Hyderabad Public School ,Begumpet 2017-18

Worksheet (solved) Class 10

Agriculture-I, II, III, IV in India (geography)

1. What is shifting agriculture? What are its diadvantages? Where is it practiced in India?
Ans:--
(i) It is a primitive type of agricultural practice in which a patch of forest is cleared,
trees are felled, and stumps are set on fire.the cleared patch is then cultivated
for a few years untill the fertility of the soil is seriously reduced.
(ii) Shifting agriculture is a great menace to the environment .it accelerates soil
erosion and causes floods.
(iii) It is practiced in north eastern India and the Himalayan reegion.it is also known
as ‘Jhum in Assam,Ponam in Kerala, Podu in AP,Khil in Himalayas etc.

2. Define subsistance farming.

1) Land holdings are small & scattered.

2) The farmers use traditional methods of agriculture.

3) The output is not very high and is consumed within the family.

4) There is never surplus for the market

3.Differentiate between intensive farming and extensive farming.

INTENSIVE FARMING EXTENSIVE FARMING

1) Small farms are intensively cultivated. 1)Farms are huge in size.

2) More than 1 crop is cultivated on the 2)One major commercial crop is

same field. cultivated.
3) Labour intensive & practiced in areas 3)Capital intensive & machines are used.
 where population is more. Practiced in areas where population is
less.

4. Differentiate between:--

PLANTATION FARMING MIXED FARMING

1)One crop is cultivated using modern
scientific methods,
2) Commercial crops like tea, coffee &rubber
are grown.
3)Undertaken on a large land
1)Crops and animals are raised
simultaneously
2) Two or more crops are grown.
3) Rotation of crops is practiced
4) Ensures steady income to farmers.

KHARIF CROPS RABI CROPS

1) Summer crop 1)winter crop
2) Sown in june-july and harvested in 2)sown in october – december and harvested
september –october in march – april
3) Crops:rice,jowar,bajra 3)Crops:wheat,gram,barley

6. Mention the main problems faced by Indian agriculture and help given by the government
to solve them.

Ans) Problems:--

(i) Faulty cultivation of crops: Repetitive cultivation of main crops depletes soil
fertility.
(ii) Lack of irrigation: 55% of net cropped area lacks irrigation &depends on Monsoons.
(iii) Unreliable rainfall: Monsoons are uncertain, irregular &unevenly distributed.
(iv) Old & inefficient methods farming: lack of technical knowhow & inputs as he is
uneducated.
(v) Small landholdings cannot promote modern agriculture. Leads to waste of time,
labor, &under utilization of irrigational facilities.
Solutions:--

(i) Use of large and technological inputs

(ii) Use of high-yeilding variety of seeds.
(iii) Extension of irrigation facilities
(iv) Proper use of chemical fertillizers
(v) Improvement in market and storage facilities

8. Which method is best in rice cultivation? Give 3 reasons

Ans) (i) Transplantation is the best method.

(ii) It is best because of:--less wastage of seeds, high yeild per hectare & weeds are removed
while resowing.

9. State the important aspects of Japanese method of sowing.

(i) Seedling is prepared in nurseries.

(ii) Transplanted in rows at a distance of 25cm & between the plants about 15cm so
that weeding is done easily.
(iii) Manure is used extensively.
(iv) Plants give higher yield in this method.

10. Name the leading states for the following crops:--

(i) Rice: WB,UP,AP,Tamilnadu

(ii) Wheat : UP,Punjab
(iii) Millets: Maharashtra,Karnataka
(iv) Pulses: UP,MP

11. What is the importance of millets? Why are they dry crops?

(i) They serve as food grains for poor people.

(ii) Their straw is used as fodder for cattle.
(iii) Crops are of short duration.
(iv) They are called dry crops because they are drought resistant crops.

12. What are pulses? State their importance in India.

Ans) (i) They form a very important part of Indian diet, especially of vegetarians, as they
provide protein.
(ii) They are leguminous crops and help in fixing nitrogen and increase fertillity of soil.

Hence, pulses are rotated with other crops to increase soil fertility.

(Iv) Black gram, red gram, green gram, peas, tur etc. are pulses.

13. With reference to sugarcane state the difference between sett and ratoon method.

Ans)

Sett New canes are usually planted by taking cuttings, known as setts, from old
plants. Buds sprout to form new stalks.

Ratooning: During the first harvest the sugarcane is cut leaving a little of stalk in the soil
with roots. The stalk soon puts out new shoots or ratoons.This second crop obtained
from the roots of the left over crop is called ratoon.

Advantages of ratooning:

*Matures early/ cheaper & no extra input/Saves labour & time.

Disadvantages of rationing:

*Risk of pest & diseases/ it yields thinner cane/lower sucrose content

14. Name the leading states for the following crops:

(i) SugarcaneUP,Maharashtra,Tamil Nadu

(ii) Jute  WB,Bihar
(iii) CottonGujarat, Maharashtra
(iv) Groundnut Gujarat ,Telangana & TN
(v) Sunflower seed _TN & Karnataka
(vi) Sesamum UP,Maharastra

15. What is the importance of soya bean?

(i) Soya bean has high protein content and is used as a substitute for animal protein.
(ii) The beans can be eaten as a vegetable or made into milk, soya sauce and paneer.

16. Name 2 non-edible seeds.

Ans) linseed and castor oil.

17. Mention the uses of:--

 (i) Groundnutcooking oil,margarine,medical emulations,manufacture of
soap,oilcake as cattle feed
(ii) Mustard and rapeseedcooking oil, oilcake as cattle feed
(iii) Soya beanvegetable ,milk,soya sause,paneer
(iv) Sunflower seedcooking oil, oilcake as cattle feed
(v) Linseed  oilcake as fertilizer,to make water proof frabics.
(vi) Castor seedmedicinal purposes,lubricants in machines,hair oil,manufacture of
soap, oilcake as manure,leaves fed to silkworms

18. Define ginning, Mesta, Retting

(i) Ginningseperating the cotton fibre seeds

(ii) MestaInferior substitute for jute that can withstand drought conditions
(iii) Rettingthe stem of jute is put in water to rot. It softens the bark and helps in
removal of bark.the stem is used to make fibre.

19. Why is west Bengal leading producer for Jute?

(i) New Alluvial soil brought by the river.

(ii) Hot, humid climate
(iii) Plenty of water for retting.
(iv) Well-distributed water.
(v) Source of income for 40 lakh farmers.(economic importance)

20. Why is pruning of leaves needed for tea?

(i) To maintain heights for easy picking.

(ii) Frequent pruning encourages the rapid production of leaves and shoots.

21. Mention the types of:--

(i) Teablack tea, green tea, oolong tea (best) , brick tea(inferior)
(ii) Coffee robusta (lower quality),liberica(moderate quality),arabica(fine )

22. State the factors favorable for cultivation of coffee in south India.

Ans) Suitable elevation, South West Monsoons gives sufficient rainfall, laterite soil which is
rich in iron oxide, well drained friable loams.

Climatetemperature-15-29*c

Rainfall—150-200cm
23. Why are dalap, silver oak, orange and plum, pepper, jack fruit grown in a coffee estate?

Ans) Dalap & silver oak o protect coffee plants from strong direct sunshine and hot dry
winds and orange, plum etc. for extra income.

24. Why are tea/coffee plantations found on hill slopes?

Ans) Tea plants cannot withstand water logging at their roots.

25. State an important difference between the climatic requirements for growing cotton &
jute.

Ans. Cotton requires uniformly high temperature 21’C -30’C & moderate rainfall 50-75cm.

Jute requires a hot & humid climate temp. 24’c- 35’C , rainfall more than 150cm &
humidity 90%.

26.i. Which is the most important crop grown in West Bengal?

ii. State the climate & soil conditions required for the growth of jute.

iii. Why is it called ‘Golden Fiber’?

Ans. i. Jute.

ii. Temp. 24-35’C/ Rain-- Above 150cm/ soil—sandy loam- new alluvial & clayey loams.

iii. Earns foreign exchange.

27. How does the cultivation of pulses usually help in restoration of fertility of soil?

*Pulses are leguminous plants with root nodules & have the capacity to fix &use the
nitrogen. That’s why it is rotated with other crops.

28 .Why must the sugar mills be near the sugarcane fields?

*Sugarcane should be crushed within 48 hrs or the sucrose content will reduced.

29.. Tea bushes are pruned regularly. Give reason

* Frequent pruning encourages rapid production of leaves & shoots & also to maintain the
height & diameter of the plant to 1 meter.

30. What are the favorable conditions for growing tea in the Nilgiris/

* Temp : 27’- 35’ Rain : 150- 300 cm. Soil : Well drained laterite soil.
31. Name one crop with which the following are associated.

a) Retting- Jute

b) Ginning- cotton

c) Cloning- Tea

d) Ratooning- sugarcane

32. Why millets are called ‘dry crops’?

* Millets can be grown where rainfall is very low. They are hardy and drought resistant
crops. They are short duration crop.

33. What is crop rotation?

* Growing of different crops on a piece of land to avoid exhaustion of minerals in the soil
and to enable atmospheric nitrogen to be fixed in their root nodules.

Note:* Follow the table given for geographical conditions required for all the crops.