Solución control 3

𝑚
1) √−𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠

∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒:

𝑚
√−𝑥 = 𝑏, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟:
−𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑚
𝑦𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑚 = 2𝑛, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒:

2𝑛
√−𝑥 = 𝑏 ↔ −𝑥 = 𝑏 2𝑛 ↔ −𝑥 ∙ −𝑥 ∙ −𝑥 ∙ … … ∙ −𝑥 = 𝑏
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑦
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎, 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑎 > 0 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∈ 𝑅.

∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒:

𝑚
√−𝑥 = 𝑏, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟:
−𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑚
𝑦𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑚 = 2𝑛 + 1, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒:

2𝑛+1
√−𝑥 = 𝑏 ↔ −𝑥 = 𝑏 2𝑛+1 ↔ −𝑥 ∙ −𝑥 ∙ −𝑥 ∙ … … ∙ −𝑥 = 𝑏
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑦
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 , 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 < 0, 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑏 > 0, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑏
∈ 𝑅. 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜.

2.- 4√7 − √28 + 6 √63

= 4 √7 − √7 ∙ 4 + 6 √9 ∙ 7

= 4√7 − (√7) ∙ (√4) + 6 (√9) ∙ (√7)

= 4√7 − 2√7 + 6 ∙ 3 ∙ √7

= 4√7 − 2√7 + 18 √7

= 20 √7
 4
3 8
3) √2 √3 ∙ √2√6

3 4 8
= √ √23 ∙ 3 ∙ √√22 ∙ 6

3 4 8
= √ √8 ∙ 3 ∙ √√4 ∙ 6

4∙3 8∙2
= √24 ∙ √24
12 16
= √24 ∙ √24
192
= √24(12+16)

192
= √2428

7
4)
√10 − √3

7 √10 + √3
= ∙
√10 − √3 √10 + √3

7 ∙ (√10 + √3)
=
√10 − √3 ∙ (√10 + √3)

7 ∙ √10 + 7√3
= 2 2
(√10) + √10 ∙ √3 − √3√10 − (√3)

7 ∙ √10 + 7√3
= 2 2
(√10) − (√3)

7 ∙ (√10 + √3)
=
10 − 3

7(√10 + √3)
=
7

= √10 + √3
 3+𝑥
5)
√2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 − 2

3+𝑥 √2𝑥 + 3 + √𝑥 − 2
= ∙
√2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 − 2 √2𝑥 + 3 + √𝑥 − 2

3 + 𝑥 (√2𝑥 + 3 + √𝑥 − 2)
=
√2𝑥 + 3 − √𝑥 − 2 ∙ (√2𝑥 + 3 + √𝑥 − 2)

3√2𝑥 + 3 + 3√𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥 √2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥√𝑥 − 2

= 2 2
(√2𝑥 + 3) ∙ +√2𝑥 + 3√𝑥 − 2 − √𝑥 − 2√2𝑥 + 3 − (√𝑥 − 2)

3√2𝑥 + 3 + 3√𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥 √2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥√𝑥 − 2

= 2 2
(√2𝑥 + 3) − (√𝑥 − 2)

3√2𝑥 + 3 + 3√𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥 √2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥√𝑥 − 2

=
2𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 + 2

3√2𝑥 + 3 + 3√𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥 √2𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥√𝑥 − 2

=
𝑥 +5

6) 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∙ 𝑟 2 ∙ ℎ
3 3
𝑟 = √9 𝑐𝑚𝑠 ; ℎ = √81 𝑐𝑚𝑠

3 2 3
𝑣 = 𝜋 ∙ ( √9) ∙ √81

Sea

3 2
(√9) = 4.327
3
√81 = 4.327

𝜋 = 3.14

Por lo tanto:

𝑣 = 3.14 ∙ 4.327 ∙ 4.327

𝑣 = 58.79 𝑐𝑚𝑠

el volumen de una lata cilíndrica de bebida es de ≈ 59 𝑐𝑚𝑠.