GNE fo spAmpun|g) -sIeRUVYORD GI-9 405 IO}ORG WOHOEHION CLINT "ee “OL S3SSvd 3GNL JAOW AT +4'Wo19V4_NOIL93NNOO OLN A s so vo ) zo to OL 60 80 £0 90 {a t > sv; Sassvd TIBHS 9 Ss°0 S, ‘os ‘ @ 3 3 BOLO BONTNSAIIG TVNLVUAINAL 3PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 834 coment tt (og pus wperg moss pextopy) “sasno s9jsuesy-y90y OPIN], “2 “OLS Bea 2 cuuers: > ¢ 2 metss » ¢ ow coca Osos oh of ot 2 ocdtasiss = lari tes apea'huerncs wud 3 be jnig ie Koencoon 3 axating 1 ¥8 qr boon Halo no}}= 40 SNIT00D ONY ONILYSH i om om 8 as ye < x fra ag Ee a &4000 3000] 8 Heat transfer coefficient hj , Btu/hr (F¥7 300 Ro APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 835 42, BS 5 5 Correction factor Ga 0s 06 07 08 09 10 is 20 Inside diameter of fube,in The values oF hj are for a 400316 BWG Yabe(10-0.82"). For any other ID multiply 1h; by the factor obtained above 15 5 2 3 4 6 7 8 910 Velocity through tubes, ft/sec Fro, 26 ‘Tube-side water-hest-transfer curve, [Adapted from Bagle and Ferguson, Proc. Roy. Soe, A127, 540 (1980).]PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 836 urbe/is 8's Coron 3:04 a2 “Do Pe “uormooeEY sisimpnfrunyE sBuNEEE soMANY, fo epsepuERs) ~eIOION} UOTIPL OPHOANT, “9s “OTE Has tena ae os 9One eat hed for set oct), YF) pa, 00s 005 0.004] 00s 0002] 2.00t The 8 8 388 8 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 837 Return pressure loss/pass 4 velocity heads ‘otal return pressure loss (4velocity heads) x passes o on,2 #2 (eo © git a= Acceleration of groiy sec? Number of tube passes ‘Bete pressure drop, bi 5 =Specife groily Nelly fps Fie, 27. ‘Tube-side return pressure loss.PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 838 ‘eoqgeq [pauausdes gro % ge HH S9}pUING 305 BAIND FOFSHENI-AWEY OPUS “FE “OL ono, 1 a oi I: Hi * a * = AE eri & ao = Bs 5 rsa arpmodeas mse hsm, Te isi nied aco soapetoan: ANI rr dome tebe peeve i a donanfy Papuntotipas sen teenyaratarate pang mane mews 8 oe eo839 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA -sopsog wiuaWaes ano oe YE SOIPUNG, 10g BLOOEE LOHOTS OPISTTOUS “6z “OT tos Bq ‘03 oso Saimin fame seule EM SUS if epaee OEE, el ey na sng ee ehifar hypsiags OY pat tara nnan snus pny et years nas ges: ie yy se nero cn SH Sms tebe puny ato caso nag pa tbssiaaries, big sdb CAD Tos orars840 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Tasun 8, Approxncars Ovenats, Desion Conrrictnnrs ‘Values include total dirt factors of 0.008 and allowable pressure drops of 5 to 10 psi on the controlling stream. Coolers Hot fluid Cold fluid ‘Overall Up Water Water 250-5005 ‘Methanol Water 250-5008 Ammonia Water 250-5008 Aqueous solutions | Water 250-5005 Light organics* | Water 75-160 Medium organiost | Water 50-125, Heavy organiest | Water 5-75] Gases Water 2-50 Water Brine 100-200 Light organics | Brine 40-100 Heaters Hot fluid Cold duid Overall Uo Steam Water 200-7008 Steam Methanol 200-7008 Steam Ammonia 200-7008 Steam ‘Aqueous solutions: Steam ‘Less than 2.0 cp | 200-700 Steam More than 2.0 op | 100-5008 Steam Light organics 100-200 Stearn ‘Medium organies, 50-100 Steam Heavy organics 6-60 Steam Gases 5-507 Exchangers Hot fluid ‘Cold uid Overall Uo Water Water 250-5008 Aqueous solutions | Aqueous solutions 250-500§ Light organies | Light organies 40-75 Medium organics | Medium organics 20-80 Heavy organies | Heavy organics 10-40 Heavy organios | Light organics 30-60 Light organics | Heavy organics 10-40 Beton owe ‘Liat oroanioa a Side with viseonties of lesa than 0.8 centipoive and include benz scstone, ethanol, mothyl ethyl Ketone, gasoline, light kerosene, and naphtha. {Medium organden bave vieeeltes of 0.5 to 1.0 contipale and include kerowene, straw cil, hot gas ol, bok aboorber ol, and some erudes. "t Heory organice have visooitce sbove 1.0 eentipore and include oold gas oll, lube lla, fue cit reduced orade oil ara, and aaphalta, ' Dirt factor 0.001. I Preaure drop 20 to 20 pi |{ Thave res are greatly influenced by the operating pressure,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA S41 ‘Tastz 9, ‘Tunz-suner Lavours (Lunn Counts) Square Pitch . square pitch | tin. OD tubes on 134 . squate piteh Shell pis, | PP) 2P] P| oP] se 26 8 a 2 10 32 7 12 8 36 13% | o| 90] sz] 76) mo] ie | a “4 15% | 197 | 124] 116 | 108] 108] 15% | si 6 1% | ¥77 | 166 | t58 | 150 | 342] 17% | 12 2 39% | 294] 320 | 204] 292} 188] 19% | 198 16 ai | 27 | 270 | 240 | 240 | a3e] 21% | 377 ug 23% | 341 | 324 | 308 | 302 | 292] 23% | 213 184 25 | 413 | 304| s70| 356 | sas} 25 | 260 222 27 | 4s1 | 460 | 432 | 420 | 408} 27 — | 300 260 29 | ssa | 526 | 450] 408] 455} 29 | aa 236 at | 657 | 640 | 600 | 580 | sco] 31 | 405 358, 3 | 749 | 718 | oss | 676 | 68 | 33 | 465 au 35 | 845 | 824| 790/760 | 748] 35 | 502 472 at — | 934 | 914 | 880 s66 | gas] a7 | 596 | 574 | soz a4 | 592 39 toga j1oa4 | 982 | 968 | 948] 39 | 665 | o44 | 024 612 | 600 1% in. OD tubes on 194¢-in, square piteh | 134 in. OD tubes on 174-in, square pitch wo | 16! 32] 10 2 30; | 22/ 16] 16] 12 16 | 16/12] 12 1a | a2) 30} 30| 22) 22) 13% { 22| 22/ 16] 16 35% | 44) 40/ a7] a5] a1} 15% | 20] 20! 25/ a| 22 7% | 36) oa] si) 49] 44| 37% | 30] 30] 34) a2] 29 19% | 73) 73] m1) 64) 56) 19% | 50] 48/ 45] 43] 939 21% | 96 | 90] 86/ 82] 78] 21% | 62) Go; Br] 54/ 50 29h | 127 | 112 108| 102| 96} 23% | 78) 74) 70| 06| 2 25 | 140 | 185} 197 | 123 | 115 | 25 %} 90) 86| se] 78 ar | 196 | 160] 151) 146 | 140) 27 | 112 | 108 | 102 | a8 | 94 29 | x93 | 1887s] rr} 166 | 29 | 131 | 197 | 120 | a6 | 119 a1 | 296 | 220 | 200 | 202} 193) 31 | 351 | 146 | 141 | 138 | 131 33 | a58| 252 | 244 | 238 | 226 | 33 | 176 | 170 | 164 | 160 | 151 35 | 293| 287 | 275 | 268 | 258 | 35 | 202 | 106 | 188 | 182 | 170 a7 | asa | saz | i1| soa | 203] 37 | 224 | 220 | 217 | 210 | 202 30 | a70 | ae2 | sas | 342] 96) 0 | 282 | 246 | 237 | 230 ane842 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tame 9, Topx-sunex Lavours (Tune Counrs)—(Continued) ‘Teiangular Pitch 3m. OD tubes on 18fe-in. triangular | 34 in, OD tubes on Tin, triangular piteh piteh yell [ip [oper] or] or op[sPlor]ar 3 30 | 32 i Wat) ae 10 o2| 56 36 B2] 40] 36 2 | 109 98] 8 s2| 76] 74) 70 4 wz) a 86 308) 88) 82 | 74 35% | 170 | 160 | 138 138 | 122 | 148 | 110 174 | 230 | 204 178 196 | 178 | 172 | 160 128 301 | 282 234 250 | 226 | 216 | 210 218g | 01 | 342 290 302 | 278 | 272 | 260 2334 | 442 | 420 364 i376 | 363 | 42 | 308 35° | 532 | 500 486 452 | 492 | S04 | 382 ar | 37 | 602 534 tat | 458 | 474 | doe 29 | za1 | 092 594 604 | 556 | 538 | 508 a1 | sit | 22 720 ‘8 | 678 | 600 | 640 33 974 | 938 826 830 | 774 | 760 | 732 35 |uio2 [ross 958 | 35 | 970 | 988 | B82 | sot | S48 37 i240 [1200 1072 | 37 ~—_‘jaor4 [sods fror2 | 986 | 870 30_hha77 |1330 aia | 39 __[1206 11176 |1128 [x100 |xo7s Tin, OD tubes on 134-1 teh] 194 in, OD tubes on 196d. angular Pi 3 By By ey) 10 32] 32| 26| 24 10 0! is| 14 2 55| 52| 48| 26] 44] 32 32! 30| 26| 22! 20 13% | 68| 63/ 58] 54] 50/ ia | 38; 36] 32] 28] 26 1% | a| 86] | 74) m2) iy | ba] 51) 25| 42/ 38 17 | 1a1| 118 | 106 | 104) 94) 178g | 60/60 | 62| 58] 54 1934 | 163 | 183 | 140 | 136 | 128) 198 | 95) 91| 86] 73] 69 ais¢ | 199 | 188 | 170 | 164 | 160] 2134 | 117 | 142 | 105 | 101 | 95 234 | 241 | 252 | 212 | 213 | 202| 2384 | 140 | 186 | 130 | 198 | 17 25 | 294| 282 | 256 | 252 | 22 | 25° | 170 | 104 | 155 | 150 | 140 27 — | 349 | 334 | 302 | 206 | 286) 27 — | 202 | 196 | 185 | 179 | 170 29 | 307| 876 | a8 | $64 | 316, 29 | 235 | 228 | 217 | 212 | 202 at | 47a | 454 | 430 | 424 | 400 | 31 | 275 | 270 | 255 | 245 | 235, 33 | 538 | 522 | 480 | 470 | 454) 33 | B15 | 305 | 207 | Dap | 275, 35 — | 0s | 502 | 562 | 546 | 532, 35 | 357 | 348 | 335 | 327 | 315, 37 | ert | oa | x2 | O14 | S08) 37 — | 407 | 300 | 80 | 374 | a57 30 | 766 | 736 | 700 | oss | 672 | 30 | 449 | 436 | 425 | 419 | 407 134 in, OD tubes on 194-in, triangular pitch w, B) Mp) 2) 33% | 27| 22] is} 16} as 5 36| 34 32] 30| 27 wy | $3| | a2] 38) 36 yoy | 61) 58| 55/51) 48 By 76| 72) 70) 86) 61 23% | 05 | 91] 86| 80) 76 25° | 115 | 110] 105] 98) 95 27 | 136 | 131 | 195 | 118 | 115 20 | 160 | 154 | 147 | 141 | 130 BL | tea | 177 | 172 | 165 | 160 33 | 215 | 206 | 200 | 190 | 184 35 | 248 | 238 | 230 | 220 | 215 37 | 276 | 268 | 260 | 252 | 246 30__| 307 | 290 | 200 | 284 | 275,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 843 ‘Tanz 10. Har Excuanaun ano Coxpensor Topz Data Surface per lin ft" | wpaiene Tube Wall Flow area i opre.|BWG} thick- | 1D, in. | ‘per tube, perlin ft ness, in. j "| outside | Inside ate 292 | 0.0025 | 0.1900 | 9.0718 | 9.493 . ° 14 | 0.083 | 0.334 | O.osze oss 0.403 16 | 0:065 | 0.370 | 90-1076 0.0969 | 0.329 3s | 0.0 | o:402 | 0:17 0:1052 | 0.258 2 | 0.085 | 0-480 | 0.145 0.1135 | 0.190 x | 10 | 0.134 | 0.482 | 0.182 | 0.1068 | 0.1203 | 0.965 i | 07120 | 0-510 | 0-208 0.1385 | o:8e4 12 | 0-109 | 0.582 | 0.223 0.1398 | 0-817 13 | 0:095 | 0-500 | 0.247 0.146 | 0°737 14 | 0.088 | 0.584 | 0-268 01529 | 0.647 15 | 0.072 | 0.606 | 0.289 0.1587 | 0.571 13 | 0.085 | 0.620 | 0-302 0.1623 | 0.520 1 | 0.058 | 0-634 | 0.334 9.1660 } 0.409 18 | 0.089 | 0:62 | 0.338 0.707 | 0.401 1 3 | 0.105 | 0.970 | 9.955 | 0.2618 | 0.1754 | 1.61 9 | g.18 | 0-704 | 0-380 i 10 | 0134 | 0-732 | o.421 1 + 0.120 | 0-760 | 0.455 1 32 0.109 | 0.782 | 0.479 1 13 0-095 | 0-810 | 0-515 1 14 | 0.083 | 0.834 | 0.546 0: 15 | 0.072 | 0.956 | 0.576 9. 18 | 0.065 | 0.870 | 0.594 9. a7 | 0-058 | o-sse | 0-613 0 18 | o-oto | 0.002 | 0.689 | 0: 1% | 8 | 0.265 | 0.920 | 0.605 | o.aa7 2. 9 | og | 0.954 | 0.74 1 10 | aise | o-s2 | o.757 | Q nw | 0.120 | Lor | 0.900 | 1 2 | 0.109 | 103 | 0.836 1 13 | 0:005 | 1:05 | 0.88 1 14 | 0.088 | 1:08 | 0.928 1 15 | o.o72 | 111 | 0.900 16 | 0.005 | i112 | 0-985 a | 0-058 | 113. | 1.01 18 | 0.089 | 1:15 | 108 us | | a6 | raz | 1.075 | 0.3925 o } og | 1:20 | iis 10 | oat | 1:23 | 119 un | 0.190 | 126 | 1:25 32 | 0.109 | 128 | 129 3 | 0.095 | iat | 195 M4 | 0-088 | 1:33 | 140 35 | 0.072 | 136 | Lat 36 | 0.065 | 1:37 | 147 i | 0.058 | 138. | 1:50 38 | oo | 140 | 1.56844 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Tanue 11, Dncexsions oF Sresn Prez (IPS) ISchedule low area | SRE FED | Went op, in. (Shedte| TD, in. | “per pipe, per lin ft, 7 int | Outside | Inside | lb steel 0.405] 40" | 0.260) 0.058) 0.108 | 0.070 | sof | 0.215 | 0.038, 0056 w% | 0.560} 40° | 0.864] 0.104 0.141 | 0.095 sor | 01802] 0.072 | 0.079 % | 0.675) 40* | 0.493) 0.193) 0.177 | 0.129 sor | 0.495) 0.14 out % | 0.840) 40* | 0,622) 0.904) 0.220 | 0.163 got | 0.546 | 0.285 01148 % | 1.05 | 40% | 0.824| 0.584) 0.975 | 0.216 sot | 0.742] 0.482 0:94 1 a.s2 | 40° | 1049] 0.864] o.sas | 0.278 | 168 sor | 0.957 | 0.718 01250 | 27 1% | 1.68 | 40% | 1.390} 1.50 | 0.495 | 0.302 | 2.28 sor | 1378] 1128 01335 | 3.00 ug | 190 | 40* | 1.610] 2.00 | 0.498 | 0.492 | 2.72 sor | 1500) 176 | 0.303 | 3.64 2 2.88 | 40" | 2.067] 3.35 | 0.622 | 0.542 | 3.66 sot | i939 | 2:95 01508 | 5.08 2g | 2.88 | 40* | 2.469] 4.79 | 0.753 | 0.647 5.80 sot |. 2.323] 4.23 | o:008 | 7.67 3 3.50 | 40% | 3.08] 7.38 | o.s17 | ogo | 7.58 sot | 2800] 6-61 0.760 | 10:3 4 4.50 | 40" | 4.025) 12.7 | cars | 1.055 | 10.8 sot | 3.826) 11:5 qt 15.0 6 6.625} 40* | 6.065| 28.9 19.0 fof | 5.761} 26:1 28:6 8 3.625] 40% | 7.981) 50.0 28.6 sot | 7625] 45:7 BA so | 10.75 | 40* | 10.02 | 78.8 40.5 6 | 9:75 | 746 548 2 30 | 12.09 | 15 43.8 ia 30 | 18125 } 138, 54, 16 x 30, | 15.25 | 183 62. 8 x 2or | 17-25 | 234 7 » | 20 | 19:25 2 | 78. 2 Dot | 21:25 | 356 a7 BA Bt | 20 | 20° | 2.25. | 435 288 94. % Commonly Known as standard {Commonly lnown as extra beavy. T Appresimataly.APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA B45 ‘Tamue 12, Fouuna Factons* ‘Temperature of heating medium Upto MOF |_ O00 T ‘Temperature of water... 25°F or less | Over 125°F Water velocity, | Water velocity, fps Water Sit | Over | aft and less| 3% {and less -| 0.0005 {0.0005 | 0.001 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 eee 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 City or well water Guch a3 Great Lakes. 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 Great Lakes... ecececceeese 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 River water: ‘Minimura, .| 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 Mississippi... 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 Delaware, Sehuyikill 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.008 East River and New York Bay. 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 Chicago sanitary canal. 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.010 Muddy of silty. 0.003 | 0.002 } 0.008 “Hac (over 15 grains /en) 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.005 Engine jacket. 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 Distilled. 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 0.001 | 0.0005 | 9.001 0.002 | 0.002_| 0.002 1} Ratings in tho last two columns aro bused on a tomperature of tho heating medium of 240 t0 400°F. 1 the heating medium temperature ia over 400°F, and tke cooling medium ia known to acale those ratings should be modified acoordingly. Petroleum Fractions Oils (industrial): ‘Liquids (industrial): Fuel oil..... + 0.005 Organi. . ++ 0,002 Glean recirculating ol 0.001 Refrigerating liquids, heating, Machinery and transformer oils 0.001 cooling, or evaporating..... 0.001 Quenching oil... +. 0.004 Brine (cooling) 0.001 Vegetable oils... 0.003 Atmospheric distillation units: Gases, vapors (industrial): Residual bottoms, less than Coke-oven gas, manufactured 25°APT... coe 0,005 gas. oe 0.01 Distillate bottoms, 25°APT or Diesel-engine exhaust gas..... 0.01 above... veceseses 0.002 Organic vapors... <.., 0.0005 Atmospheric distillation units: Steam (non-oil bearing)...... 0.0 Overhead untrested vapors... 0.0013 Aleohol vapors. Overhead treated vapors... 0.008 Steam, exhaust (oil bearing Side-stream cuts..... + 0.0013 from reciprocating engines) 0.001 Vacuum distillation units: Refrigerating vapors (condens- Overhead vapors to oil: ing from reciprocating com- From bubble tower (partial PTEMOTE) eevee sees 0,002 condenser), - 0.001 ceceteeess 0.002 From flash pot (oa appre able reflux). + 0.008 * Bandards of Tubular Brchanger Manufacturers Auociotion, 2d od., Nex York, 1949,846 PROCESS HRAT ‘Tanz 12, Fouune Facrons.*. ‘Overhead vapors in water TRANSFER cooled condensers: rom bubble tower (inal condenser)...... = 0.001 From fash pot. 0.04 Side stream: To oil... 0.001 To waters... 0.002 Overhead vapors, Residual bottoms, less than Product coolers... 2O°APIL... Ses, 0.005 Produet reboilers.... Distillate bottoms, over Reactor foed. i 20°APT..... 0.002 Laibe treating, Natural gin stabiliser unite: Solvent oil mixed feod. 0.002 Feed. . OH, vapors... . Product coolers and exchangers 0.0005 Refined oil heat exchangers Product reboilers. Ocoor Wate oc eeseeey A008 HS Removal Unite: jums and tars: For overhead vapors... 0.001 Ott soaked and steam. ™ gener Solution exchanger coolers. ... 0.0016 9.005 Reboiler. coceeess 0.0016 0.008 Cracking units: 9.001 ae Deasphaltizing unite: Feed ofl... = 0,002 ‘Under 500°F = 0.002 °. 500°F and over.. 0.003 : ‘Naphtha feed: Under 50°F. 0.002 50°F and over..........-. 0.004 Séparator vapors (vapors from vapors. separa, ash ot, and Rolned teen. vaporizer)... - 0.008 Refined oil water cooled. Bubble-tower vapors 0.002 Dewaxing unite: 0.010 Lube oil. Solvent. - 0,002 Oil wax mix heating 10.002 + Oil wax.mix cooling?. . 4 Proovations mut be taken agtnatdeponiton of wax. Crude Oil Streams wr BOD 300-100F | 500"F and over Velocity, fps Under] 2-4 | 4] yaar] 2-4 | 4# | nder| 24 | £4 | under] 2-4 | #4 ate | & (4) ore | a. [A] one | we [4] ote [ee jad over * | over over over 00840 063]0..002| 0.008|0,002|0. 002 0.00410-008}0.003) 6-008|0-00410.008 .003{0. 602.002) 0.005|0, 004/0.004| 0.00610. 00510:.004| 0.007/0.006|0. 008 {Refers to a wet crude—any ersde that baw not bean dehydrated.