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Conjunctive Vav
The conjunctive vav (ְ )וis prefixed to a Hebrew word,
phrase, or clause for the following reasons:
To join a series of related nouns (translate “and”);
To join a series of alternative nouns (translate “or”);
To show contrast between clauses (translate “but”);
To introduce a new theme or idea (translate “now”);
To provide explanatory or circumstantial information
when introducing a clause (translate “and…”).
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Conjunctive Vav
Normally, a conjunctive vav is spelled with a vocal
sheva (ְ )וbefore most consonants; however, it can also
be spelled with other vowels in certain circumstances.
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Conjunctive Vav
The conjunctive vav is spelled according to the
exception for the 1st Rule of Sheva (two shevas can’t be
together at the beginning of a word).
When the conjunctive vav precedes a yod sheva (ְ)י,
the vav is spelled with a hireq (ְ)ו.
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Conjunctive Vav
The conjunctive vav is spelled according to the 2nd Rule
of Sheva in the presence of a hateph vowel.
The vav is spelled with the corresponding short
vowel of the hateph vowel.
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Conjunctive Vav
The conjunctive vav is spelled with a shureq (ְ )וbefore:
The consonants (labials) בor מor ( פBuMP rule);
Words beginning with a vocal sheva.
שם
ֵׂ ְוב and by a name
ְומלכי צֶדֶ ק and Melchizedek
ָך
ְ ְֶופְָי אדמָת and the fruit of your land
שלם
ָ ְובחֻצוְת יָ ְו and in the streets of Jerusalem
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Conjunctive Vav
The conjunctive vav may, but is not always, spelled
with a qamets before single syllable words and certain
words that are accented on the first syllable.
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Conjunctive Vav
Some grammars make a distinction between the functions
previously mentioned and call the conjunctive vav a:
Vav-conjunctive;
Vav-disjunctive;
Vav-consecutive (also called a vav-conversive or
reversing vav).
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Conjunctive Vav
A conjunctive vav is best translated and.
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Conjunctive Vav
Consecutive vavs are attached to verbs.
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Conjunctive Vav
Consecutive vavs are attached to verbs (cont.).
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Conjunctive Vav
A consecutive vav also means and or but (like the
conjunctive or disjunctive vavs do); however, the
consecutive vav also links a string of events so that the
action of a verb is the consequence of the preceding
event.
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Conjunctive Vav
Now let’s see how the different kinds of conjunctive
vavs are used in historical narrative in Genesis 31:17-22.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:17
ְויָקָם יעֲקב
And/then (vav-consectutive) Jacob rose up
ליםְ׃
ְ שיו על הגמ
ָ ָ ְואֶת ְנ
and (vav-conjunctive) his wives on the camels.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:18
ְוינהג אֶת כָל־מקנ ֵׂה ְו
And (vav-consecutive) he carried away all his cattle
...ְשו
ְ ֻכ
ְ ְָואֶת־כָל־
and (vav-conjunctive) all his goods…
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:19
ְבן הָלךְ לגזז אֶת֪־צאנו
ְָ ְָול
But (vav-disjunctive) Laban went to shear his sheep;
ָביהָ׃
ְ שָ לא
ֶ ְֲותגנב ְָָחֵׂל אֶת התָָ פיםְ א
and (vav consecutive) Rachel had stolen the images/idols
which [were] her fathers.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:20
...ְויגנב יעֲקב אֵׂת֪־לֵׂב לָבָן הָאֲָמי
And (vav consecutive) Jacob stole away unknown to
Laban the Syrian.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:21
ְויבְָח ה ְוא
So (vav consecutive) he fled
ְשָ־לו
ֶ ְֲוכָל־א
and (vav-conjunctive) all that he had/was his;
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:21 (cont.)
ְויָקָם
and (vav consecutive) he rose up
ְָָויעֲבָ אֶת־הנָה
and (vav consecutive) passed over the river
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:21 (cont.)
עד׃
ָ שם אֶת־פָנ ָיו הָ הגל
ֶ ָ ְו ְי
and (vav consecutive) set his face [toward] the
mountains of Gilead.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 31:22
ְוי ֻגד ללָבָן ב ְיוְם השלישי כי בְָָח יעֲקב׃
And (vav consecutive) Laban was told on the third day
that Jacob had fled.
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Conjunctive Vav
Now let’s see how the different kinds of conjunctive
vavs are used in direct speech in Genesis 3:2-4.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 3:1
ש הָ ְיָה
ְ ְָוה ְנ ָח
Now (vav-conjunctive) the serpent was
...שה יה ְו ָה
ָ ָשָ ע
ֶ שדֶ ה א
ָ עָָ ְום מכל ה ְית ה
more cunning than any beast of the field which
Yehovah had made.
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 3:2
...ש
ְ ָשה אֶל־ה ְנ ָח
ָ ְותאמֶָ הָא
And (vav consecutive) the woman said to the serpent…
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 3:3
...שָ בתוְךְ־ה ְג ָן
ֶ ֲָי הָעֵׂץ א
ְ ְומפ
“…but (vav-disjunctive; note BuMP rule) of the fruit of
the tree which is in the midst of the garden…”
פן־תמֻת ְון
ֶ ְְולא תגע ְו בו
“…and (vav-conjunctive b/c it’s part of a string of
negatives) neither shall you touch it lest you die.”
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Conjunctive Vav
Genesis 3:4
שה
ָ ש אֶל־הָא
ְ ְָויאמֶָ ה ְנ ָח
And (vav-consecutive) the serpent said to the woman,
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Conjunctive Vav
Biblical Hebrew A Compact Guide, Miles Van Pelt,
Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, copyright 2012.
Biblical Hebrew An Introductory Grammar, Page
H. Kelly, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company,
Grand Rapids, Michigan, copyright 1992.
Learning Biblical Hebrew A New Approach Using
Discourse Analysis, B.M. Rocine, Smyth & Helwys
Publishing, Inc., Macon, Georgia, copyright 2000.
Hebrew lessons compiled by: Beth C. Mehaffey
https://holyhiway.wordpress.com
Contact: betmeh2 at gmail.com
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