‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤل ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫‪GOLBAL MARITI ME DISTRESS AND SAFTY SYSTEM‬‬

‫‪GMDSS‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ‪Basic Concept‬‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻟﻺﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ GMDSS‬ﻁﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﻻﺱ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻓﺭﺼﺔ ﺃﻜﺒـﺭ ﻭﺃﻜﺜـﺭ ﺸـﻤﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ، Coast Station - CS‬ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻘﺎﺫ ‪ ، Rescue Control Station - RCS‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔـﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻏﺎﺜﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻗل ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻤﻜـﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻘـﺎﺫ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﻐﻁﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Search and rescue authorities ashore, as well as shipping in the immediate vicinity of the ship‬‬
‫‪in distress, will be rapidly alerted through satellite and terrestrial communications techniques toa‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪distress incident so that they can assist in a coordinated SAR operation with the minimum of delay‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤل ‪ GMDSS‬ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺅﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Receiving maritime safety information MSI , in navigation and meteorological warning‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺇﺒﺤﺎﺭ ‪ Sailing Area‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪Depend on sea area‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺁﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻭﺒﺈﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪Automatic watch for distress alerts .‬‬
‫* ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺸﻔﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﺭﺱ ‪ ، CW‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴـﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴـﺔ ‪ ، Digital selective call‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬـﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻰ ‪ ، Radio Telephone‬ﻭﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺃﻟﺯﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻀﺎﺒﻁ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ﻤﺅﻫل ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻤـل ﺘـﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻌـﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ، GOC - General Operator's Certification‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫‪ A1‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺒﻀﺎﺒﻁ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ﻤﺅﻫل ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ‪ROC - Restricted‬‬
‫‪.Operator's Certification‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺴـﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻓـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺴــﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤــﺔ ) ﺘــﺭﺩﺩ ﻋــﺎﻟﻰ}‪ – High Frequency{HF‬ﺘــﺭﺩ ﻤﺘﻭﺴــﻁ‬
‫}‪ – Medium Frequency {MF‬ﺘـﺭﺩﺩ ﻋـﺎﻟﻰ ﺠـﺩﹰﺍ }‪ ، ( Very High Frequency {VHF‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀـﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫‪DSC :‬‬ ‫‪Digital selective call‬‬
‫‪NBDP :‬‬ ‫‪Narrow band direct printing‬‬
‫‪INMARSAT :‬‬ ‫‪International maritime satellite‬‬
‫‪EPIRB :‬‬ ‫‪emergency position indicating radio beacon‬‬
‫‪NAVTEX :‬‬ ‫‪Navigation telex‬‬
‫‪EGC :‬‬ ‫‪Enhanced group call‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻹﻏﺎﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-1-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 .‫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ‬Sailing Area ‫ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺇﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬-6
Advantages Global Maritime for Distress and Safety System:
1] Messages are not affected by propagation conditions.
2] Ships can send Distress from all over the world.
3] There is secrecy for broadcasting messages.
4] Watches are keeping automatically by GMDSS sets.
5] Main Distress is sent from ship to land.
6] The carriage of sets on board vessels will depend upon ship’s sailing area.
7] There will be best quality, more speed in the communication system.

GMDSS Functions ‫* ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬

Distress Alert
SAR Communication
On Scene Communication
Locating Signals ( By EPIRB + SART )
MSI- Maritime Safety Information
General Radio Communication
Bridge to Bridge Communication
.‫ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬-1
.‫ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬-2
.‫ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬-3
.‫ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬-4
.‫ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬-5
.‫ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬-6
.‫ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬-7

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬

Satellite
INMARSAT - A or B ‫ﺃ – ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬، ‫ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ‬، ‫ ﺇﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬، ‫ ﺘﻠﻜﺱ‬، ‫ﻫﺎﺘﻑ‬
INMARSAT - C ‫ﺏ– ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺇﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬، ‫ﺘﻠﻜﺱ‬
INMARSAT - E ‫ﺝ– ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
EPIRB ( 1.6 GHZ )
Terrestrial
Main System : ‫– ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬1
.‫ﺃ – ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻰ‬
" HF – VHF – MF " ‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻯ‬
.‫ﺏ– ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ‬
" HF – VHF – MF " ‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻯ‬
NBDP ‫ﺝ– ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻯ‬
" HF " ‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻯ‬

Sub System : ‫ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬-2

INMARSAT - EGC ‫ﺃ – ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ .NAVTEX ‫ﺃ – ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬
COSPAS / SARSAT ‫ﺏ– ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ .SART ‫ﺏ– ﻤﺭﺸﺩ ﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻰ‬
EPIRB ( 406 MHZ ) .‫ﺝ– ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ‬
Portable Two Way VHF
( ‫ ﺠﻴﺠﺎﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬9 ) ‫ ﺴﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺭ‬3 ‫ﺩ– ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻼﺤﻰ‬

-2-

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻐﻁﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺒﺄﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻫﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫‪This system works through dividing the seas and the oceans around the world into 4 areas that‬‬
‫‪covers all frequency bands around the world with devices designed to work in all bands according‬‬
‫‪to ship distance (with miles) from the nearest costal station. The four areas are:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪: A 1‬‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ‪ 30‬ﻤﻴل ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ) ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ‪( V H F‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪: A 2‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭﻤﻥ ‪ 30‬ﻤﻴل ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ‪ 150‬ﻤﻴل ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ) ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ‪.( M F‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪: A 3‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ INMARSAT‬ﻓﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺨﻁـﻰ ﻋـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺠﻨﻭﺒـﹰﺎ ) ﺃﻱ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺒﻴﺔ (‪.‬‬
‫ْ‪ 70‬ﺸﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ‪: A 4‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪. A1 , A 2 , A3‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻤل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺒﺤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺇﺒﺤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﻁﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻹﺒﺤﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫‪A4‬‬ ‫‪A3‬‬ ‫‪A2‬‬ ‫‪A1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ ‪ VHF‬ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨـﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪. DSC‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ‪ MF‬ﻤـﺯﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺨﺎﺼـﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨـﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪. DSC‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ‪ /‬ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ‪ MF / HF‬ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪ DSC‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻜﺱ ‪NBDP‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ) ﻁﺭﺍﺯ ‪ A‬ﺃﻭ ﻁﺭﺍﺯ ‪. ( C‬‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﻤﺭﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ‪. SATELLITE EPIRB‬‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ‪. NAV TEX‬‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 2182‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‪.‬‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﻴﻥ ‪. EGC‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ‪ HF‬ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪2-1‬‬ ‫‪ -10‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ‪ ) SART‬ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ – ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ (‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪3-2‬‬ ‫‪ -11‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ -12‬ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫‪-3-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫* ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟـ ‪ NAV TEX‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪. A 2 ، A 1‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ EGC‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ NAV TEX‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ A 4‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓـﻰ ﺤﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪. HF NBDP - Narrow Band Direct Printing‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ A 3‬ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ A 2‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ " 2 " -‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺘﺎﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ " 2 " -‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫× ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺩ " ﺃ " ﺃﻭ " ﺏ " ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﺘﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ‪. MSI RECEIVER‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ A 4‬ﻴﻌﻤل ﻤﺭﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ‪ EPIRB‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 406‬ﻤﻴﺠﺎﻫﺭﺘﺯ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ ﺍﻟــ‬
‫‪. COSPAS-SARSAT‬‬

‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻭﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬

‫‪GMDSS Signals Cases Types‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ -‬ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ‪Distress Signal :‬‬
‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪Mayday‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺨﻁﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺨﻁﺭ ﻭﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Vessel is in imminent danger or life of person on board in danger, need immediate help‬‬
‫‪Fire or Explosion‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪Flooding‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻹﻤﺘﻼﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪Collision‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪Grounding‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺸﺤﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻤﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺨﻁﺭ ﺇﻨﻘﻼﺏ‪Listing or Capsizing danger .‬‬
‫‪Sinking‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﻏﺭﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪Disable and Adrift‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Undesignated distress‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺨﻁﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪A bonding ship‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﺘﺭﻙ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Man over board‬‬ ‫‪ -10‬ﻏﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪Piracy‬‬ ‫‪ -11‬ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪-4-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺠﻠﺔ ‪Urgency :‬‬
‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪Pan Pan‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺎﺠﻠﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ‪Vessel has urgent message to sen t:‬‬
‫‪Sick person on board need medical help‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻤﺭﻴﺽ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Lick or shortage of fuel , food , …ext.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺘﺴﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ …ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪Need towing‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻁـﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻁـﺭ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻁﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪Part of ship in danger‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺨﻁﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹰﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ‪Safety :‬‬
‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪Securite‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻬﺩﺩ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ‪A danger threatened safety of navigation:‬‬
‫‪Wreckage‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺤﻁﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪Gunfire Training‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺫﺨﺎﺌﺭ ﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Distinguish Light House‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻋﻁل ﺒﻔﻨﺎﺭ ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Drifted Buoys‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺘﺴﻭﻴﺢ ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cyclone – Storm – Hurricanes – Tornado‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺇﻋﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪Fog‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﻀﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪Tow of tugs etc.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ice Berg‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺠﺒل ﺜﻠﺞ ﻋﺎﺌﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪New Light House‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﻓﻨﺎﺭ ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌ ﹰﺎ – ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪Routine Signals :‬‬
‫ﺘﺸﻤل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ( ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺒﺤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﺴـﻠﻜﻰ ‪ ، RT– Radio Telephone‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟـﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺭﻯ ‪ TELEX‬ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻺﺘـﺼﺎﻻﺕ – ‪ITU‬‬
‫‪ ، International Telecommunication Union‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ INMARSAT‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪-5-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ – ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ‪Terrestrial :‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ‪Radio Telephony – RT :‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟـﺴﻔـﻥ ﻭﺸـﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺘـﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩ ‪ :‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻁﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺴـﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺸـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : VHF‬ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ‪ 16‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 156.8‬ﻤﻴﺠﺎﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬
‫‪ : MF‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 2182‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬
‫ـﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪12290 -‬‬
‫ـﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 8219 -‬ﻜﻴﻠـ‬
‫ـﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 6215 -‬ﻜﻴﻠـ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ) ‪ 4125‬ﻜﻴﻠـ‬ ‫‪HF‬‬
‫ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 16420 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ (‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪DSC - Digital Selective Calling :‬‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪..‬‬
‫ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪ -‬ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪ -‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻔﻥ ) ﻓﻰ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ( ‪ -‬ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻤﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤل ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪ -‬ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ GMDSS‬ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻻﺴـﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻤـل ﺒﺨﺎﺼـﻴﺔ ‪DSC‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻟﺯﺍﻤﻲ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻤﺎﺸﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟـﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪.GMDSS‬‬
‫ﺼﻤﻤﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪ DSC‬ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴـﺏ ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﺒﺈﺭﺴـﺎل ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﺴﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫* ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ DSC‬ﻁﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻹﺒﺤﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ( ‪ VHF‬ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪: DSC‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ ) A1‬ﻤﻥ ‪ 20‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ 30‬ﻤﻴل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤل ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ‪ 70‬ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ DSC‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 156,525‬ﻤﻴﺠﺎ ﻫﺭﺘﺯ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪WATCHING KEEPINGRECIVER‬‬
‫‪ ، W.K.R‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﻪ ﻏﻠﻘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺨﺎﺼﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻲ ‪DSC- DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALL‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ DISTRESS‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪ 4‬ﺙ ﻭﻴﺭﺴل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

‫‪-6-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ) ﺤﺭﻴﻕ – ﺍﻨﻔﺠﺎﺭ – ﺘﺭﻙ ‪ .....‬ﺇﻟﺦ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ‪ DSC‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻭﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﻪ ( ‪ MF + HF‬ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪: DSC‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺴل ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ‪ ) MF + HF‬ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﻪ ( ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺴل‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ‪ MF‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 2187,5‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭ ﻫﺭﺘﺯ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ، DSC‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻓﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ HF‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ، DSC‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 2187.5 : MF‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬
‫‪ 4207.5 : HF‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‪ 6312 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 8414.2 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 12577 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪16804.5 -‬‬
‫ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 22376 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ‪MARINE TELEX :‬‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻜﺱ ) ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘـﺏ (‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ‪ ، MF‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ( ‪ ، HF‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ‪- NBDP‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﻯ ﻟﻜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ Narrow Band Direct Printing‬ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻓـﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻗـﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀـﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﻜﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻕ ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺸﻭﻴﺵ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺎﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ‪ MF‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ‪ HF‬ﺒﻬﻡ ﻭﻟﺘﻼﻓـﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﻁـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘـﻰ ﻗـﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻭﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺴل ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻴـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘـﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻁـﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴل ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﻨﻅـﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨـﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺭﺴـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﺩﺩ ‪ 6‬ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫‪1] It a coastal [Terrestrial] transmission & available in Marine Telex bands [MF + HF].‬‬
‫‪2] It is called [NBDP] Narrow Band Direct Printing.‬‬
‫‪3] Performs error and correct duties, Gives certain modes for errors as (ARQ - FEC), Sends‬‬
‫‪and receives A/B [Answer Back] information Automatic using Store and Forward‬‬
‫‪Mode, or Direct Call.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 2174.5 : MF‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬
‫‪ 4177.5 : HF‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 6268 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 8376.5-‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 12520 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪16695 -‬‬
‫ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ 19680.5 -‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ " ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ "‪INMARSAT Communication‬‬

‫‪1- INMARSAT Equipment‬‬
‫ﻻ ‪ 70 ،‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺠﻨﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻴﻐﻁﻰ ﻜل‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﻰ ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ‪ 70‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺸﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻗﻤﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 36000‬ﻜﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪-7-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪SHIP EARTH STATIONS‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Space segment‬‬
‫‪B – C - G - E – F - M - Mm‬‬ ‫‪EARTH STATIONS‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﻴﻐﻁﻰ ﻜل ﻗﻤﺭ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬

‫‪OPERATION CONTROL‬‬
‫‪COAST EARTH STATIONS‬‬
‫‪CENTER‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬
‫‪NETWORK CO-ORDINATION STATION‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫‪INMARSAT - C -1‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻻ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻜﺱ ) ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻰ ( ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪. DSC‬‬
‫‪INMARSAT-B -2‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺘﻠﻜﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫) ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ‪. DSC‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹰﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ‪Sub System :‬‬

‫‪1 - Search and Rescue Radar Transponder : SART‬‬
‫ﺼﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ‪ SART‬ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ‬
‫‪.It is used to locate [Determine-Home] the position of survival craft .‬‬
‫ﻨﺼﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﻻﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 500‬ﻁﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻨﻬﺎ ﻋـﺩﺩ ‪ 2‬ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻰ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ‪ 500‬ﻁﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪Vessels more than 500 tons must carry two sets and Vessels less than 500 Tons must carry one‬‬
‫‪set.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻁﺎﺭﺌﺔ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺈﺨﻼﺀ ) ﺘﺭﻙ ( ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﻀـﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴـﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻠﻔـﻴﻥ‬
‫) ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺨﻼﺀ ( ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ) ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟـﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﺔ ( ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ) ‪ ( 1‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺤـﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻜﻔـﺄ ﺘـﺸﻐﻴل‬
‫) ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻪ (‪.‬‬
‫‪It must be tied up 1 M over sea surface to be activated well by ship’s radar‬‬

‫‪-8-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ‪ STAND BY‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺠﺎﻫﺯ ﻟﻠﻌﻤل ﺁﻟﻴﹰﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻴـﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻓﻘـﻁ ﻟﻨﺒـﻀﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻥ ‪ 5‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 8‬ﻭﻗﺩ ‪j‬ﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 12‬ﻤﻴل ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ( ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 9‬ﺠﻴﺠـﺎﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ‪ ) Band - X‬ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 3‬ﺴﻡ (‪.‬‬
‫‪It activates when receive an emission from vessels in range about 5 - 8 - 12 NM, When it‬‬
‫‪activates, it will began to sent emission on 9GHZ- 3 cm [X - Band] auto.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻟﻨﺒﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻔﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﻓﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫) ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ( ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 12‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 20‬ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺘﺘـﺼل‬
‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻴل ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪This emission appears on the screen of that vessel as 12-20 plotted dot, changes to arc at 1 NM,‬‬
‫‪then as a circle at less than one mile.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻓﺴﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺌﻴـﺔ ﺼـﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪Survivals in survival craft can see (Flash) and hear (audio alarm) from SART indicating that a‬‬
‫‪ship received their distress alert‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ( ‪It activates as stand by for 96 hours and 8 hours for emission :‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ‪ 2‬ﺠﺯﺀ ؛ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻺﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ‪ 96‬ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺠـﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻰ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻓﻭﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ) ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻗـﻑ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـل ﻓـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻨﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺤﺘﻰ ‪ 8‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ‪ 400‬ﻤﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ‪. Its power is about 400 MW or more‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ 5 – 3‬ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬

‫)‪2- Emergency Positioning Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ ، 121 ,5‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 406‬ﻤﻴﺠﺎ ﻫﺭﺘﺯ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ INMARSAT or Cospas-sar sat‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 48‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪ON – OFF – READY – TEST :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﻀﻊ ‪ READY‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺒﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ‪ ON‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺸﻰ ﻭﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﺼل ﺫﺍﺘﻰ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻏﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻔﻭ ﺃﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓﺇﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻜل ) ‪ ( 5‬ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪3- NAVITEX RECEIVER‬‬

‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 518‬ﻙ ﻫﻴﺭﺘﺯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ‬

‫‪-9-‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺫﻭ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ ‪4- Portable Two Ways VHF‬‬
‫ﻨﺼﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﻻﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 500‬ﻁﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ‪ 3‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﻭل ‪ ، Portable Two Ways VHF‬ﻓﻰ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ‪ 500‬ﻁﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪.Portable Two Ways VHF‬‬
‫‪Vessels more than 500 tons must carry three “ 3 ” sets and Vessels less than 500 Tons must‬‬
‫‪carry two “ 2 ” set.‬‬
‫* ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ‪Used For :‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﺴﺭﺡ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‪On scene comm. in case of Distress .‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻨﻘﺎﺫ‪.‬‬
‫‪In case of Distress, Between survival craft and rescue vessel.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﻤﺸﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻤﺸﻰ‪For bridge to bridge communication..‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺸﻰ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﺎﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺏ … ﺇﻟﺦ (‪During ship maneuvering..‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ 156.8 ) 16‬ﻤﻴﺠﺎﻫﺭﺘﺯ (‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ‪.VHF‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﻜﻰ ‪ ) DSC‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺙ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ‪ 70‬ﺩﻭﻟﻰ " ‪ 156.525‬ﻤﻴﺠﺎﻫﺭﺘﺯ " (‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪.waterproof‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪ :‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ‪ 2.5‬ﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﻴﺼل ﻤﻥ ‪ 8 – 5‬ﻤﻴل ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ " ‪ " 1‬ﻭﺍﺕ ﺤﻔﺎﻅﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻥ ‪ 3 – 2‬ﻤﻴل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪ :‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﺩﺩ ‪ 2‬ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃ – ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﻴﻜل ﻜﺎﺩﻴﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺸﺤﻨﻬﺎ ) ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻴﺼل ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ‪ 14‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺘﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 8 – 6‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼل‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺜﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ‪ :‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻥ ) ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ( ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻘﺎﻟﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻰ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ) ﻤﻤﺸﻰ ( ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺨﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪ 12 – 10‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﺼل ) ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ( ﻤﻊ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻔﺎﻅﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫‪- 10 -‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫* ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ‪how to send distress signals‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫‪ COAST STATION‬ﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ ‪ CORDINATION CENTER RESCUE RCC‬ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﻩ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ‪ GMDSS‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﺸﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ‪) :‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﺭﻙ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺘﻴﻪ (‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻷﻗﺭﺏ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪VHF-DSC‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬
‫‪ 70‬ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ GPS‬ﻭﻜﻭﺩ ﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ )‪(ID-ADRESS‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻷﻗﺭﺏ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪MF-HF DSC‬ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩ ‪ 2187,5‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭ ﻫﺭﺘﺯ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ INMARSAT-C‬ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﺭ‬
‫‪ DISTRESS‬ﻟﻤﺩﻩ ‪ 4‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﺘﻭﺼﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ EPIRB‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ‪ ON‬ﻭﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀﻩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ‪.READY‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﺃﻨﺯﺍل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ GHZ-SART9‬ﻤﻊ ﻟﻨﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ ‪1‬ﻤﺘﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ‪ ON‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻔﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻨﺒﻀﺎﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫× ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Distress Signal‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ ﻟﻺﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪Distress Call‬‬ ‫ﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪Distress Call‬‬ ‫ﺃ – ﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬
‫) ‪Ship ID ( ID NO. – Call Singe‬‬ ‫ﺏ– ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫) ‪Ship Position ( Late & Long‬‬ ‫ﺝ– ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪Distress Message‬‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪Type of Distress Call‬‬ ‫ﺃ – ﻨﻭﻉ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﺎﺜﺔ‬
‫‪Assistance Requested‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫‪Information Help Rescue‬‬ ‫ﺝ– ﺃﻯ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬

‫‪- 11 -‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬