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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
for the
IRM-5000P
INSULATION-RESISTANCE METER
SAFETY SUMMARY
Only trained operators shall use the IRM-5000P. All devices under test shall be off line
and fully isolated.
Do not perform test procedures or service unless another person is also present who is
capable of rendering aid and resuscitation.
Due to the added risk of introducing additional or unknown hazards, do not install
substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the IRM-5000P. To ensure
that all designed safety features are maintained, it is recommended that all repairs be
performed only by Vanguard Instruments Company’s factory personnel or by an
authorized repair service center. Unauthorized modifications can cause serious safety
hazards and will nullify the manufacturer's warranty.
The area around the IRM-5000P’s charging circuits and test terminals must be kept
clean and dry to prevent high-voltage leakage paths, which can cause hazardous
conditions or erroneous measurements. Failure to heed these precautions may result in
unsafe operating conditions, cause erroneous test results and will void the Vanguard
Instruments Company’s warranty.
WARRANTY
The IRM-5000P’s warranty is valid only to the original purchaser. The IRM-5000P is
guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of only one
year. The warranty does not apply to normal wear or damage due to misuse, abuse,
improper storage, improper installation, accident, unauthorized repairs or alterations.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Table of Contents
Appendix A.................................................................................................................................... 38
Appendix B .................................................................................................................................... 39
Appendix C.................................................................................................................................... 40
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
List of Tables
Table 1.0 Serial Port Pin Assignments.......................................................................................... 7
Table 2.0 IRM-5000P Voltage Jumper Selections ........................................................................ 8
Table 3.0 IRM-5000P Cable set ..................................................................................................... 8
Table 4.0 IRM-5000P Controls and Displays .............................................................................. 10
Table 5.0 Insulation Resistance Test Procedure ........................................................................ 12
Table 6.0 Polarization Index (PI) Test Procedure ....................................................................... 18
Table 7.0 Step Voltage (SV) Test Procedure.............................................................................. 24
Table 8.0 Dielectric Discharge Test Procedure .......................................................................... 29
Table 9.0 Save Test Report In Memory....................................................................................... 33
Table 10.0 Print Test-report Directory Procedure ....................................................................... 33
Table 11.0 Recalling a Test Report ............................................................................................. 35
Table 12.0 Printing a Test Report................................................................................................ 35
Table 13.0 Printing a Graphic Report.......................................................................................... 36
Table 14.0 Delete a Test Report from Memory........................................................................... 36
Table 15.0 Putting the IRM-5000P under Computer Control...................................................... 37
Table 16.0 PI Ratio Table ............................................................................................................ 38
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
List of Figures
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MODEL IRM-5000P USER’S MANUAL
1.4 Voltmeter
The IRM-5000P will always display on the LCD screen the voltage at the test terminals.
Thus, the user can use the IRM-5000P as a voltmeter. Measurable voltage input
ranges from 50 to 1250 Volts, ac or dc.
1.5 Keypad
An alphanumeric keypad allows users to enter test identification numbers and control
functions.
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MODEL IRM-5000P USER’S MANUAL
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MODEL IRM-5000P USER’S MANUAL
WARNING
Do not touch the test probes of the IRM-5000P during testing. Failure to comply can
cause a lethal shock.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
SIZE 19 L by 15 W by 7 H (inches)
48.2 L by 38.2 W by 17.7 (cm)
HUM REJECTION 1 mA rms per 1 kV test voltage, not to exceed 2 mA rms max
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MODEL IRM-5000P USER’S MANUAL
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MODEL IRM-5000P USER’S MANUAL
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
5 Use DUT Temp option Select key “1” ENTER Temp (0-254°F)
°F
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
6 Enter DUT Temp Enter DUT Temp. PRINT DURING TEST?
Using key 0-9 1. YES 2. NO
then “ENTER” key
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
7 Do not print data during Select key “2” “ENTER” TO START
test R 5000 Volts 10 Min 85°F
(See note #5) TERMINAL VTG: 0V
8 Start Test! Select “ENTER” key Bat: --- Time: 09:39
Resistance: 983.8 M
Current: 47 uA
TEST VOLTAGE: 4997V
9 Test complete, view None Res=989.7M 4.87uA
results 4998V 0.00uF 10:00
10 View Equivalent Select “ENTER” key DUT Temp 85°F
Resistance @ 40°C EQ R@40°C : 476.1 M
TEST VOLTAGE: 0V
11 View Equivalent Select “ENTER” key DUT Temp 85°F
Resistance @ 20°C EQ R@20°C : 1.9046 G
TEST VOLTAGE: 0V
12 Print Test Report Select “ENTER” key PRINT REPORT?
1. YES 2. NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
13 Confirm Print Select key “1” PRINTING REPORT
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
14 Next screen Select “ENTER” key SAVE TEST ?
1. YES 2. NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
3 Res=989.7M 5.05 uA
4998V 0.00uF 10.00 5
TERMINAL VTG: 0V 6
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
4
5
6
7
10
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
4. Final test voltage is shown on the second line as FINAL TEST VOLTAGE: 4998V.
5. TEST CAPACITANCE displays the capacitance value, in micro-farads, of the device
under test measured during the discharging period. In the report, no capacitance was
detected, 0.00 uF.
6. The timed duration of the test is identified under TEST DURATION: 10:00 MIN.
7. The device under test temperature measured by an IR sensor is shown as D.U.T
TEMPERATURE: 85 °F.
8. Equivalent resistance value @ 20 °C and 40 °C are also shown as:
EQUIV RES @ 40 °C: 476.1M (Meg-ohm).
EQUIV RES @ 20 °C: 1.9046G (Gega-ohm).
9. The HUM Rejection is set for 60Hz.
10. The resistance readings at 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds and one minute
intervals are printed on the test results.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
5 No DUT temperature Select key “2” PRINT DURING TEST?
1. YES 2. NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
6 No print during test Select key “2” “ENTER” TO START
PI 1000 Volts 10 Min
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
7 Start test ! Select “ENTER” key Bat: --- Time: 09:39
Resistance: 1.6556 g
Current: 100.7 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 1000V
8 View Test Results None Res=4.5054 G PI=2.07
1000V 0.00uF 10:00
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
9 Print Test Report Select “ENTER” key PRINT REPORT?
1. YES 2. NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
10 Confirm Print Select key “1” PRINTING REPORT
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
11 Wait for report No action SAVE TEST?
1. YES 2. NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
12 Save Test Select key “1” TEST NUMBER 1
HAS BEEN SAVED!
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
13 Go to repeat test screen Select “ENTER” key REPEAT TEST
1. YES 2. NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
14 Select no repeat test Select key “2” 1. RUN TEST 06/13/03
2. UTILITIES 20:09:01
Bat ----
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
1 2
1. The battery capacity is shown on Bat: -------. Discharged battery is shown as a blank
battery symbol.
2. Remaining time of test is shown as Time: 9:39 (in minutes and seconds).
3. Current resistance value is shown as Resistance: 1.9305 G.
Resistance value symbols are defined as follows:
- T is for Tera-ohm.
- G is for Giga-ohm.
- M is for Meg-ohm.
- K is for Kilo-ohm.
4. Test current is shown as Current: 100.7 nA.
5. Test voltage is shown on line 4 as TEST VOLATGE: 1000V.
Res=4.5054 G PI=2.07
1000V 0.00uF 10:00 5
3
TERMINAL VTG: 0V 6
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MODEL IRM-5000P USER’S MANUAL
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
1. The time and date of the test are shown at the top of the test report.
2. The test record identification number is shown in the first box of the test report.
3. The Polarization Index Ratio is shown as PI: 2.07.
4. The final test voltage is shown as FINAL TEST VOLTAGE: 1000V.
5. The timed duration of the test is identified under TEST DURATION: 10:00 MIN.
6. The resistance value at 1 minute is shown as RES @ 1:00=2.1748 G (Giga-ohm).
7. The resistance value at 10 minutes is shown as RES @ 10:00= 4.5054 G (Giga-ohm).
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
A typical resistance versus time and current versus time plots for a PI test are shown in
Figures 12.0 and 13.0.
NOTE
The one minute marker is highlighted on both the resistance and the current plots.
.
Figure 12.0 PI Resistance Plot
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
5 Measure DUT Temp Select key “1” ENTER TEMP (0-254 F)
°F
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
6 Enter DUT temp of 89°F. Enter DUT temp. “ENTER” TO START
Using key 0-9 SV 2500V 5 Min 89°F
Then “ENTER” key TERMINAL VTG: 0V
7 Start test Select “ENTER” key Bat: --- Time: 04:39
Resistance: 98.04 M
Current: 50.1 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 499V
8 View test in progress None Bat: --- Time: 03:20
(Test voltage = 1000V) Resistance: 98.81 M
Current: 100.2 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 1000V
9 View test in progress Bat: --- Time: 02:10
(Test voltage = 1500V) Resistance: 98.95 M
Current: 150.0 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 1500V
10 View test in progress Bat: --- Time: 01:29
(Test voltage = 2000V) Resistance: 98.8 M
Current: 200.1 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 2000 V
11 View test in progress Bat: --- Time: 00:39
(Test voltage = 2500V) Resistance: 98.8 M
Current: 250.0 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 2499V
12 View Test Results None 98.04M @ 01:00, 500V
@ 1 minute 2499V 0.00F 05:00
13 View Test Results Select “ENTER” key 98.94M @ 02:00, 1001V
@ 2 minutes 2499V 0.00F..05:00
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
1. The battery capacity is shown as Bat: -------. Discharged battery is shown as a blank
battery symbol.
2. The remaining time for the test is shown as Time: 09:39 (in minutes and seconds).
3. The current resistance value is shown as Resistance: 98.9 M (Meg-ohm).
4. The test current is shown as Current: 0.243 nA.
6. The test voltage is shown on line 4 as TEST VOLATGE: 500V.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
NOTES
To view the next resistance reading, press the ENTER key.
Figure 15.0 displays the resistance reading at 501V, at the first minute time interval.
Figure 15.1 displays the resistance reading at 1001V, at the second minute time
interval.
Figure 15.2 displays the resistance reading at 1502V, at the third minute time interval.
Figure 15.3 displays the resistance reading at 2000V, at the fourth minute time interval.
Figure 15.4 displays the resistance reading at 2499V, at the fifth minute time interval.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
3
2
4
9
10
11
12
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
1. The time and date of the test are shown at the top of the test report.
2. The test record identification number is shown in the first box of the test report.
3. Resistance value tested at 500v in the first “one minute” is shown as:
AT 01:00, 501V, R=98.04 M.
4. Resistance value tested at 1000V in the second “one minute” is shown as:
AT 02:00, 1001V, R=98.94 M.
5. Resistance value tested at 1500V in the third “one minute” is shown as:
AT 01:00, 1502V, R=99.04 M.
6. Resistance value tested at 2000V in the fourth “one minute” is shown as:
AT 01:00, 2000V, R=99.02 M.
7. Resistance value tested at 2500V in the fifth “one minute” is shown as:
AT 01:00, 2499V, R=99.09 M.
8. The test capacitance of the device under test measured during discharge is shown
as: TEST CAPACITANCE: 0.00uF.
9. The timed length of the test is identified under TEST DURATION: 05:00 MIN.
10. The recorded DUT temperature is 89 °F.
11. The equivalent resistance value at 40 °C of final reading is 55.61 M.
12. The equivalent resistance value at 20 °C of final reading is 222.45 M.
Note
Test current increases as test voltage is increased.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
5 Measure DUT Select key “1” ENTER TEMP (0-254 °F)
Temperature °F
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
6 Enter DUT Temperature Enter DUT Temp “ENTER” TO START
of 80 °F Using key 0-9 DD 500 Volts 30 Min 80°F
then “ENTER” key TERMINAL VTG: 0V
7 Start Test! Select “ENTER” key Bat: --- Time: 30:00
Resistance: 2.1640 M
Current: 0.243 nA
TEST VOLTAGE: 503V
8 View Test Results None Res=2.1623 M DD=5.7
498V 3..95uF 30:00
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
9 View Test Results Select “ENTER” key D.U.T TEMP: 80°F
Next Screen EQ R @ 40°C: 858.2K
10 View Test Results Select “ENTER” key D.U.T TEMP: 80°F
Next Screen EQ R @ 20°C: 3.342M
11 Print Test Report Select “ENTER” key PRINT REPORT ?
1.YES 2.NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
12 Confirm Print Select key “1” PRINTING REPORT
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
13 Wait For Print Out None SAVE TEST ?
1.YES 2.NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
14 Save Test Select key “1” TEST NUMBER 4
HAS BEEN SAVED!
15 Go To Next Screen Select “ENTER” key REPEAT TEST ?
1.YES 2.NO
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
16 No Repeat Test Select “ENTER” key 1. RUN TEST 06/13/03
2. UTILITIES 20:09:01
Bat ----
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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Res=1.99M DD=4.7
100V 3.08uF 10:00
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
3 5
10
11
1. The time and date of the test are shown at the top of the test report.
2. The test record identification number is shown in the first box of the test report.
3. The DD Ratio is shown as DD RATIO: 5.7.
4. The discharged current after one minute is shown as I @ TEST+1:00= 12.24uA.
5. The final test voltage is shown as FINAL TEST VOLTAGE: 498V.
6. The capacitance value of the device under test, measured during discharge, is
shown as TEST CAPACITANCE: 3.95uF.
7. The test duration is identified under TEST DURATION: 30:00 MIN.
8. The final resistance value is 2.1623 M.
9. The recorded temperature of the DUT is 80 °F.
10. The equivalent resistance value @ 40°C is 858.2 K.
11. The equivalent resistance value @ 20°C is 3.4324 M.
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TERMINAL VTG: 0V
4 IRM-5000P confirm save None TEST NUMBER 4
HAS BEEN SAVED!
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
2 Select “SAVE/RES” Test Select key “2” 1. SAVE 2. RESTORE
3. ERASE 4. DIRECTORY
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
3 Select “RESTORE” Test Select key “2” RECALL TEST
NUMBER:
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
4 Enter test number Enter two digit test RECALL TEST
number NUMBER: XX
TERMINAL VOLTAGE
5 Confirm test number Select “ENTER” key RESTORING TEST: XX
6 Return to main menu Select “ENTER” key 1. RUN TEST 06/13/03
2. UTILITIES 21:10:01
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
2 Select Print Summary Test Select key “1” 1. PLOT R 2. PLOT I
3. PLOT R,I 4. SUMARY
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
3 Print Summary Select key “4” PRINT REPORT
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
2 Select “PRINT” test report Select key “1” 1. PLOT R 2. PLOT I
3. PLOT R,I 4. SUMARY
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
3 Plot Resistance vs time Select key “1” PRINT REPORT
curve
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
2 Select “SAVE/RES” Test Select key “2” 1. SAVE 2. RESTORE
3. ERASE 4. DIRECTORY
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
3 Select “ERASE” Test Select key “3” ERASE TEST
NUMBER:
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
4 Enter test number Enter two digit test ERASE TEST
number NUMBER: XX
TERMINAL VOLTAGE
5 Confirm erase command Select “ENTER” key ERASING TEST
PLEASE WAIT
6 Return to main menu Select “ENTER” key 1. RUN TEST 06/13/03
2. UTILITIES 21:10:01
TERMINAL VTG: 0V
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
NOTE
To return the IRM-5000P to the stand-alone mode, press the STOP key on the front
panel.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Appendix A
The Polarization Index (PI) number is derived from the ratio of the resistance value at
ten minutes to the resistance value reading at one minute. Since the resistance
readings are taken very closely in time, the temperature is virtually the same at both
resistance measurement times. Accordingly, the PI value is virtually free of any
temperature variation. For a typical insulation, the resistance value increases as time
increases during a test.
Notes
1. A resistance load, a load with low capacitance, such as short runs, the PI reading will
be satisfactory with the reading.
2. A dry, brittle insulation may show a good PI reading, but may fail under shock
condition.
3. Table 16.0 above, gives a rough guide to the condition of the insulation under test.
The user needs to consider the equipment’s history and the user’s own experience with
the equipment.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Appendix B
When a dielectric is subjected to a voltage gradient, some charge will slowly permeate
into the dielectric. The effect is referred to as Dielectric Absorption. Since the dielectric
is by intent, an insulator, one can imagine that the movement of these small charges
has a very long time constant. While virtually all dielectrics exhibit the effect to some
extent, poorer dielectrics or dielectrics that have undergone degradation will absorb
more charge.
The Dielectric Discharge test incorporated in the IRM-5000P has a standard test voltage
of 500V and a standard test time of 30 minutes. During the testing time some charge
migrates into the dielectric material under test, as described above. At the completion
of the 30 minute test, the insulation system is discharged to zero potential. At the zero
point, the absorbed charge will start to migrate out of the insulator’s dielectric. After
discharging the dielectric for one minute, the Dielectric Discharge current flow is
measured. As can be seen in the equation below, the Dielectric Discharge Ratio is
proportional to the current measured:
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Appendix C
When testing an insulation system, there may be times where the measured leakage
current is not necessarily a function of a poor insulation system, but rather of
contamination at the connection point, which allows leakage currents to flow along the
surface of the connection point. These readings can cause the test operator to
incorrectly assume that the insulation system under test has failed and must be
replaced.
To exclude these surface effects and get an accurate measurement of the insulation
system itself, it is often advisable to perform the Insulation Test with a guard terminal
attached as shown in the figure below.
Surface leakage currents, which may flow along the surface of the exposed wires, will
flow from the Positive HV Test lead to the Guard lead. These currents are not
measured by the IRM-5000P. The cable itself will also have some inherent leakage
current that will flow from the Positive HV lead, through the cable, and out the Negative
HV lead. The current that will be used for the Insulation Resistance measurements.
The guard terminal is at very nearly the same voltage potential as the Negative Test
lead. For the same reason, the guard connection should be positioned to avoid arcing
from the Positive Test lead. As shown in the illustration, by placing the guard near the
Negative Test lead, the risk of arching can be avoided.
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MODEL IRM-5000P INSTRUCTION MANUAL
www.vanguard-instruments.com
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