AISC Taichung Taiwan, Asia University 27-29 April 2013

ISSN : 9772337442006

DEVELOPING NUSANTARA GREEN PHARMACY VILLAGE (NGPVill) TROUGH

HERBAL TECHNOPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM IN INDONESIA

Ade Suyitno1), Nurul Aisyah2)

1)
Economics Education Department, Faculty of Bussiness and and Economic Education,
Indonesia University of Education
2)
International Program on Science Education, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Education,
Indonesia University of Education

e-mail: adesuyitno@gmail.com

Abstract

Indonesia as Mega Diversity is really rich with natural resource such as a variety of useful herbal plants. The
potential of those herbal plants are not yet optimized as the resource which gives the a lot of benefit. Ironically,
Indonesia which is rich of natural resources, still has 28 million society who live in poverty and 7.6 million of
unemployment. Considering those condition, deep explanation and studies about the strategy development of
human resources and natural resources is taken, the solution is an integrated technology and community namely
NPGVill Program. NPGVill program is an integrated program by using stakeholder model of triple helix which
involves academics, business, government that run altogether along the same role in the development of society
in knowledge and technology transfer. The outcome of Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) is the
establishment of ecotourism village which offers herbal plant product in form of goods, service, and tourism of
education in society activity in cultivation and processing herbal plant which are integrated by Nusantara Green
Pharmacy Village (NGPVill). The advantages of Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) is to reduce
unemployment and poverty rate because this program will give economically effect to society, knowledge and
natural conservation. In the aspect of sustainable economy, NGPVill will increase economical activities and
enterpreneurship skill because there will be tangible and intangible product such as goods, service, and tourism
that can be developed by society to have bussiness balue. NGPVill program will also enhance society’s
knowledge in term of cultivation and management of herbal plant to produce the product. This educational and
economical value will increase the participation of society in environmental conservation.

Keywords: NGPVill, Herbal Technopreneurs, Ecotourism Village

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a country which has huge tropical forest. Indonesia is called as equator emerald is reasonable, this
is because Indonesia is reach by its biodiversity. In herbal plant, Indonesia is very potential, more than 1000
plant species is used for medicine but nowadays the role of herbal plant and formal health service in Indonesia
are still lack, those are caused by several factors such as Lack of government support for making herbal plant as
source of public welfare, there has not comprehensive and integrated program for herbal plant development,
lack of coordination and synchronization of the government, private sector, and recource development hence the
program becoming not really effective and not conductive legislation in herbal plant development. Based on its
efficiency, there are five potential herbal plant commodities such as ginger, turmeric, galingale, and purwoceng
to support the revitalization of the agricultural development program. According to the contribution to the
national GDP, every year these commodities such as ginger successfully undergo binding 11%, turmeric 28%,
galingale 52% and ginger 2.3% while the potential business of purwoceng reflected in the many products on the
market [1].

Indonesia as Mega Diversity country with abundant natural resources will become its own curse if it cannot be
optimized. Thererore, one of optimalization is is to follow development of technology-based economy to
optimize natural resources. In mid of this potential, Indonesia faces obstacle on human development in using
technology and the high unemployment that will inhibit economic growth in Indonesia. According to official
news statistic Number 33/05/Th. XV, Mei 7, 2012 of Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistcs, the unemployment
rate remains high in February 2012 reacher 7.6 million people [2]. A complete list of the data is shown by the
table 1 below:

Table 1. Unemployment Level. Population age above 15 years

According to highest educational attainment
2010-2012 (percent)

2010 2011 2012

Educational Level
February August February August February
Below Primary School 3.71 3.81 3.37 3.56 3.69
Junior High School 7.55 7.45 7.83 8.37 7.80
High School 11.90 11.90 12.17 10.66 10.43
Vacational School 13.81 11.87 10.00 10.43 9.51
Diploma I/II/III 15.71 12.78 11.59 7.16 7.50
University 14.24 11.92 9.95 8.02 6.95
Total 7.41 7.14 6.80 6.56 6.32
Courtesy: Central Bureau of Statistic 2012

The data in table 1 shows high number of unemployment. This requires a serious and fast management, because
it involves the survival of many people. This unemployment problem will result the increment of crininalism in
a country. This is ironic considering that Indonesia has high potential and high quality of natural resources and
demografi with high number of productive ages working in youth generation.

The solution that is being developed by government to hold an unemplyment problem is to cultivate new
entrepreneurs in Indonesia. It is also align with recent international study regarding to the role of
entrepreneurship as the driving force of national economy. The development of entrepreneurship has been
regarded as one of key factors for socio-economic growth because it provides millions of job, offering a variety
of consumption goods and services, and egenerally improving national prosperety and competitiveness [3].

With regard to the problem above, academics as a driving force of university should run Tri Dharma University
which consists of teaching and education, research and development and community service. Seeing that there
is potential wealth of natural resources and herbal plant that can be developed, hence civic academics in college
or university can consider a program to empower society through technopreneur based empowerment in
developing ecotourism through research, technology, and community training.

Ecotourism herbal village (NGPVilI) which integrate the civics academic effort by knowledge transfer by
invoving lecture and college student, bussinessman through CSR (corporate social responsibility) and the
government that contribute through empowering society’s self relliance and KUR program (Kredit Usaha
Rakyat or small society loans). This integrated program will encourage the creation of self-sustainable village
community in empowering society by establishing herbal village with ecotourism concept.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Technopreneurship

Technopreneurship which is derived from sentences ‘technology based entrepreneurship’ is a process and the
formation of new bussiness involving technology as its basic, hence it is expected that the creation of strategies
and innovations that can be put right later technology as one factor for national economy development. Since
Technology can be defined as the usage or knowledge of machinesm technique or methods to solve a problem
[4], so nusantara green pharmacy village (NGPVill) can also included into technopreneur, because NGPVill
program offers the management system which lead the society to solve their problem especially in utilization of
herbal plant.

Ecotourism

The definition of ecotourism was firstly introduced by The International Ecotourism Society is defined as
responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of
local people [5]. Ecotourism is a form of tourism traveling to natural areas that aims to conserving the
environment and preserving lives and welfare of local population. Initially, ecotourism carried by traveller who
want the tourist destination remains conserved and sustainable, as well as maintaining society culture and
welfare. Ecotourism development in forest areas able to ensure the sustainability of forest ecosystem.
Ecotravelers want to guarantee quality and ecosystem conservation. Hence there are some principles of
ecotourism development that should be fulfilled. If these principles are implemented, then ecotourism ensures
ecological friendly development of community based development. There are eight principles of ecotourism [6],
which are noted below:

1) Preventing and mitigating the impact of tourist activities on nature and culture, the prevention and
mitigation are tailored with the characteristic of nature and culture.
2) Environmental conservation education. Educating tourist and local communities about the importance
of conservation. This education process can be performed directly in nature.
3) Direct revenue for the region. Adjust the areas to become suitable for ecotourism and management of
conservation area can receive direct income or revenue. Conservation tax can be used directly to
build, preserve, and improve the quality of area conservation.
4) Public participation in planning. Public is invited to plan the development of ecotourism. Similarly, in
the control, the role of community are expected to participate actively.
5) Income communities. The tangible benefit towards local economy that is gained from ecotourism will
support society to preserve natural areas
6) Maintaining harmony with nature. All development efforts including development facility and utility
should keep the harmony with nature.
7) Carrying capacity of environment. Generally, the natural environment has a lower carrying capacity
with the carrying capacity of artificial area. Although there would be high demand, but the carrying
capacity limits it.
8) Income opportunity on large portion of the state. If a conservation area is developed for ecotourism,
hence the tourist shopping is supported, and it will be enjoyed by state or local government.

Village Tourism

Village tourism is a form of integration between attractions, accommodation and support facilities are presented
in a structure of a society that blends with tradition and valid regulation. The development principle of village
tourism is one of the alternative tourism products that provides support for sustainable village development and
has management principles, those are using local community facilities and infrastructure, giving benefit to local
community, small-scaled to facilitate reciprocal relations with local community, involving the local community,
implementing village tourism product development.

The underlying criteria such as the provision of facilities and infrastructure owned by local society which able to
encourage community participation and ensuring access to physical resources is a stepping stone for the
development of village tourism. The local community has an effective role in decision making process about the
forms of tourism which uses environment and local residents obtain the appropriate revenue from tourism
activities. Encouraging the development of local entrepreneurship. In planning principles which urge to be
included in the "prelemenay, planning" are although it is in tourism area not all of the environmental zones
should have tourist attraction and the potential for village tourism depends on the local people willingness to be
creative, innovative, and cooperative [7].

Methods
This research is a descriptive research (descriptive research) with a qualitative approach, the research procedures
that produce descriptive data in form of written words of the people and supported by literature or literary study
by the deepening of the literature in the form of data and figures , so that reality can be understood [8]. This
study is designed to analyze the problem solving of unemploymenet and poverty in Indonesia through local
economic potential with the development of entrepreneurship in sustainable ecotourism village NGPVill, the
integrated ecotourism program. In the problem analysis process, the author tries to draw each core of any
problems that are adjusted into area of study to be concluded later in finding the solution. The solution of this
descriptive study is an integrated model NGPVill local dbased development that can be applied in various
regions in Indonesia based on the identification of potential areas.

Types of data that used by the authors in this paper is a secondary data. Secondary data is data obtained from the
second parties such as journals, books, outlook, internet sites and books that discuss the development of creative
young entrepreneurs and deepening of the discussion. Data collection techniques that used are literature studies,
it is done by studying and analyzing some literatures related to the subject matter.

Once the data has been collected, it is followed by data processing. Relevant data will be used as a reference in
the discussion. After processing the data, the next is analysis and data interpretation. The result of data analysis
are interpreted or inferred to answer the whole problem under study. In order to obtain the scientific truth, the
analysis in this study is done by considering several stages of stage presentation of evidence or facts (skeptics),
pay attention to relevant issues (analytic), and objectively considering the stage for logical thinking (criticism)
[9].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Result

Sustainable business with ecotourism village concept would give "Trickle Down Effect" for the community both
in terms of economic and environmental sustainability. This work is done in synergy with the role of academics,
practitioners, regional government and community leaders in developing Nusantara Village Green Pharmacy
(NGPVill) through "Herbal Technopreneurship Program" communty-based development that will optimize the
local potential of herbs becoming have additional value being added and sustainable joint ventures.

The integration of various existing stakeholder in the development of Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village
(NGPVill) is needed to achieve the goals. Model Nusantara Village Green Pharmacy (NGPVill) will be
described in the following models by author :

Figure 1. NGPVill Model

Stakeholders who play a role in the Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) are as follows, University as
an educational institution in developing quality of human resources has students, teachers, researchers, facilities
and community empowerment programs, this is being synchronized by program called Nusantara Green
Pharmacy Village (NGPVill). Academician and practice sector have a role in terms of, 1) research and
development (R & D) about methods of planting herbs, plant seeds of innovation, and management product. 2)
technology transfer from civic academic and practitioners in the processing of herbal plants into economically
valuable products and efficient in producing.

Local Government, which includes a role in stimulating program, regulation role, in the form of policy making
to support this program as village empowerment and environmental conservation which are integrated by
NGPVill program. Allocation role, in the form of distribution of scarce resources in this matter expertise,
infrastructure, support capital KUR (small loans) and a few other things.

Students role, as an agent of change student has a strategic position in the social order which is applicable in
society because students have knowledge and high sensitivity. In Nusantara Village Green Pharmacy (NGPVill)
role of student is program facilitator program and as program participants who joined the society. This dual role
will be done by the students according to their interests. Students will be divided into two, one facilitator and
one as an empowerment program participants, it is done so that the knowledge transfer feel in education and
training continues.

Community Support. The Successfulness of Nusantara Village Green Pharmacy program (NGPVill) is
determined by a huge community participation and community figure in the area that will be made as herbal
village. Therefore, synergy and communication should continue to run concurrently. The last stage is
implementation herbal technopreneurship program. This program is spearheading of the implementation of the
implementation Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) that have a role in synergize all relevant
stakeholders to identify local potential, entrepreneurship education, technology transfer, training, planting and
processing herbs.

Outcomes of Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) is the creation of eco-tourism village that offers
products herbs in form of goods, services and tourism education in community activities in the cultivation and
processing of herbal plant as the integration of program Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill). A
benefit of Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) is going to reduce unemployment and poverty because
(NGPVill) gives effects in the field of public economics, knowledge and environmental conservation. In the
field of sustainable economy, NGPVill will increase economic activity and entrepreneurship communities
because of goods, services and tourism that become the value to be optimized. NGPVill program will also
enhance public knowledge in the cultivation and processing of herbal plants to become products. Economic
value and educational value then will increase public participation in environmental conservation.

DISUCUSSION

Indonesia has an important role in global biodiversity. Indonesia is placed as one of ten countries with richest
biodiversity, Indonesia also is called as Megadiversity Country. Indonesia as Megadiversity Country is proven
by several facts that Indonesia has 35 specias of primate which raked as fourth ranking in the world, besides
Indonesia also has the 1400 species of freshwater fish Another fact says that In term of plant diveristy, Indonesia
ranks fifth in the world, with more than 38.000 species (55% endemic). With 477 species, palm diversity in
Indonesia ranks first in the world. In Indonesia also there are community forests which managed by
communities through agroforestry such as resin tree garden in Lampung, mixed rubber gardn in Jambi and south
Sumatra, tengkawang (ellips nuts) and fruit, and mixed durian gardens in West Kalimantan and also cinnamon
gardens in West Sumatra and Jambi. Then the whole areas in Java and Kalimantan have superior hers that are
beneficial to health and high value such as ginger, turmeric, cumin, and many more. It should be optimized
bussiness opportunuty that implies to multiplier effect for Indonesian people [10].

Indonesia’s extraordinary potential is lying in plants diversity. This siversity should be optimized to create
benefits and make the "Trickle Down Effect” for Indonesian people who most rely on his work as a farmer with
low income resulting the poverty. An attempts to optimize this potential is through the integrated role between
academics at universities, practitioners and government to create a joint program to provide added value to
medicinal plants as a sustainable business for the community.University through Tri Dharma University must
conduct teaching and education, research and community empowerment. Towards an ideal fit university college
Tri Dharma can not only be done in an exclusive on-campus course but had to go into the community directly.

University trough Tri Dharma University must conduct education and teaching, research and community
empowerment. Towards an ideal fit university college Tri Dharma cannot only be done in an exclusive on-
campus course but had to go into the community directly. University encourage academic institutions in the
faculty, researchers and students to work together research and dedication to the community to work together to
build NGPVill. Practitioners who have a business side, the technology is ready for use and the Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) has been supporting the program shall in community service and creating sustainable
communities through NGPVill independent. Practitioner role here is very important because to balancing the
role of academics and develop the theory and implementation of a knowledge management and the development
of ecotourism based NGPVill that empowers people.
Government involvement in development of NGPVill is needed, especially through good management
autonomy enforcement through the principles of democracy, good governance, which has become an indicator
of the success of the government on the run. The main role of the Government in the development of NGPVill is
becoming a stimulator, facilitator, and advocate that provide stimulation, challenge, and encouragement in the
development of NGPVill village-based ecotourism. The Government also participated actively by encouraging
people to participate in development NGPVill. Through instruction to head of village and stakeholders, they will
do the socialization about NGPVill to community to come together succeeding the program. Community
participation is the main thing in this NGPVill because the program is a joint effort in the form of sustainable of
eco-tourism village.

The implementation of NGPVill is startinf by strategic steps which are Herbal Technopreneurship Program.
This program is the core of student and community empowerment activity where all of involved stakeholders to
this all togerther, the implementatios are :

First stage is Identification of local potential, the firt step to start the program is the identification of herbal plant
potential which grow in alots of regions and this will be a program and the potential of herbal plant will grow
well in that region. This is done because NGPVill program is local potential based activity and the developing
process aimed to have higher value in terms of economy, education, and environmental conservation. In this
step, the role of civic academic and researcher is extremely needed because to see the potentials and the
potential of plants that grow well according to geographic position which will became the place of the program.
Then, the communication with society is the main thing because the initial information is get completely from
society.

Secind stage, Planting training and herbal plant management. The second step after identification is the training
of herbal plant planting for society is expected to give the further comprehension, and in this step also the
stakeholder in NGPVill doing the herbal plant processing training hence it will more economically and
medically valuable to make it as ready-prepared medicine for societies.

Third stage, Transfer technology. This transfer technology will be done by college student by referring to
research and studies of herbal plant management process ranging from pre, implementation and post herbal
plant harvest. College student will enhance society comprehension through this transfer technology.

Fourth stage is enterpreneurship education, the cultivation of knowledge and entrepreneurship skill is given to
society through business plan writing training, managerial, business analysis and business potential of NGPVill
formation. It is intended so that the public can optimize the economic potential and realize opportunities.

Fifth stage the establishment of ecotourism village, NGPVill. The nest step is establishing integrated and
sustainable ecotourism village. The establishment of Ecotourism village NGPVill is the integrated effort from
whole societies layers in related village for together successing this NGPVill. The step of establishment of
ecotourism village, there are some steos which are: organizing related human resources, the preparation of
facility and infrastructure, including the provision of herbal plant seeds , and also management system.
Socialization of ecotrourism design and concept. The establishment of ecotourism through society participation
actively.

The last stage is marketing strategy. Marketing strategy is done through marketing mix in which the marketing
optimization began from type and quality of creative product/service ranging from herbal plan creation with low
costs, place and the condition of village and also the promotion through media and online media that was helped
by college student.

CONCLUSION

The potential of natural resources in Indonesia is very abundant especially for herbal plant. Herbal plant should
be optimized for empowerment and prosperety of Indonesia civilization. It will be ironic if Indonesia still has a
huge number of unemployment and low economic level people. Hence, a strategy should be established and
technology transfer from stakeholder in triple helix (academician, bussiness and gernment) to less productive
society to optimize the potention of the herbal plants.

Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) Trough Young Technopreneurs Program is a solution in form of
integrated between triple heloz (academician, businessman and government) in empowering and transfering
technology through Young Technopreneurs in student and society so that it can raise locak potential of herbal
plant hence the village will be valuable in terms of economy, education, and environmental conservation with a
concept of ecotourism. The advantages of Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) is to reduce the
unemplyment rate and poverty by society economic activity.

In term of economy and sustainable effort, NGPVill will increase economic activity and entrepreneurship skill
because of goods, service, and tourism which can be optimized by bussiness. NGPVill program also will
increase the knowledge of society in term of herbal plant management hence it become a product. The
educational and economical value is then increase the society participation in environmental conservation.

RECOMMENDATION

Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) is established by the participation of triple helix stakeholder
(academician. Bussiness and government) and society, hence the village is change becoming community
development of ecotourism should be identified and the local potential of herbal plant in certain area can be
developed sustainability. Government support in small loan (KUR) is really important to stimulate this program
and coorporate social responsibility (CSR) from company should be distributed to this program which is
productive and sustainable.

IMPLICATION

Nusantara Green Pharmacy Village (NGPVill) can be changed into model of society empowerment in poverty
and unemployment alleviation program in village and governement program. For civic academic, according to
tri dharma, the point of society empowerment by NGPVill model is become the reference and annual routine
program. Bussinessman that own coorporate social responsibility (CSR) should have real and sustainable action
by joining NGPVill in their CSR program.

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