Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Today’s Topic:
1. A Simple LP Example
2. Graphical solution of LP
3. Special Cases
4. Graphical Sensitivity Analysis
Change of an objective function coefficient
Change of a right-hand-side
Simultaneous changes of several coefficients
1. A Simple LP Example
RMC, Inc. is a firm that produces chemical-based products. Three raw materials
are used to produce two products. The material requirements per ton are shown below.
Product Material 1 Material 2 Material 3
Fuel additive 2/5 0 3/5
Solvent base 1/2 1/5 3/10
For the current production period, RMC has available the following quantities of each raw
material. Because of spoilage, any materials not used for current production must be
discarded.
Material Material 1 Material 2 Material 3
Available 20 5 21
If the contribution to profit is $40 for each ton of fuel additive and $30 for each ton of
solvent base, how many tons of each product should be produced in order to maximize the
total contribution to profit?
-- LP formulation
Decision variables:
Objective function:
Constraints:
-- Interpretation
feasible vs. infeasible
feasible solution vs. optimal solution
slack vs. surplus
Step 3. Shift the obj. line along the improvement direction and identify an optimal
solution.
Step 4. Calculate the optimal solution and the corresponding objective value
Solve LP
Feasible Infeasible
Unbounded
Solution Optimal Solution
-- LP infeasible:
conflict requirements ==> no common solution space
algebra example:
graphical example:
-- Unbounded solution:
if the solution space is unbounded along the improvement direction of the obj. fun.
graphical example:
caution: unbounded solution space does not necessarily imply unbounded solution
graphical example:
graphical example:
-- Degenerate solution:
optimal solution overly determined
graphical example:
-- Question: What will happen to the current production plan if the price of a product
changes?
-- Observation:
Obj. coeff. change => slope of obj. line change => obj. line rotates
Small change of an obj. coeff. does not change the current optimal solution.
-- Ranges of the obj. coeff. (to maintain the current optimal solution):
II. Global View of An Obj. Coefficient Change (Large Change)
-- Within the obj. coeff range, the obj. value changes proportionally to the coeff. change.
Maximization LP:
Minimization LP:
III. Change of A Right-Hand-Side
-- Questions:
What will happen to the current production if more resources are available?
By how much the profit will change (with the additional resources)?
-- Observations:
RHS change => constraint shifts => potential solution space change
RHS change for binding constraints => the optimal solution changes
RHS change (small) for non-binding constraints => no effect on the opt. solution
If binding constraints remains binding => obj. value changes proportionally
-- Dual Price: the improvement rate of the obj. function value as the RHS increases.
Dual price > 0: obj. improve
Dual price < 0: obj. deteriorate
-- Within the RHS range, obj. value changes proportionally to the RHS change.
Maximization LP:
* < constraint:
* > constraint:
Minimization LP:
* < constraint:
* > constraint:
-- 100% rule:
For objective coefficients: if the total percentage changes w.r.t the allowable
increases or decreases is within 100%, the current optimal solution does not change.
For RHS’s: if the total percentage changes w.r.t the allowable RHS increases or
decreases is within 100%, all dual prices do not change.
Only a sufficient condition.