12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

WHAT IS PIPING
AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN PROCESS PIPING ENGINEERING BASICS IN DETAIL TO HELP ALL THE PROCESS PIPING
ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS AROUND THE WORLD.
(http://www.whatispiping.com)

HOME (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/) ABOUT US (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/US)

PIPING STRESS  PIPING DESIGN  PIPING JOBS (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/JOBS)

MISC.  PRIVACY POLICY (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/PRIVACY-POLICY)

CONTACT US (HTTP://WWW.123CONTACTFORM.COM/FORM-645888/CONTACT)

› COOLING TOWER SEARCH THIS WEBSITE

(HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/COOLING-
Custom Search
Search
TOWER) › COOLING TOWER BASICS

(HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/COOLING-TOWER-

BASICS) › PIPING DESIGN

(HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/PIPING-DESIGN) › PIPING

http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 1/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

ENGINEERING (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/PIPING- -35% -6%

ENGINEERING) › PIPING LAYOUT

(HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/PIPING-LAYOUT) › STATIC

EQUIPMENT (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/CATEGORY/STATIC-

-65% -62%
EQUIPMENT) › COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A BRIEF

PRESENTATION: FINAL PART (HTTP://WWW.WHATISPIPING.COM/COOLING-

TOWER-AND-COOLING-WATER-SYSTEM-3)

COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER -20%

SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part

 August 11, 2017      No Comment (http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-
cooling-water-system-3#respond)    

Continued from Part-2…. Click here to go to Part-2

(http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-2)….
Click here to go to part-1. (http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-
cooling-water-system-1)

ADIABATIC AIR PRE-COOLER (Fig. 6):

Also known as humidified air cooler

Effective for low RH areas
Fill section adjacent to dry section with drift eliminator in between
Finned tube bundle located on top of dry section
Induced draft fan draws air through fill and coil sections in series
Two water streams – closed loop through coil and open loop through fill
160 Enter your email address:
http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 2/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

(https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?
SUBSCRIBE FOR EMAIL
url=http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-

tower-and-cooling-
UPDATES
water-system-3)

Subscribe
Delivered by FeedBurner
(http://feedburner.google.com)

MOST POPULAR POSTS

Pressure Tests of Piping

systems-Hydrotest Vs
Pneumatic Test
(http://www.whatispiping.c
tests-of-piping-systems-
hydrotest-vs-pneumatic-
test)
11 most important
questions & answers from
ASME B 31.3 which a
Piping stress engineer
must know
(http://www.whatispiping.c
b-31-3)
BASICS OF PIPE STRESS
ANALYSIS: A
Fig. 6: Adiabatic Air Pre Cooler
PRESENTATION-Part 1 of 2
Water re-circulated in fill section (http://www.whatispiping.c
Air, cooled in the fill section, exits in saturated condition of-pipe-stress-analysis)
Process water cooled in coil with outlet air from fill section Piping Elbows and Bends:
Air at outlet of coil section exits at a higher temperature and in A useful detailed literature
unsaturated condition for piping engineers
Water circuit in open loop can be shut-off during winter
http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 3/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

Less impingement (http://www.whatispiping.c

Existing evaporative towers can be retrofitted elbows-and-bends)
Step by Step Methods for
Disadvantages:
WRC 107 and WRC 297
Two water circuits means additional accessories and chemical treatment Checking in Caesar II
Overall space requirement increases (http://www.whatispiping.c
107-and-wrc-297)
COMPARISON OF HYBRID AND EVAPORATIVE TOWERS: BALL VALVE DESIGN
Hybrid towers have: FEATURES: A Literature-
Part-3 of 4
(http://www.whatispiping.c
valve-design-features-
literature-part-3)
Top 12 must have Piping
books for a begineer into
Piping industry
(http://www.whatispiping.c
books)
Correct Filling Weight An article on pipe Automatic Tube A brief presentation
Requirement on Air of
support span for Cleaning Flexibility
Cooled Heat Exchangers in Piping
beginners. (http://www.whatispiping.c
Design: An overview
cooled-heat-exchangers)
Ad ChemicalQualityExchange whatispiping.com Ad Cet Enviro Stress Analysis of PSV
whatispiping.com
connected Piping systems
using Caesar II
(http://www.whatispiping.c
analysis-of-psv-
connected-piping-
systems)
Must have Load cases for
stress analysis of a typical
piping system using
InLab pH Sensors - ASME B 31J & B 31J 14 major changes in Piping Material and
Caesar II
Origin of Precision Essentials: Why these ASME B 31.3-2016 (http://www.whatispiping.c
with Metallurgy – Basic
are useful in Piping... respect to its earlier...
cases) Guidelines for...

Ad mt.com whatispiping.com whatispiping.com whatispiping.com

PREVIOUS POSTS

http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 4/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

Less problems of water loss

No plume formation
Select Month
More flexibility in operation
Bigger sizes
More accessories
Higher fan powers SELECT CATEGORY OF

CHANGES IN WATER COMPOSITION:

INTEREST
Cooling water operation changes water composition radically causing the
circulating water composition really affecting the system’s operation and life
Select Category
Factors affecting physical and chemical properties of water

Ads by Google Heating and Cooling Cooling Tower Design A Water Water
SITEMAP
Temperature change
Evaporation
Air contact
SiteMap
Product contamination
(http://feeds.feedburner.com/wh
COOLING WATER TREATMENT:

Why treatment is required?

Scaling and fouling control

Corrosion control
Microbial growth control
pH control

SCALING AND FOULING:

Main causes:

Scaling – Due to salts that deposit on high temp surface due to retrograde
solubility
General fouling – Due to insoluble suspended particles forming deposits
on the surface
Biological fouling -This results from abundant growth of Algae, Fungi or
Bacteria on the surface

SCALE CONTROL:

Blow down control

http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 5/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

Increased Blow-down limits cycles of concentration.

Treatment is required to keep the dissolved solids in non scale forming
state.
Scale inhibitors do this permitting operation at supersaturated conditions
Acid Dosing- Sulfuric Acid
Relatively inexpensive method
Acid treatment removes the bicarbonate acidity by converting HCO3- to
SO4 and CO2
CO2 is released to atmosphere and Sulfate remains as by product
Caution – Over dosing causes corrosion

FOULING CONTROL:

Fouling occurs when insoluble suspended particles like iron, mud, silt and
other debris deposit on the surfaces.
Removal of suspended matter from make-up water, re-circulating water,
basin by use of Side-stream filters (filtering 1-5% of the total circulation)
High Water Velocities- A design stage measure for deposit control. This is
always not possible ( Shell side)
Dispersants-Keep the particulates in suspended form
Surfactants-Keep the Hydrocarbons in emulsified form

CORROSION CONTROL:

Achieved by dosing a Corrosion inhibitor. This primarily works by forming

a protective film on the surface.
Different types of treatments:
Chromate based program
Phosphate/ Phosphonate Programs
Dianodic
Alkaline Zinc
Alkaline Phosphate Program
All Organic
Molybdate based

MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL:

Microorganisms enter through wind, dust and make-up water

Results in Slime and algae growth
Important to minimize slime and algae growth as they reduce
heat transfer
decrease cooling water flow

http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 6/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

localize corrosion
serve as a mortar for rapid buildup of deposits
Control done by dosing chemicals
Biostatic agents : Chemicals that inhibit the growth of microbes
Biocides : Chemicals that kill the microorganisms
Advisable to use biocides in the cooling water treatment – two classes :
Oxidizing Biocides : Chlorine, bromine, Hypochlorite, Chlorine dioxide,
Ozone
Non Oxidizing Biocides : Methylene-bis-thiocyanate (MBT), Organotin
compounds, Aldehydes, Chlorophenols, Sulphones and Thiones,
Carbamates, Isothiazoline
Biofouling – accumulation of deposits of microorganisms forming films
Biodispersants used for dislodging of biofilms and prevention of their
formation
Followed by addition of biocide which kills the released bacteria

pH CONTROL:

Important in minimizing the rate of corrosion in a heat transfer/cooling

system
To avoid corrosion problems, controlling the pH in an alkaline range of
between 8 and 9 is important
Alkaline pH has greater tendency towards scaling from dissolved solids
http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 7/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

Conductivity measurement measures the level of TDS in water.

Related Posts:
1. COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation:
Part-1 of 3 (http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-
water-system-1)
2. COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation:
Part-2 of 3 (http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-
water-system-2)
3. FIXING LOCATION OF VARIOUS STATIC EQUIPMENTS: A PRESENTATION
(http://www.whatispiping.com/static-equipments)
4. An article on: THE HAZARDS OF PRESSURE TESTING
(http://www.whatispiping.com/hazards-of-pressure-testing)
5. “MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING THE PUMP PERFORMANCE”: A short
article (http://www.whatispiping.com/factors-affecting-the-pump-
performance)
6. An article on “APPLICATION OF ANTI-CORROSIVE LININGS &
COMPOSITES” : Part 1 of 2 (http://www.whatispiping.com/application-
of-anti-corrosive-linings-composites-part-1)
7. TYPES OF FLOWMETERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: Part 1 of 3
(http://www.whatispiping.com/types-of-flowmeters-and-their-
applications-1)

Cooling Tower (http://www.whatispiping.com/category/cooling-tower)

Cooling Tower Basics (http://www.whatispiping.com/category/cooling-

tower-basics)
Piping Design (http://www.whatispiping.com/category/piping-design)

Piping Engineering (http://www.whatispiping.com/category/piping-

engineering)
Piping Layout (http://www.whatispiping.com/category/piping-layout)

http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 8/9
12/16/2017 COOLING TOWER AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM: A Brief Presentation: Final Part – What is Piping

static equipment (http://www.whatispiping.com/category/static-

equipment)

 Cooling Tower (http://www.whatispiping.com/tag/cooling-tower)

Cooling Tower Basics (http://www.whatispiping.com/tag/cooling-tower-

basics)
Cooling Tower components (http://www.whatispiping.com/tag/cooling-

http://www.whatispiping.com/cooling-tower-and-cooling-water-system-3 9/9