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production-technology.org/pressure-gradient/
Pressure gradients for incompressible fluids have units of pressure/depth. For example,
psi/ft, bar/m.
Pressure gradient seems difficult, but it is simply using the density of the fluid and
converting units:
1 kg = 2.2 pounds
1 m = 39.37 inches
1 m = 3.28 feet
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If you are given the API gravity of oil instead of the SG, then use this formula:
Example:
WC = 70%
Water SG = 1.04
Pressure-Depth Plot:
To find a pressure at a given depth, simply multiply the VERTICAL depth by the given
fluid gradient.
Obviously, denser fluids, and therefore higher fluid gradients result in higher pressure.
For example, if my depth is 2000 ft. and my gradient is 0.425 psi/ft, then my pressure is
2000 ft. x 0.425psi/ft = 850 psi.
Example:
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If the fluid doesn’t reach the surface, then there is some ‘fluid level’, or depth, where the
pressure is zero and then the pressure increases according to the gradient.
Example:
Our total depth (2000 ft.) and gradient (0.425 psi/ft.) are the same as before. The fluid
level, however, is below the surface (zero) at 500 ft. What is the pressure at 2000 ft.?
Here the effect of increasing gradient is reversed, and denser fluid results in a shorter
fluid column for a given pressure.
Example:
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