Fec Er Ind

INDEX - A
Indexp
1% flood, 10‑2 equation, basic, 60‑14 Adjugate, 3‑9

100 job cost, 60‑16 Adjusting traverse, 49‑7
year flood, 10‑2 principles, 60‑13 Administrative expense, 60‑16
year storm, 10‑2 principles, standard (ftn), 60‑14 Admiralty
15 minute passenger car equivalent flow process cost, 60‑17 bronze, 36‑5
rate, 48‑4 Accrual system (ftn), 60‑14 metal, 36‑5
18 kip ESAL, 52‑16 Accumulation, 4‑10 Admixture, concrete, 37‑4
1910 standards, 58‑1 ACI coefficients, analysis, 40‑1, 40‑2 Admixture, (see also type) lithium-based,
1926 standards, 58‑1 Acid 37‑4
2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD toxic equivalent, 17‑5 carbonic, 13‑3 Adsorbent, 14‑11
20/20 vision, 53‑6 -forming bacteria, 16‑8 Adsorption, 14‑1, 14‑11
3-log inactivation (tbl), 14‑21 haloacetic, 13‑8 carbon, 15‑6
3×3 matrix determinant, 3‑7 hydrochloric, 13‑7 exhaustion, 14‑12
350 NCHRP, 53‑7 hypochlorous, 13‑7 Advanced wastewater treatment, 15‑1
4-log inactivation (tbl), 14‑15 rain, 17‑3 Advantage
60-degree method, 19‑3 -splitting bacteria, 16‑8 mechanical, 24‑1
85th percentile driver behavior, 53‑5 sulfuric, 17‑3 pulley, 24‑1
90° triangle, 2‑12 -test ratio, 60‑15 Aerated
c2-distribution, critical values (tbl), 6‑28 Acidity, 13‑1, 13‑3 grit chamber, 15‑4
ACR, 37‑4 lagoon, 15‑3
A ACRS, 60‑9 Aeration, 14‑4
A Soil Primer, 52‑2 Act characteristics, 16‑2
AAR, 37‑4 Clean Air, 17‑1 period, 16‑5
AASHTO soil classification, 18‑1, 18‑5, 18‑7 fraudulent, 61‑5 power, 15‑3
Abrams’ strength law, 36‑11 Action tank, 16‑1, 16‑5
Absolute capillary, 7‑6 Aerobic
addressing, 59‑6 galvanic, 36‑14 digester, 16‑7
cell reference, 59‑6 level, 58‑6 digestion, 16‑1, 16‑7, 16‑8
column, 59‑6 line of, 3‑11 pond, 15‑3
dynamic viscosity, 7‑5 tort, 61‑5 Age
pressure, 7‑2 Activated BOD, sludge, 16‑4
row cell reference, 59‑6 carbon, 14‑11, 15‑6 hardening, 36‑5
viscosity, 7‑5 carbon, granular, 14‑11 hardening (ftn), 36‑4
Absorbed asphalt, 52‑9 sludge process, 16‑2 of receivable, average, 60‑16
Absorption factor, 14‑18 -sludge treatment (tbl), 16‑3 of the suspected solids, 16‑4
Abstraction initial, 10‑1 sludge, secondary clarifier, 16‑2 Agency, 61‑2
Accelerated cost recovery system, 60‑9 Activation energy, 35‑6, 36‑15 Agent, 61‑2
Acceleration, 27‑1 Active Aggregate, 52‑1, 52‑5
Cartesian, 27‑3 earth pressure, 20‑2 alkali reactivity, 37‑4
constant, 27‑1, 27‑3 earth pressure coefficient, 20‑4, 20‑5 angularity, 52‑11
constant angular, 27‑4 earth pressure distributions (fig), 20‑3 coarse, 37‑4, 52‑5
constant linear, 27‑3 earth pressure resultant, 20‑4 fine, 52‑5
non-constant, 27‑1, 27‑4 forces on retaining walls, 20‑5 size for asphalt pavement (tbl), 52‑3
non-constant, displacement, 27‑4 zone, 20‑5 Agitated
non-constant, velocity, 27‑4 Activity oil (fig), 36‑23
normal, 27‑7, 29‑9 -on-arc network, 54‑8 water (fig), 36‑22
of gravity, 1‑1 -on-arrow network, 54‑8 Agitator diameter, 14‑6
resultant, 27‑7 -on-node network, 54‑7 Agreement
tangential, 27‑7, 27‑9 Acuity legal, 61‑1
variable angular, 27‑5 recognition, 53‑6 letter of, 61‑1
Acceptance, 61‑1 visual, 53‑6 voluntary, 61‑1
testing, concrete, 37‑1, 37‑5 visual, center cone, 53‑6 Ahead
Acceptor level, 35‑6 Acute stationing, 50‑5
Access point, 48‑3 angle, 2‑11 tangent, 50‑1
Accident, 58‑1 hazard, 58‑4 AI, 59‑10
data, 53‑1 Add chain, 49‑3 Air
modeling, vehicle, 53‑4 Addition atmospheric, 16‑1, 16‑5
PDO, 53‑1 complex number, 3‑3 -entrained concrete, 37‑3
rate, 53‑2 polymer, 36‑7 injection, 14‑4
type, 53‑2 vector, 3‑12 pollutant, hazardous, 17‑2
Account Additive pollution, 17‑6
asset, 60‑14 concrete, 37‑4 Quality Index, 17‑5
ledger, 60‑14 pozzolanic, 37‑4 stripping, 14‑1, 14‑16, 15‑1, 15‑6
liability, 60‑14 Addressing temperature, mean annual, 52‑14
owners’ equity, 60‑14 absolute, 59‑6 voids, 52‑9
variance, 60‑17 relative, 59‑6 -water ratio, 14‑18
Accounting Adjacent Airborne survey, 49‑2
convention (ftn), 60‑14 angle, 2‑12 Alclad (ftn), 36‑5
cost, 60‑1, 60‑16 side, 2‑12 Aldehyde, 36‑8
Adjoint classical, 3‑9
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-2 F E C I V I L R E V I E W
Algae economic, engineering, 60‑1 Annum, rate per, 60‑8

growth, in water, 13‑5 incremental (see also Method), 60‑12 Anode, 36‑14, 36‑15
pretreatment, 14‑1, 14‑3 of anchored bulkheads, 21‑1, 21‑3 reaction, 36‑15
INDEX - A
Algicide, 14‑3 of braced excavations, 21‑1, 21‑3 Antiderivative, 4‑7

Algorithm, 59‑1 of columns, 44‑1, 44‑4 Antifriction ring, 24‑4
hashing, 59‑9 of flexible bulkheads, 21‑1, 21‑3 Apex, 27‑10
Alidade, 49‑4 present worth (see also Method), 60‑11 Apothem, 2‑20
Alignment charts (fig), 44‑3 productivity, 57‑1, 57‑9 Apparatus
Alkali rate of return (see also Method), 60‑12 Du Nouy, 7‑6
-aggregate reactivity, 37‑4 risk, 60‑13 Du Nouy (fig), 7‑6
-carbonate reaction, 37‑4 sensitivity, 60‑13 Apparent
-silica reaction, 37‑4 uncertainty, 60‑13 color, in water, 13‑6
Alkalinity, 13‑1, 13‑3, 13‑4 Analysis (see also type) specific gravity, 52‑8
All-red interval, 48‑9 accident data, 53‑1 Appearance, 36‑19
Alligator crack, 52‑6 elastic second-order, 39‑6 Application
Allochthonous material, 13‑6 first-order, 39‑6 point of, 3‑11
Allotrope, 36‑19 hydrograph, 10‑3 program, spreadsheet, 59‑6
Allotropic change, 36‑19 nonlinear second-order, 39‑6 Approach
Allowable period, 52‑16 problem-solving, 22‑1, 22‑6
bearing capacity, 19‑4 Analysis, (see also Method) Fourier, 5‑5 tangent, 50‑1
strength design, 43‑2 Ancestor node, 59‑9 velocity, 14-9
strength design (ASD), 37‑2 Anchor pull, 21‑3 velocity of, 9‑1
stress, 31‑9, 35‑11, 44‑4 Anchored Aquatic plant, 13‑6
stress design, 37‑2, 43‑2 bulkhead, 21‑1, 21‑3 Aquifer, 12‑1
stress design method, 35‑12 bulkhead, analysis, 21‑1, 21‑3 confined, 12‑1
stress method, 37‑2 bulkhead, design, 21‑1, 21‑3 free, 12‑1
Allowance trade-in, 60‑3 Andesite porphyry, 18‑2 unconfined, 12‑1
Alloy Andrade’s equation, 35‑18 well drawdown, 12‑4
aluminum, 36‑5 Angle, 2‑11 Arbitrary fixed axis, 29‑9
binary, 36‑16 acute, 2‑11 Arc, 54‑5
completely miscible, 36‑16 adjacent, 2‑12 length, 27‑9
copper, 36‑5 bearing (fig), 49‑6 Archimedes’ principle, 8‑6
eutectic, 36‑17 between lines, 2‑11 Architect, 61‑3
identification system, 36‑2 between two lines, 2‑3 Area
mixture, 36‑17 complementary, 2‑12 average end, 51‑4
nickel, 36‑5 cone-generating, 2‑4 by coordinates, 49‑9
numbering system, unified, 36‑2 deflection, 49‑7, 50‑4 by coordinates method, 49‑9
phase, 36‑17 explement, 49‑7 centroid, 4‑8
solid-solution, 36‑16 interior, 49‑7 centroid of, 25‑1, 25‑2
solution, 36‑17 internal friction, 18‑24 circular sector, 2‑19
Alloying intersection, 50‑1, 50‑2 circular segment, 2‑18
ingredient, steel, 36‑2 measurement, equipment and methods, effective net, 45‑3
ingredients, 36‑16 49‑1, 49‑5 effective, with out-of-plane connectors,
ingredients, steel (tbl), 36‑3 obtuse, 2‑11 45‑1, 45‑3
Alnico, 36‑6 of contact, 7‑7 ellipse, 2‑17
Alpha-iron, 36‑19 of depression, 2‑12 first moment of, 25‑1
Alphabet, federal, 53‑6 of elevation, 2‑12 gross, 45‑1
Alphanumeric data, 59‑1 of repose, 51‑3 maximum steel, 38‑4
Alternating of twist, 32‑5, 32‑6 minimum steel, 38‑4
loads, 31‑10 of wrap, 24‑3 moment, 33‑5
stress, 31‑10 pitch, 24‑3 moment of inertia, 4‑8, 25‑1, 25‑4,
Alternative plane, 2‑11 25‑14
disinfectants, 13‑8 reflex, 2‑11 moment of inertia for circles, 25‑8
disinfection, 15‑6 related, 2‑11 moment of inertia for circular sectors,
to chlorination, 13‑8 right, 2‑11 25‑10
Aluminum, 36‑5 station, 49‑7 moment of inertia for circular
alloys, 36‑5 straight, 2‑11 segments, 25‑10
bronze, 36‑5 supplementary, 2‑12 moment of inertia for general
Amber phase length, PRT, 53‑5 thread friction, 24‑4 spandrels, 25‑12
American Standard Code for Information to the right, 49‑6 moment of inertia for nth parabolic
Interchange (ASCII), 59‑1 type (see also by name), 2‑12 areas, 25‑13
Ammonia vertex, 2‑11 moment of inertia for parabolas, 25‑11
in water, 13‑6 vertical, 2‑12 moment of inertia for rectangles, 25‑6
removal, in wastewater, 15‑1, 15‑6 Angular moment of inertia for rhomboids, 25‑7
stripping, 15‑6 distance, 29‑8 moment of inertia for right triangles,
toxic effect on fish, 13‑6 momentum, 29‑8 25‑4
un-ionized, in water, 13‑6 momentum, law of conservation, 29‑8 moment of inertia for semiparabolas,
Amorphous materials, 36‑6 motion, 27‑5 25‑12
Amount orientation, 3‑11 moment of inertia for trapezoids, 25‑7
annual, 60‑4 velocity, 29‑7 net, 45‑1, 45‑2
present, 60‑4 Angularity aggregate, 52‑11 nonattainment, 17‑1, 17‑2
Amplification ratio, 5‑4 Anion, 13‑1, 13‑2 out of plane connectors, effective, 45‑1,
Anaerobe Anisotropic material, 31‑2 45‑3
digester, 16‑9 Annealing, 36‑21 parabolic segment, 2‑17
pond, 15‑3 Annotation symbol, 59‑2 paraboloid of revolution, 2‑22
Anaerobic digestion, 16‑8 Annual parallelogram, 2‑19
Analysis air temperature, mean, 52‑14 polygon, 2‑20
ACI coefficients, 40‑1, 40‑2 amount, 60‑4 reduction in, 35‑13
beam-column, 46‑3 cost method, 60‑11 right circular cone, 2‑21
benefit-cost (see also Method), 60‑12 cost, equivalent uniform, 60‑10, 60‑12 right circular cylinder, 2‑22
break-even (see also Method), 60‑12 effective interest rate, 60‑8 second moment, 4‑9
capacity planning, 48‑3 return method, 60‑11 second moment of, 25‑14
criterion, 60‑13 Annuity, 60‑5 standard, grains in, 36‑23
I N D E X I-3
I-3
surface, grain-boundary, 36‑24 Available Bar

surface, sphere, 2‑21 moment (tbl), 44‑6 chart, 54‑5
under the curve, 4‑7 moment capacity, 43‑4 chart, water chemistry, 13‑2
INDEX - A
Arithmetic stress, 44‑4 dowel, 42‑3
mean, 6‑5, 6‑6 Average reinforcing, 37‑1, 37‑5
mean, weighted, 6‑6 annual daily flow, 14‑2 steel, 37‑6
progression, 3‑14 concentration of microorganisms in Barometer, 8‑3
sequence, 3‑14 aeration tank, 16‑5 Barometric pressure, 7‑4
Arm end area method, 51‑4 Barrier
machinery, 58‑7 weighted, 6‑6 concrete, 53‑3
moment, 22‑3 Average (see also Mean) pressure, fluid, 8‑4 constant slope, 53‑3
working, 58‑7 Axial F-shape, 53‑3
Arterial, 48‑3 capacity, column, 39‑2 GM, 53‑3
Artesian well, 12‑1 compression, 46‑1 heavy vehicle median, 53‑3
Artificial intelligence, 59‑10 compression (tbl), 44‑6 heavy vehicle median (fig), 53‑4
As flow impeller, 14‑7 highway, 53‑3
-built document, 56‑1 loading, 34‑1 Jersey, 53‑3
substance concentration, 13‑1 member, 23‑1 Ontario, 53‑3
ASCII, 59‑1 strain, 31‑2 Ontario (fig), 53‑4
ASD, 37‑2 stress, 32‑3 Bars, quenched (fig), 36‑23
Ash, soda, 14‑13 Axis Basalt, 18‑2
Asphalt, 52‑3 arbitrary fixed, 29‑9 Base
absorbed, 52‑9 conjugate, hyperbola, 2‑8 breakaway, 53‑3
binder, 52‑4 ellipse, 2‑7 change logarithm, 3‑2
binder grade, Superpave (tbl), 52‑5 fixed, 29‑1, 29‑7 flow, 10‑3
cement, 52‑4 fixed, rotation, 29‑1, 29‑7 logarithm, 3‑1, 3‑2
concrete, 52‑4 neutral, 33‑3 metal, 36‑16
concrete mix, 52‑6 parabolic, 2‑6 of the cut, 21‑1
content, effective, 52‑9 parallel, theorem of, 4‑9, 29‑2 soil, 52‑1
grading, 52‑1, 52‑4 rotating, 27‑8 time, 10‑3
mix, 52‑5 rotation about an arbitrary fixed, 29‑9 unit, 1‑4
pavement, 52‑1, 52‑3, 52‑4 transfer, theorem of, 4‑9 Basic accounting equation, 60‑14
pavement failure, 52‑3 translating, 27‑8 Basin
pavement recycling, 52‑19 transverse, hyperbola, 2‑8 chemical sedimentation, 15‑4
pavement, aggregate size (tbl), 52‑3 vision, 53‑6 sedimentation, 14‑1, 14‑4
paver, 57‑5 Axle load, gross (tbl), 52‑17 sedimentation (tbl), 14‑6
paver (tbl), 57‑5 Azimuth, 49‑6, 49‑7 sedimentation, plain, 15‑3
paver production capability, 57‑5 from back line, 49‑6 Basin (see also Tank and Pond), 15‑1, 15‑3
performance graded, 52‑11 from north, 49‑7 Basis
ratio, fineness-to-effective, 52‑11 from south, 49‑7 depreciation, 60‑8
stone matrix, 52‑4 static, 57‑7
surfacing layer (fig), 52‑3 B Batter decrement, 20‑1
target optimum content, 52‑10 Back Bayes’ theorem, 6‑5
ASR, 37‑4 -calculation, 52‑14 Beam, 33‑2
Assembler, 59‑3 station, 50‑5 at balanced condition (fig), 38‑4
macro-, 59‑3 stationing, 50‑5 bending coefficient, 43‑4
Assembly language, 59‑3 tangent, 50‑1 boundary condition (tbl), 33‑7
Asset Backhoe production capability, 57‑2 -column, 34‑1, 43‑1, 46‑1
account, 60‑14 Backhoe (tbl), 57‑2 -column, analysis, 46‑1, 46‑3
current, 60‑15 Backsight, 49‑4 compact, 43‑2
fixed, 60‑15 Backward soil pressure, 20‑2 composite, 33‑1, 33‑13
liquid, 60‑15 Backwashing, sand filter, 14‑9 continuous, 26‑2
nonliquid, 60‑15 Bacteria cross sections, types, 38‑2
quick, 60‑15 acid-forming, 16‑8 deflection, 33‑1, 33‑7, 33‑8
report (ftn), 60‑14 acid-splitting, 16‑8 design, steel, 43‑1, 43‑2
Assignment, 59‑1, 61‑2 Baffling doubly reinforced, 38‑5
clause, 61‑3 factor, 14-14 fixed-end, 26‑2
Associative law, 6‑2 factors (tbl), 14‑14 indeterminate, 26‑1, 26‑2
Assumed meridian, 49‑6 Bag cement, 36‑10, 37‑4 propped cantilever, 26‑2
ASTM Balance section, deflection, 33‑7
grain size, 36‑23 line, 51‑6 shear strength, 38‑7
standard practice for classification of line (fig), 51‑6 shear stress distribution, 33‑5
soils for engineering purposes point, 51‑6 singly reinforced, 38‑4
(Unified Soil Classification System) point (fig), 51‑6 slopes and deflections, cantilevered
(tbl), 18‑9 sheet, 60‑14 (tbl), 33‑10
Asymptote hyperbola, 2‑8 water,equation, 10‑1 spreader, 57‑9
Atmosphere, air, 16‑1, 16‑5 Balanced steel, type, 43‑1
Atmospheric point, column, 39‑4 stiffness, 26‑1, 26‑3
air, 16‑1, 16‑5 strain, 38‑4 stress in, 33‑1, 33‑3
inversion, 17‑3 Balancing stresses, 33‑4
pressure, standard, 7‑4 books, 60‑14 T-, 38‑6
refraction, 49‑4 closed traverse angles, 49‑1, 49‑7 Beams, simply supported (tbl), 43‑5
Attainable target, 48‑2 closed traverse distances, 49‑1, 49‑8 Bearing, 49‑6
Attenuator impact, 53‑3 traverse, 49‑7, 49‑8 angle (fig), 49‑6
Atterberg limit test, 18‑1, 18‑6 traverse, least squares, 49‑8 capacity, 19‑1, 19‑4
Attractive rate of return, 60‑12 Band capacity factor (tbl), 19‑5
Austempering, 36‑21 conduction, 35‑6 capacity factors, 19‑4, 19‑5
Austenite, 36‑19 intrinsic, 35‑6 capacity of clay, 19‑5
Austenitic stainless steel, 36‑4 valence, 35‑6 capacity of sand, 19‑6
Auto mode, 48‑3 Bank capacity, allowable, 19‑4
Autochthonous material, 13‑6 cubic yard, 51‑1 capacity, gross, 19‑4
-measure, 51‑1 capacity, ultimate, 19‑4
Banking of curve, 29‑1, 29‑10 connection, 47‑2
pressure, safe, 19‑4 Body Bronze, 36‑5

ratio, California, 52‑2 rigid, 27‑1, 28‑2, 30‑3 admiralty, 36‑5
strength, available, 47‑1, 47‑3 rigid, kinetic energy, 30‑3 aluminum, 36‑5
INDEX - B
stress, allowable, 47‑1, 47‑3 rigid, Newton’s second law for, 28‑2 beryllium, 36‑5
wall, 41‑1 Boil sand, 18‑17 government, 36‑5
wall, empirical method, 41‑1 Boilerplate clause, 61‑2 phosphorus, 36‑5
wall, strength design method, 41‑2 Bolster, 38‑1 silicon, 36‑5
Bed Bolt, 47‑1 Bubble, 17‑1
biological, 15‑4 common, 47‑1 sort, 59‑8
expansion, 14‑9 high-strength, 47‑1 buckling load, Euler, 46‑2
fluidized, 14‑10 preload, 47‑2 Buckling
Beginning structural, 47‑1 column, 34‑1, 39‑6
of curve, 50‑5 tension and shear (tbl), 47‑3 elastic, 44‑4
of the curve, 50‑7 twist-off, 47‑1 inelastic, 44‑4
Behavior Bolted member, effective area, 45‑3 lateral torsional, 43‑1, 43‑3, 43‑4
85th percentile driver, 53‑5 Book load, 34‑2, 39‑6, 44‑1
brittle material, 35‑1, 35‑12 balancing, 60‑14 load, Euler, 44‑1
driver, 53‑5 of original entry, 60‑14 modification factor, lateral torsional,
ductile material, 35‑1, 35‑12 value, 60‑9 43‑4
Bell-shaped curve, 6‑13 value of stock, per share, 60‑16 stress, 44‑1
Belt friction, 24‑1, 24‑2 Bookkeeping, 60‑13 Budgeting capital, 60‑1, 60‑11
Benchmark, 49‑1, 49‑3 double-entry, 60‑14 Buick, MacPherson v. (ftn), 61‑6
Bending system, 60‑13 Building
failure, 43‑1, 43‑5 Boom, 57‑6, 58‑7 code, 37‑2
stress, 33‑3 crane, 58‑6 designer (ftn), 61‑3
Benefit-cost analysis, 60‑12 length measurement (fig), 57‑7 Built-in end, 26‑2
Bernoulli equation, 11‑2 Borrow Bulk
Beryllium common, 51‑1 specific gravity, 52‑8, 52‑9
bronze, 36‑5 pit, 51‑1, 51‑5 unit weight, 18‑12
-copper, 36‑5 Bottle point experiment, 14‑11 viscosity, 14‑7
Beta distribution, 54‑9 Boundary Bulkhead, 21‑1
Between letter space, 53‑6 condition, beam (tbl), 33‑7 analysis of anchored, 21‑1, 21‑3
Bias, 6‑16 irregular, 49‑1, 49‑10 analysis of flexible, 21‑1, 21‑3
Biased estimator, 6‑8 Boussinesq influence value chart, 19‑3 anchored, 21‑1, 21‑3
Biaxial loading, 31‑1, 31‑5 Boussinesq’s equation, 19‑1, 19‑2 cantilever, 21‑3
Bidder, lowest responsible, 55‑2 Bowditch method, 49‑8 design of anchored, 21‑1, 21‑3
Bidding competitive, 55‑2, 62‑8 Box design of flexible, 21‑1, 21‑3
Bimetallic element, 32‑2 closed, 32‑6 flexible, 21‑1, 21‑3
Binary shape, 43‑2 tied, 21‑3
alloy, 36‑16 shoring, 21‑1 untied, 21‑3
search, 59‑8 Braced Bulking
tree, 59‑8 column, 34‑2, 39‑6 factor, 51‑1
Binder, 36‑13 cut, 21‑1 sludge, 16‑4, 16‑7
asphalt, 52‑4 cut, clay, 21‑1, 21‑2, 21‑3 Buoyancy
grade, Superpave, 52‑5 cut, medium clay, 21‑1, 21‑3 center of, 8‑7
grading system (tbl), 52‑12 cut, sand, 21‑1, 21‑2 theorem, 8‑6
specification, 52‑11 cut, soft clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 Buoyant
-to-dust ratio, 52‑11 cut, stiff clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 force, 8‑6
Binomial excavation, analysis, 21‑1, 21‑3 unit weight, 18‑13
coefficient, 6‑2, 6‑13 excavation, design, 21‑1, 21‑3 Burden, 60‑17
probability function, 6‑13 Bracing budget variance, 60‑17
probability, cumulative (tbl), 6‑24 diagonal, 39‑6 capacity variance, 60‑17
Biofilm filter, 14‑10 lateral, 43‑1, 43‑3 variance, 60‑17
Biological spacing, 43‑3 Business district, central, 48‑2
bed, 15‑4 Brake Buttress wall, 20‑1
contactor, rotating, 15‑5 reaction distance, 50‑9 By-product, disinfection, 13‑1, 13‑7, 13‑8
filter, 15‑4 reaction time, 50‑9
Biosolid, 16‑2 Brale indenter, 35‑19 C
Biotower, 16‑7 Breach Cable, 24‑1
Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 17‑4 material, 61‑5 ideal, 24‑1
Bituminous of contract, 61‑5 CaCO3
mix, 52‑4 unintentional, 61‑5 concentration, 13‑1
pavement, 52‑3 willful, 61‑5 equivalent, 13‑1
Bleeding, pavement, 52‑6 Break Calcium hardness, 13‑3
Blindness -even analysis, 60‑12 Calculating material problem, 52‑4
color, 53‑6 -even quantity, 60‑12 Calculus
glare, 53‑6 Breakaway pole, 53‑3 fundamental theorem of integral, 4‑7
Block Breaking strength, 35‑11 integral, 4‑1, 4‑6
and tackle, 24‑1 Breakpoint, 14‑12, 17‑5 California
shear failure, 45‑5 Breakthrough, 14‑9, 14‑11, 15‑6 bearing ratio, 52‑2
shear strength, 45‑5 curve, 14‑12 kneading compactor, 52‑10
Blow-up, pavement, 52‑6 point, 14‑12 Call, recursive, 59‑4
Blower Breathing apparatus, 58‑5 Canon, 62‑1
power, 16‑2 Bridge truss, 23‑1 of ethics, 62‑2
wastewater, 15‑3, 16‑6 Brinell Cantilever
Blowing, pavement, 52‑6 hardness number, 35‑19 bulkhead, 21‑3
Blunder, 49‑7 hardness test, 35‑19 footing, 19‑2
Board of engineering licensing, 63‑1 test, 36‑22 retaining wall, 20‑1
BOD Brittle wall, 21‑3
loading, 15‑2 material, 35‑8, 35‑12 Cantilevered beam slopes and deflections
loading, facultative ponds, 15‑3 material, behavior, 35‑1, 35‑12 (tbl), 33‑10
sludge age, 16‑4 material, crack propagation, 35‑1,
35‑13
I N D E X I-5
I-5
Capability iron, gray, 36‑4 in moment magnitude, 33‑2

production, 57‑1 iron, malleable, 36‑4 in potential energy, 30‑5
production, backhoe, 57‑2 iron, mottled, 36‑4 in shear magnitude, 33‑2
INDEX - C
production, dozer, 57‑2 iron, nodular, 36‑4 order, 56‑1
production, loader, 57‑2 iron, white, 36‑4 pressure, 11‑4
Capacitance, 35‑3 Category, severity, 53‑1 rate of, in grade, 50‑8
Capacitor, 35‑2 Cathode, 36‑14, 36‑15 Channel
parallel plate, 35‑3 reaction, 36‑15 flow, open, 11‑4
Capacity Cation, 13‑1, 13‑2 open, 11‑5
bearing, 19‑1, 19‑4 Cauchy number, 9‑6 Channeling, 14‑16
bearing, allowable, 19‑4 Caveat emptor, 61‑6 pavement, 52‑6
bearing, factors, 19‑4 Cavitation, 36‑15 Character
bearing, gross, 19‑4 CBD, 48‑2 coding, 59‑1
bearing, ultimate, 19‑4 CCT curve, 36‑21 control, 59‑1
column, 39‑2 Cell Characteristic
gravimetric, 57‑4 galvanic, 36‑14 dimension, 11‑4
heaped, 57‑2, 57‑3 half-, 36‑14 equation, 5‑2, 5‑3
heat, volumetric (ftn), 36‑13 spreadsheet, 59‑6 equation, first-order, 5‑2
legal, 61‑1 structural, 23‑1 equation, root of, 5‑3
load, 57‑6 voltaic, 36‑14 equation, second-order, 5‑2
planning analysis, 48‑3 Cement irrelevant, 60‑1
reduction factor, 35‑12, 37‑3 asphalt, 52‑4 length, 11‑9
scraper, 57‑3 low-alkali, 37‑4 scale, 11‑9
specific heat, 35‑7 portland, 37‑3 Characteristics
specific, well, 12‑4 properties, 37‑3 aeration, 16‑2
storage, 10‑5, 12‑1 Cementite, 36‑19 flocculator-clarifier, 14‑8
struck, 57‑2, 57‑3 Cementitious material, 36‑10, 37‑4 impeller, 14‑1, 14‑7
volumetric heat, 35‑7 Center of metals, 36‑1
Capillary circle, 2‑9 transducer system, 35‑7
action, 7‑6 cone, visual acuity, 53‑6 Charge carrier, 35‑6
depression, 7‑7 ellipse, 2‑8 Charpy
rise, 7‑7 instant, 29‑7 test, 35‑17
Capital instantaneous, 30‑3 V-notch test, 35‑17
budgeting, 60‑1, 60‑11 of buoyancy, 8‑7 Chart
recovery (tbl), 60‑3 of gravity, 4‑8, 25‑3 alignment, column (fig), 44‑3
recovery factor, 60‑6 of mass, 25‑3 bar, 54‑5
recovery method, 60‑11 of pressure, 8‑4, 8‑5 Boussinesq influence value, 19‑3
Capitalized of rotation, instantaneous, 29‑7 Gantt, 54‑5
cost, 60‑10 -radius form, 2‑9 influence value, 19‑3
cost for an infinite series, 60‑10 sphere, 2‑10 load, 57‑6
Carbide, 36‑19 Centerline roadway, 50‑6 load (tbl), 57‑7
Carbon Central Newmark influence, 19‑3
activated, 14‑11 angle, curve, 50‑1 particle size distribution, 18‑5
adsorption, 15‑6 business district, 48‑2 Snellen, 53‑6
black, 36‑8 curve radius, 50‑5 stress contour, 19‑3
dioxide, in water, 14‑14 limit theorem, 6‑14, 6‑18 Chemical
granular activated, 15‑6 tendency, 6‑1, 6‑5 application point, water treatment,
monoxide, 17‑3 Centrifugal force, 29‑1, 29‑9, 29‑10 14‑3
powdered activated, 15‑6 Centrifuge, kerosene equivalent, 52‑10 flocculation, 15‑4
steel, 36‑2, 37‑6 Centripetal force, 29‑1, 29‑9 hazard, 58‑1, 58‑3
steel, nonsulfurized, 36‑2 Centroid, 4‑8, 25‑1 property, 35‑2
steel, rephosphorized, 36‑2 for circles, 25‑8 sedimentary rock, 18‑2
steel, resulfurized, 36‑2 for circular sectors, 25‑10 sedimentation basin, 15‑4
temper, 36‑4 for circular segments, 25‑10 Chert, 18‑2
Carbonate for general spandrels, 25‑12 Chi
hardness, 13‑3, 14‑13 for nth parabolic areas, 25‑13 -squared distribution, 6‑15
hardness removal, 14‑13 for parabolas, 25‑11 -squared test, 53‑2
reaction with alkali, 37‑4 for rhomboids, 25‑7 Chloramine, 13‑1, 13‑7
Carbonic acid, 13‑3 for semiparabolas, 25‑12 Chlorinated phosphates, 36‑8
Care, standard of (ftn), 61‑5 for trapezoids, 25‑7 Chlorination, 14‑14
Carmen-Kozeny equation, 14‑9 for triangles, 25‑4 alternatives, 13‑8
Carrier, 35‑6 for triangular areas, 25‑6 contact tank, 15‑6
Carryover of a line segment, 25‑2 pretreatment, 14‑3
factor, 26‑3 of a volume, 25‑3 wastewater, 15‑6
moment, 26‑1, 26‑3 of an area, 4‑8, 25‑1, 25‑2 Chlorinator flow pacing, 15‑6
Cartesian Centroidal Chlorine, 14‑14
acceleration, 27‑3 mass moment of inertia, 29‑2 alternatives, 15‑6
coordinate system form, 27‑2 moment of inertia, 4‑9, 25‑14, 33‑4 in water, 13‑7
triad, 3‑11 Ceramic, 36‑10 Chord
unit vector, 3‑11 CFR, 58‑1 long, 50‑2
unit vector form, 27‑2 cgs system, 1‑4 truss, 23‑1
velocity, 27‑3 Chain Chronic hazard, 58‑4
Cash engineer’s, 49‑3 Circle, 25‑8
flow, 60‑2 Gunter’s, 49‑3 area moment of inertia, 25‑8
flow diagram, 60‑2 surveyor’s, 49‑3 center, 2‑9
flow, gradient series, 60‑3 Chair, 38‑1 center-radius form, 2‑9
flow, single payment, 60‑2 Chalk, 18‑2 centroid, 25‑8
flow, uniform series, 60‑2 Chamber, grit, 15‑4 distance of point to, 2‑10
system, 60‑14 Change length of point to, 2‑10
Cast allotropic, 36‑19 line tangent to, 2‑10
iron, 36‑4, 36‑19 grade, rate of, 50‑8 Mohr’s, 31‑7
iron, compacted graphitic, 36‑4 in angular momentum, 29‑8 standard, form, 2‑9
iron, ductile, 36‑4 in kinetic energy, 30‑4 unit, 2‑11, 2‑12
Circuit Coarse Collar screw, 24‑4

open, 35‑5 aggregate, 37‑4, 52‑5 Collector data, 49‑2
short, 35‑5 aggregate, properties, 37‑3 Collision, 30‑8, 59‑9
INDEX - C
Circular screen, wastewater, 15‑3 diagram, 53‑1

cone, right, 2‑21 Code, 62‑1 Color
curve, 50‑1 building, 37‑2 blindness, 53‑6
curve, fully spiraled (fig), 50‑5 ethical, 62‑2 in water, 13‑6
cylinder, right, 2‑22 intrinsic machine, 59‑3 traffic control device, 53‑6
cylinder, right, area, 2‑22 mnemonic, 59‑3 traffic sign, 53‑6
cylinder, right, volume, 2‑22 op-, 59‑3 Column
motion, 27‑5 source, 59‑1 absolute, 59‑6
sector, 25‑10 Coding, 59‑1 alignment chart (fig), 44‑3
sector, area, 2‑19 character, 59‑1 analysis, 44‑1, 44‑4
sector, area moment of inertia, 25‑10 data, 59‑1 analysis procedure, 44‑5
sector, centroid, 25‑10 Coefficient axial capacity, 39‑2
sector, mensuration, 2‑19 active earth pressure, 20‑4, 20‑5 base, force transfer, 42‑1, 42‑3
segment, 2‑18, 25‑10 binomial, 6‑2, 6‑13 beam-, 34‑1
segment, area, 2‑18 constant, 5‑1 braced, 34‑2, 39‑6
segment, area moment of inertia, 25‑10 correlation, 6‑23 buckling, 34‑1, 39‑6
segment, centroid, 25‑10 correlation, sample, 6‑23 buckling, Euler’s theory, 44‑1
segment, mensuration, 2‑18 diffusion, 14‑19, 36‑16 capacity, 39‑2
Circumferential stress, 32‑3, 32‑4 distribution, 14‑20 concrete, vii, 36‑25, 39‑1, 39‑2, 39‑3,
Civil earth pressure, 20‑4 39‑5, 39‑7, 39‑9
complaint, 61‑5 end condition, 44‑2 design capacity, 39‑2
tort (ftn), 61‑5 end-restraint, 34‑2, 34‑3, 44‑2 design, steel, 44‑1, 44‑5
Clarifier, 14‑4 endogenous decay, 16‑5 details, spiral, 39‑3
chemical, 15‑1, 15‑4 flow, 9‑4 details, tied, 39‑3
-flocculator, 14‑1, 14‑8 flow (ftn), 9‑4 eccentricity, 39‑4
grit, 15‑4 flow (meter), 9‑4 effective length, 34‑2
secondary, 16‑1, 16‑2 Fourier, 5‑5 footing, 19‑2, 42‑1, 42‑2
Clarifier (see also Sedimentation basin), friction, 47‑3 ideal, 44‑1
16‑1, 16‑2 Hazen uniformity, 18‑4 interaction diagrams, 39‑8, 39‑9
Class Hazen-Williams, roughness, 11‑6 intermediate, 44‑2
A surface, 47‑3 layer, 52‑18 long, 34‑1, 39‑1, 39‑2, 39‑6, 44‑2
B surface, 47‑3 layer strength, 52‑18 longitudinal reinforcement limit, 39‑2
Classic smog, 17‑3 Manning’s roughness, 11‑5 nominal capacity, 39‑2
Classical adjoint, 3‑9 matrix, 3‑10 relative, 59‑6
Classification moment, 38‑2, 40‑1, 40‑2 short, 39‑1, 39‑2
material, 35‑1, 35‑8 of concavity, 18‑5 spiral, 39‑3
soil, 18‑1, 18‑5, 58‑1 of consolidation, 18‑22 steel, 44‑1
soil, AASHTO, 18‑1, 18‑7 of contraction, 9‑4 steel, analysis procedure, 44‑5
soil, AASHTO (tbl), 18‑8 of curvature, 18‑5 stress, 34‑4
soil, Unified, 18‑1, 18‑8 of curvature, soil, 18‑5 tied, 39‑2
soil, USCS, 18‑8 of discharge, 9‑5 unbraced, 39‑6
Clastic sedimentary rock, 18‑2 of friction, 24‑2, 28‑4 Combination, 6‑2
Clause of gradation, 18‑5 linear, 6‑17
assignment, 61‑3 of linear thermal expansion, 35‑8 Combined
boilerplate, 61‑2 of permeability, 12‑2 footing, 19‑2
Clay, 18‑5, 19‑1, 19‑2 of permeation, 14‑20 residual, 13‑7
bearing capacity, 19‑5 of restitution, 30‑8 Combustion, staged, 14‑16
consolidation, 18‑1, 18‑20 of thermal expansion, 32‑1, 35‑8 Comity, 63‑2
consolidation curve (fig), 18‑20 of thermal expansion (tbl), 32‑1 Command, 59‑1
cut in soft (fig), 21‑2 of transmissivity, 12‑3 Comminutor, 15‑4
cut in stiff (fig), 21‑2 of variation, 6‑10 Common
formation, 18‑2 of variation, continuous variable, 6‑13 bolt, 47‑1
overconsolidated, 18‑20 of variation, sample, 6‑10 borrow, 51‑1
overconsolidated (fig), 18‑20 of velocity, 9‑3 difference, 3‑14
versus sand, 19‑1, 19‑2 osmotic, 14‑19 excavation, 51‑1
Clean Air Act, 17‑1 passive earth pressure, 20‑4, 20‑5 glass, 36‑9
Clearance Rankine active earth pressure, 20‑5 logarithm, 3‑1
right-side lateral, 48‑4 Rankine passive earth pressure, 20‑5 ratio, 3‑15
vertical curve, 50‑12 roughness, 11‑7 Commutative law, 6‑2
Clearinghouse, National Work Zone Safety slip, 14‑6, 47‑3 Comonomer, 36‑7
Information, 53‑7 strength, 52‑18 Compact
Clearwell, 14‑8 transport, salt, 14‑19 beam, 43‑2
Client ethics, 62‑6 undetermined, 5‑4 section, 43‑2
Climb dislocation, 35‑18 undetermined, method of, 5‑4 Section criteria, 43‑2
Close sheeting, 21‑1 yield, 16‑5 Compacted
Closed Cofactor cubic yard, 51‑1
box, 32‑6 expansion by, 3‑7 graphitic iron, 36‑4
traverse, 49‑7 matrix, 3‑7, 3‑8 -measure, 51‑1
traverse angles, balancing, 49‑1, 49‑7 Coherent system of units, 1‑2 Compaction
traverse distances, balancing, 49‑1, Cohesion, 18‑24, 19‑6 equipment, 57‑4
49‑8 soil, 18‑24 relative, 18‑14, 18‑15
Closure Cohesionless soil, 20‑2 Compactness, 43‑2
in departure, 49‑8 Cohesive soil, 20‑1, 20‑2 Compactor
in latitude, 49‑8 Cold gyratory, 52‑11
Coagulant, 14‑5, 15‑4 -cracking pavement, 52‑6 kneading, 52‑10
Coagulation, 15‑4 flow, 35‑18 roller, 57‑5
Coal formation, 18‑2 in-place recycling, 52‑19 Company health, 60‑15
planing, 52‑19 Comparative negligence, 61‑5
train, 52‑19 Compass rule, 49‑8
working, 36‑21
I N D E X I-7
I-7
Compensatory average, microorganisms in aeration Conic

damages, 61‑7 tank, 16‑5 section, 2‑4
fraud, 61‑5 curve, 10‑3 section, general form, 2‑5
INDEX - C
Competent dopant atoms, 35‑5 section, normal form, 2‑5
person, OSHA, cranes, 58‑8 milliequivalent, 13‑1 Conical pile (fig), 51‑3
person, OSHA, excavation, 58‑3 time to, 10‑4, 10‑5 Conjugate
Competitive bidding, 55‑2, 62‑8 Concentric axis, hyperbola, 2‑8
Compiler, 59‑3 connection, 47‑1 complex, 3‑3
incremental, 59‑3 load, 39‑7 depths, 11‑8
pseudo-, 59‑3 loading, 34‑1 Connection
Complaint, civil, 61‑5 Concentrically loaded long column, 39‑7 bearing, 47‑2
Complement Concrete, 36‑10, 37‑3 eccentric, 47‑1
law, 6‑2 additive, 37‑4 slip-critical, 47‑2
of a set, 6‑1 admixture, 37‑4 Connector, 47‑1
Complementary air-entrained, 37‑3 symbol, 59‑2
angle, 2‑12 asphalt, 52‑4 ConsensusDOCS (ftn), 61‑3
equation, 5‑4 asphalt, mix, 52‑6 Consequential damages, 61‑7
probability, 6‑3 barrier, 53‑3 Conservation
solution, 5‑4 barrier, highway, 53‑3 energy, principle, 30‑6
Complete column, 39‑1, 39‑2 law, 11‑1
cross-linking, 36‑6 compressive strength of, 36‑11 of angular momentum, 29‑8
filtration, 14‑2 cooling, 36‑12 of energy law, conservative system,
mixing model, 14‑6 density, 36‑11 30‑6
similarity, 9‑6 disintegration cracking, 37‑4 of energy law, nonconservative system,
Complex durability, 37‑3 30‑6
conjugate, 3‑3 footing, vii, 36‑25, 42‑1, 42‑3 of momentum, 30‑8
number, 3‑2 lightweight, 36‑11 of momentum, law, 28‑1
number (fig), 3‑3 modulus of elasticity, 36‑12, 37‑5 Conservative system, 30‑6
number, addition, 3‑3 modulus of rupture, 36‑12 Consideration, 61‑1
number, division, 3‑3, 3‑4 normal weight, 36‑11 Consistency
number, exponential form, 3‑4 pavement, 52‑2 concrete, 36‑11
number, kth root, 3‑5 Poisson’s ratio, 36‑12 index, 7‑5
number, multiplication, 3‑3, 3‑4 proportions, typical, 36‑10, 37‑3 limits, 18‑6
number, polar form, 3‑3 shear strength, 36‑12, 38‑7 Consistent
number, rectangular form, 3‑2 shrinkage, compensating, 37‑4 deformation, 33‑13
number, subtraction, 3‑3 slab, vii, 36‑25, 40‑1, 40‑3 units, 1‑2
number, trigonometric form, 3‑2 slab thickness, 52‑2 Consolidated
Component slump, 37‑3, 37‑4 normally, 18‑18
normal, 27‑1, 27‑7, 28‑6 strength acceptance testing, 37‑1, 37‑5 normally, clay, 18‑20
of a force, 22‑1 wall, vii, 36‑25, 41‑1 normally, curve, 18‑20
of a moment, 22‑3 workability, 37‑3 Consolidation, 18‑20
radial, 27‑7, 28‑6 Concurrent force, 22‑5 clay, 19‑2
tangential, 27‑1, 27‑7, 28‑6 Condensation, polymer, 36‑7 coefficient of, 18‑22
transverse, 27‑7, 28‑6 Condition curve, 18‑20
Components, vector, 3‑11 beam boundary (tbl), 33‑7 curve, clay (fig), 18‑20
Composite undersaturated, 48‑10 degree of, 18‑22
beam, 33‑1, 33‑13 Conditional probability, 6‑4, 60‑7 primary, 18‑1, 18‑20
material, 36‑13 Conduction band, 35‑6 secondary, 18‑20
material, density, 36‑13 Conductivity, hydraulic, 12‑2 test, 18‑1, 18‑18
material, specific heat, 36‑13 Conductor, 35‑5 virgin, 18‑18
material, strength, 36‑13 Conduit, incompressible flow, 11‑3 Constant
properties (tbl), 36‑13 Conduits, noncircular, flow, 11‑4 acceleration, 27‑1, 27‑3
spring constant, 30‑5 Cone angular acceleration, 27‑4
structure, 33‑13 -generating angle, 2‑4 coefficient, 5‑1
Composition influence, 19‑3 composite spring, 30‑5
atmospheric air, 16‑5 of depression, 12‑4, 57‑11 dielectric, 35‑3
atmospheric air (tbl), 16‑6 right circular, 2‑21 equivalent spring, 30‑5
eutectic, 36‑17 right circular, mensuration, 2‑22 Faraday’s, 14‑15
Compound right circular, volume, 2‑21 force, 28‑6
amount (tbl), 60‑3 volume, 51‑3 fundamental (tbl), 1‑8
interest, 60‑7 Confidence gravitational, 1‑1, 1‑2, 18‑13
nonannual, 60‑1, 60‑7 interval, 6‑1, 6‑18, 6‑26 -head permeator, 18‑15
Compressed soil pressure, 20‑2 interval, difference between two means, -head test, 18‑15
Compressibility index, 18‑19 6‑19 Henry’s law, 14‑17
Compression interval, intercept, 6‑23 linear acceleration, 27‑3
axial, 46‑1 interval, slope, 6‑23 mass, 28‑6
axial (tbl), 44‑6 interval, variance of a normal matrix, 3‑10
-controlled strain limit, 38‑4 distribution, 6‑20 of integration, 5‑1
flexural, 46‑1 level, 6‑1, 6‑15 parabola, 50‑7
index, 18‑18, 18‑19 limit for the mean, 6‑19 partition, 14‑20
line, virgin, 18‑18 limit, lower, 6‑18 permeability, 14‑19
member, steel, 44‑1 limit, one-tail, 6‑18 proportionality, 36‑16
members (tbl), 44‑6 limit, two-tail, 6‑18 slope barrier, 53‑3
Compressive limit, upper, 6‑18 spring, 30‑4
strength, concrete, 36‑11 Confined time, 5‑4
strength, steel column, 44‑1, 44‑4 aquifer, 12‑1 torsional, 43‑6
strength, unconfined, 18‑24 compression test, 18‑18 torsional spring, 32‑6
Computational speed, relative, 59‑1, 59‑3 space, 58‑1, 58‑4, 58‑5 treatability, 16‑7
Concavity coefficient of, soil, 18‑5 Congener, 17‑4 warping, 43‑4
Concentration Congressional Federal Register, 58‑1 Constantan, 36‑6
as CaCO3, 13‑1 Construction
as substance, 13‑1 documents, 56‑1
lien, 61‑4
manager, 55‑1, 61‑3 Copper, 35‑3, 36‑5 Crash

plan, 56‑1 alloys, 36‑5 cushion, 53‑3
sequencing, 54‑4 -beryllium, 36‑5 rate per million entering vehicles
INDEX - C
time, 54‑2 Copperas, 14‑5 (RMEV), 53‑2

Consulting engineer, 63‑1 Core column, 34‑1 rate per million vehicle-miles (RMVM),
Contact Correlation coefficient, 6‑23 53‑2
angle of, 7‑7 Corrosion, 36‑14 time, 54‑5
tank, chlorinator, 15‑6 fretting, 36‑15 Crashes prevented, 53‑3
unit, solid, 14‑8 reaction, oxidation potential for (tbl), Credit, 60‑14
Contactor, biological, rotating, 15‑5 36‑15 emission reduction, 17‑1
Contaminant level, maximum, 13‑4 -resistant steel, 36‑2 log removal, 14-8
Content stress, 36‑15 removal, 14‑9
moisture, 18‑11 Corrugation pavement, 52‑6 Creed, 62‑1
oxygen, 58‑5 Cosecant, 2‑13 Engineers’, 62‑1
water, 18‑11 Cosine, 2‑13, 22‑1 Creep, 35‑18
Continuity law of, 2‑16 primary, 35‑18
equation, 11‑2 Cost rate, 35‑18
equation, incompressible flow, 11‑2 accounting, 60‑1, 60‑16 secondary, 35‑18
Continuous capitalized, 60‑10 strain, 35‑18
beam, 26‑2 capitalized, for an infinite series, 60‑10 strength, 35‑18
distribution, 6‑10 direct, 54‑4 tertiary, 35‑18
variable, coefficient of variation, 6‑13 equivalent annual, 60‑12 test, 35‑18
variable, variance, 6‑12 equivalent uniform annual, 60‑10, Crest
Continuum, 7‑1 60‑12 curve length, 50‑11
Contract, 61‑1 estimating, 54‑1, 54‑2 vertical curve, 50‑6
agent, 61‑2 fixed, 54‑4 vertical curve stopping sight distance,
breach of, 61‑5 indirect, 54‑4 50‑10
discharge of, 61‑4 manufacturing, 60‑16 Crew productivity, 57‑10
extreme difficulty, 61‑4 O&M, 60‑16 Crime (ftn), 61‑5
incentive, 61‑4 on, 54‑4 Criminal lawsuit (ftn), 61‑5
negotiated, 55‑1 operating, 54‑4 Cristobalite, 36‑10
principal, 61‑2 operating and maintenance, 60‑16 Criteria
privity, 61‑6 per unit of production, 57‑1 compact section, 43‑2
requirements for, 61‑1 plus fixed fee, 61‑4 pollutants, 17‑1, 17‑2
standard, 61‑3 prime, 54‑4, 60‑16 Criterion analysis, 60‑13
Contracta, vena, 9‑3 project, initial, 60‑3 Critical
Contraction, coefficient of, 9‑4 R&D, 60‑16 activity, 54‑7
Contractor, 61‑3 recovery system, accelerated, 60‑9 damping, system, 5‑3
general, 61‑3 standard, 60‑17 density, 48‑7
prime, 61‑3 standard factory, 60‑17 depth, 11‑7
Contraflexure point, 4‑3 sunk, 60‑2 hydraulic gradient, 18‑17
Contributory work, 57‑10 -time trade-off, 54‑4, 54‑5 load, 39‑6
Control total, 60‑16 load (column), 34‑2, 39‑6
character, 59‑1 variable, 54‑4 load, Euler, 44‑1
delay, 48‑8 Costs, 60‑12 part, 47‑1
station, 49‑3 Cotangent, 2‑13 path, 54‑5, 54‑7, 54‑8
volume, 11‑10 Coulomb path method, 54‑7
Controlled-cooling transformation curve, equation (ftn), 18‑24 path network, duration, 54‑8
36‑21 friction, 24‑2 path technique, 54‑5
Convention, 60‑2 Coulomb’s equation, 18‑24 point, 4‑3, 36‑19
sign, shear, 33‑1 Counterfort wall, 20‑1 point (fig), 4‑3
year-end, 60‑1, 60‑3 Counterjib, 58‑7 Section for flexure, 42‑3
Conventional filtration, 14‑2 Countermeasure, 53‑1 section, footing, 42‑2
Converge sequence, 3‑14 Couple, 22‑4 section, shear, 38‑7, 40‑3
Convergence, interval of, 3‑16 moment, 22‑4 slenderness ratio, 34‑4, 44‑2
Convergent sequence, 3‑14 Coupling moment, 22‑4 stress, 44‑4
Conversion CPM, 54‑7 temperature, 36‑19
factors (tbl), 1‑9 CPP, 57‑1 values, F-distribution (tbl), 6‑29
of energy, 30‑6 Crack values, c2 distribution (tbl), 6‑28
temperature (tbl), 1‑7 alligator, 52‑6 velocity, 14‑4
Converting concrete disintegration, 37‑4 Critically damped system, 5‑3
polar to rectangular, 3‑3 propagation, 35‑13 Cross
rectangular to polar, 3‑3, 3‑4 propagation, in brittle material, 35‑1, -linking, 36‑6
Convolution, 5‑8 35‑13 -linking, complete, 36‑6
operation, 5‑8 reflection, 52‑7 -linking, partial, 36‑6
Cooling Cracking method, 26‑3
concrete, 36‑12 index, 37‑4 product, 3‑13, 22‑3
rate, 36‑22 pavement, 52‑6 product, identities, 3‑14
rate for bars quenched in agitated oil Cramer’s rule, 3‑10 product, normal unit vectors, 3‑14
(fig), 36‑23 Crandall product, parallel unit vectors, 3‑14
rate for bars quenched in agitated method, 49‑8 product, vectors, 3‑13, 3‑14
water (fig), 36‑22 rule, 49‑8 section, 51‑1, 51‑2
Coordinate Crane, 57‑5 -section monosymmetric parameter,
polar, 27‑6 data sheet, 57‑6 43‑5
rectangular, 27‑1, 27‑2 horizontal boom tower, 57‑8 section, distance between, 51‑1, 51‑2
system, ntb, 27‑6 hydraulic truck, 58‑6 section, final, 51‑1, 51‑2
Coordinates in motion chart, 58‑9 section, original, 51‑1, 51‑2
area by, 49‑9 load chart, 58‑8 CT
area by, method, 49‑9 mobile, 57‑5, 57‑6 value, 14-14
method of, 49‑9 safety, 58‑8 values (tbl), 14‑15, 14‑21
polar, 3‑1, 3‑3 size, 57‑5 Cubic
Coordination project, 54‑1, 54‑10 tower, 57‑5, 57‑6, 58‑7 yard, 51‑1
Copolymer, 36‑6, 36‑7 type (tbl), 57‑6 yard, bank, 51‑1
I N D E X I-9
I-9
yard, compacted, 51‑1 braced, 21‑1 Deflection, 33‑7

yard, loose, 51‑1, 57‑2 braced, clay, 21‑1, 21‑2, 21‑3 angle, 49‑6, 49‑7, 50‑4
Cumulative braced, medium clay, 21‑1, 21‑3 beam, 33‑1, 33‑7, 33‑8
INDEX - C
binomial probability (tbl), 6‑24 braced, sand, 21‑1, 21‑2 beam section, 33‑7
distribution function, 6‑11 braced, soft clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 control, minimum thickness, 40‑1, 40‑2
rainfall curve, 10‑2 braced, stiff clay, 21‑1, 21‑2 effects, 46‑2
Cunife, 36‑6 chain, 49‑3 frame, 26‑1, 26‑5
Curing in sand (fig), 21‑2 frame, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑5
concrete cooling, 36‑12 in soft clay (fig), 21‑2 slab, 40‑2
moist, 36‑12 in stiff clay (fig), 21‑2 truss, 26‑1, 26‑4
Curl, 4‑10, 4‑11 Cutting plane, 2‑4 truss, strain energy method, 26‑1, 26‑4
identity, 4‑11 Cycle truss, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑4
vector field, 4‑11 freeze-thaw, 52‑14 Deflections, cantilevered beam slopes and
vorticity, 4‑11 hydrologic, 10‑1 (tbl), 33‑10
Current time, 57‑1, 57‑2 Deflectometer, falling weight, 52‑14
asset, 60‑15 Cyclic stress ratio, 18‑16 Deformation, 31‑1, 31‑4
efficiency, 14‑16 Cyclone (tbl), 17‑6 consistent, 33‑13
liability, 60‑15 Cylinder, 29‑5 permanent, 35‑11
ratio, 60‑15 hollow, properties of, 29‑5 Degree, 2‑11
Curvature properties of, 29‑4 of consolidation, 18‑22
coefficient of, 18‑5 right circular, 2‑22 of curve, 50‑2
coefficient of, soil, 18‑5 right circular, mensuration, 2‑22 of freedom, 6‑15, 36‑20
earth, 49‑4 right circular, surface area, 2‑22 of indeterminacy, 22‑6, 26‑1
point of, 50‑5 right circular, volume, 2‑22 of polymerization, 36‑6
radius of, 4‑5, 27‑8 Cyst, Giardia (tbl), 14‑21 of redundancy, 26‑1
rectangular coordinates, 4‑5 of saturation, 18‑12
Curve D Del operator, vector, 4‑10
area under, 4‑7 D-cracking, 37‑4 Delay
banking, 29‑1, 29‑10 d’Alembertian operator, 4‑12 control, 48‑8
beginning of, 50‑5, 50‑7 Damages, 61‑7 geometric, 48‑8
bell-shaped, 6‑13 compensatory, 61‑7 incident, 48‑8
breakthrough, 14‑12 consequential, 61‑7 queueing, 48‑8
circular, 50‑1 exemplary, 61‑7 Delta-iron, 36‑19
concentration, 10‑3 general, 61‑7 Demand
consolidation, 18‑20 liquidated, 61‑7 flow rate, 48‑4
controlled-cooling-transformation, nominal, 61‑7 water, 14‑1, 14‑2
36‑21 punitive, 61‑5, 61‑7 water, per capita, 14‑1, 14‑2
crest vertical, 50‑6 special, 61‑7 Demineralization, 14‑1, 14‑15
cumulative rainfall, 10‑2 Damaging flood, 10‑2 Denominator, rationalizing, 3‑3
degree of, 50‑2 Damped system, critically, 5‑3 Dense-graded mix, 52‑5
e-log p, 18‑18 Damping, 5‑3 Density, 7‑1, 7‑2
e-log p (fig), 18‑18 heavy, 5‑3 composite material, 36‑13
elements, horizontal (fig), 50‑2 light, 5‑3 concrete, 36‑11
elevation, 50‑8 ratio, 5‑3 critical, 48‑7
end of, 50‑5, 50‑7 system, critical, 5‑3 function (see also Distribution
flow, 18‑6 Darcy’s law, 12‑2 function), 6‑11
fully spiraled circular (fig), 50‑5 Data function, probability, 6‑11
horizontal, 50‑1 alphanumeric, 59‑1 index, 18‑13
layout, 50‑5 collector, 49‑2 jam, 48‑7
learning, 57‑10 precipitation, 10‑2 mass, 7‑1
length, 50‑2 sheet, crane, 57‑6 relative, 18‑13, 18‑14
length, crest, 50‑11 Database, 59‑1, 59‑9 solid, 18‑13
load-elongation, 35‑8 hierarchical, 59‑10 total ramp, 48‑4
number, 10‑5 relational, 59‑10 vehicle, 48‑5, 48‑6
overconsolidated, 18‑20 structure, 59‑1, 59‑9 zero-voids, 18‑13
parabolic, 50‑6, 50‑7 Datum, 49‑3 Departure, 49‑7
parabolic (fig), 50‑7 Daughter node, 59‑9 tangent, 50‑1
point, 50‑2 Days supply of inventory, 60‑16 Dependent event, 6‑3
preconsolidation, 18‑20 DBF, 10‑2 Deposition
radius of, 50‑2 DBP, 13‑8 dry, 17‑3
rebound, 18‑18 de Moivre’s formula, 3‑4 wet, 17‑3
recession, 10‑3 de Morgan’s law, 6‑2 Depreciation, 60‑8
recompression, 18‑20 Dead load (ftn), 35‑12 basis, 60‑8
reloading, 18‑18 Debit, 60‑14 period, 60‑8
S-N, 35‑15 Dechlorination, 15‑1, 15‑6 sum-of-the-years’ digits, 3‑16
sag vertical, 50‑6 Decision Depression
sharpness, 4‑5 sight distance, 50‑9 angle, 2‑12
spiral, 50‑5 symbol, 59‑2 capillary, 7‑7
stationing, 50‑1, 50‑4 Declaration, 59‑1 cone of, 12‑4, 57‑11
stress-strain, 35‑1, 35‑10 Declination, 49‑6 Depth
time-temperature-transformation, Decrement, batter, 20‑1 conjugate, 11‑8
36‑21 Deep critical, 11‑7
vertical, 50‑6 strength asphalt pavement, 52‑4 impoundment, 10‑6
vertical, clearance, 50‑12 well, 57‑11 of sorption zone, 14‑12, 14‑13
vertical, equation, 50‑8 Defect perception, 53‑7
vertical, symmetrical parabolic (fig), grain boundary, 36‑15 submergence, 18‑14
50‑7 line, 36‑15 Derivative, 4‑1, 4‑3
virgin, 18‑20 planar, 36‑15 definition, 4‑1
Curvilinear motion, 27‑1, 27‑5, 27‑7 point, 36‑15 partial, 4‑4
Cushion, crash, 53‑3 Defendant, 61‑5 Derived unit, 1‑4
Cut Definite integral, 4‑7 Desalination, 14‑1, 14‑15
and fill, 51‑1 Definition, derivative, 4‑1
base of, 21‑1
Design Diagonal leveling (fig), 49‑5

allowable strength (ASD), 37‑2 bracing, 39‑6 material, 60‑16
allowable stress, 35‑11 shear reinforcement, 38‑6 shear test, 18‑1, 18‑23
and operational parameters for tension stress, 38‑6 work, 57‑10
activated-sludge treatment of Diagram Directed graph, 54‑5
municipal wastewater (tbl), 16‑3 cash flow, 60‑2 Direction
basis flood, 10‑2 collision, 53‑1 cosine, 22‑1
-bid-build method, 55‑1 equilibrium, 36‑17 flow, 12‑3
-build method, 55‑1 free-body, 22‑6 specification, 49‑1, 49‑6
capacity, column, 39‑2 interaction, 39‑4 Directional distribution factor, 52‑16
compressive strength, 44‑4 iron-carbon (tbl), 36‑20 Directrix
compressive strength, steel column, mass, 51‑1, 51‑5 hyperbola, 2‑8
44‑1, 44‑4 moment, 33‑2 parabola, 2‑6
INDEX - D
criteria, 37‑3, 38‑3 nominal interaction, 39‑4 Disbenefit, 60‑12

criteria for sedimentation basins (tbl), phase, 36‑17 Disbursement, 60‑2
14‑5 phase (fig), 18‑10 Discharge
driver, 53‑5 phase, iron-carbon, 36‑1, 36‑19 coefficient of, 9‑5
flood, 10‑2 profile, 51‑5 of contract, 61‑4
interaction diagram, 39‑4 shear, 33‑2 unit, 11‑8
life, 52‑16 Venn, 6‑1 velocity, 18‑15
limit state, 37‑8 working range, 57‑6 Discount factor, 60‑1, 60‑3
load and resistance factor (LFRD), Diameter Discounting, 60‑3
37‑2 agitator, 14‑6 Discrete
of anchored bulkheads, 21‑1, 21‑3 effective hole, 45‑2 numerical event, 6‑10
of braced excavations, 21‑1, 21‑3 hydraulic, 11‑4 random variable, 6‑10, 6‑11
of columns, 44‑1, 44‑5 impeller, 14‑6 variable, variance, 6‑12
of flexible bulkheads, 21‑1, 21‑3 Dielectric constant, 35‑3 Discriminant, 2‑4
of steel beams, 43‑1, 43‑2 Difference Disinfection, 14‑1, 14‑14
of steel columns, 44‑1, 44‑5 between two means, 6‑19 alternative, 13‑8
pavement, 52‑1 common, 3‑14 by-product, 13‑1, 13‑7, 13‑8
pavement thickness, 52‑2 equation, 5‑9 Disintegration, pavement, 52‑7
period, 52‑16 equation, finite, 5‑9 Disjoint set, 6‑1
philosophy, 37‑1, 37‑8 equation, first-order, 5‑10 Dislocation, climb, 35‑18
professional, 61‑6 equation, second-order, 5‑10 Dispersion, 6‑7
program, 59‑1 of means, 6‑1, 6‑18 measure of, 6‑7
sequencing, 54‑3 transmembrane pressure, 14‑20 relative, 6‑10
speed, 48‑5, 50‑9 Differential -strengthened, 36‑13
stopping distance, 53‑5 equation, 5‑1, 5‑4 Displacement, 27‑2
strength, 37‑3 equation, first-order, 5‑1 joint, 26‑4
strength, flexural, 43‑5 equation, first-order linear, 5‑2 linear, 27‑2
strength, shear, 43‑6 equation, linear, 5‑1 Dissociation factor, 14‑19
strength, tension member, 45‑1, 45‑4 equation, linear, solving, 5‑2 Dissolved organic solid, 15‑1
stress, 44‑4 equation, nonhomogeneous, 5‑4 Distance, 27‑1, 27‑2
superpave mixture (tbl), 52‑12, 52‑15 equation, order, 5‑1 angular, 29‑8
sustainable, 62‑2 equation, second-order, 5‑1 between cross sections, 51‑1, 51‑2
tensile strength, 45‑4 equation, second-order linear, 5‑2 between points, 2‑9, 2‑10
traffic, 52‑1, 52‑16 equation, solution, 5‑4 brake reaction, 50‑9
ultimate strength, 35‑12 equation, solution to first-order, 5‑4 decision sight, 50‑9
Designer, building (ftn), 61‑3 leveling, 49‑5 design stopping, 53‑5
Destruction and removal efficiency, 17‑4 manometer, 8‑2, 9‑2 edge, 47‑1
Detail hole, 47‑1 settlement, 19‑1 external, 50‑3
Details, reinforced walls, 41‑1 Difficulty, extreme, 61‑4 haul, 51‑6
Detention Diffused air injection, 14‑4 haul (fig), 51‑6
time, hyraulic, 16‑3 Diffusion, 36‑1, 36‑15 horizontal, 50‑7
time, theoretical, 14‑14 coefficient, 14‑19, 36‑16 measurement, 49‑1, 49‑3
Detention (see also Retention) dopant, 35‑5 passing sight, 50‑9
period, 14‑4 Fick’s law, 35‑5 perception-reaction, 50‑9
time, 14‑4 Diffusivity, 14‑19, 36‑16 PIEV, 50‑9
time, hydraulic, 16‑3, 16‑5 Digester point to circle, 2‑10
Detergent, 13‑5 aerobic, 16‑7 PRT sight, 53‑5
Determinacy, 22‑6 anaerobic, 16‑9 semimajor, ellipse, 2‑7
Determinant gas (see also Methane), 16‑9 semiminor, ellipse, 2‑7
matrix, 3‑7 standard rate, 16‑9 sight, 50‑9
matrix, 3×3, 3‑7 Digester (see also Reactor), 16‑9 sling, 57‑7
Determinate Digestion stopping sight, 50‑9, 50‑11, 50‑12
system, 22‑6 aerobic, 16‑1, 16‑7, 16‑8 stopping sight, crest vertical curve,
truss, 23‑2 anaerobic, 16‑8 50‑6
Deterministic method, 54‑7 Digital model, 59‑6 stopping sight, straight-ahead, 50‑9
Detritus tank, 15‑4 Dilatant fluid, 7‑5 tangent, 50‑3
Devastating flood, 10‑2 Dimension traffic sign viewing, 53‑6
Developer, 61‑3 characteristic, 11‑4 traveled, 27‑2
Development, sustainable, 62‑2 sieve, 18‑3 Distillation, 14‑15
Deviation Dioxide, sulfur, 17‑3, 17‑4 Distortion energy theory, 31‑9
standard, 6‑7, 6‑8, 6‑19 Dioxin, 17‑4 Distribution
standard, continuous variable, 6‑12 Direct beta, 54‑9
standard, sample, 6‑8 access file structure, 59‑7 chi-squared, 6‑15
Devices Manual on Uniform Traffic Control, central impact, 30‑8 coefficient, 14‑20
53‑6 cost, 54‑4 continuous, 6‑10
Dewatering, 57‑10 design method, 40‑3 earth pressure, 20‑2
vacuum, 57‑11 design method, ACI, 38‑2 factor, 26‑3
Dezincification, 36‑5 filtration, 14‑2 function, cumulative, 6‑11
labor, 60‑16 function, probability, 6‑11
leveling, 49‑4 Gaussian, 6‑13
I N D E X I-11
I-11
method, moment, 26‑3 Driver Economic

normal, 6‑13 age, PRT, 53‑5 analysis, 60‑1
normal, confidence interval for the behavior, 53‑5 analysis, engineering, 60‑1
variance, 6‑20 behavior, 85th percentile, 53‑5 Economics
particle size (fig), 18‑4 design, 53‑5 engineering (ftn), 60‑1
ratio, 14‑20 education, 53‑5 factors (tbl), 60‑3
shear stress, beam, 33‑5 error, 53‑7 ECTFE, 36‑9
Student’s t-, 6‑15 familiarity factor, 48‑4 Edge distance, holes, 47‑1
Student’s t- (tbl), 6‑27 noncompliance, 53‑5 EDM, 49‑2
t-, 6‑14, 6‑15 performance, 53‑5 EDTA, 13‑4
t- (tbl), 6‑27 reasonable worst case, 53‑5 Education, driver, 53‑5
trip, 48‑3 Drop Eductor pipe, 12‑3
Distribution (see also type) panel, 40‑3 Effect
INDEX - D
chart, particle size, 18‑5 pressure, 11‑4 of deflection, 46‑2
chart, particle size (fig), 18‑6 Dry P-delta, 46‑1
factor, directional, 52‑16 deposition, 17‑3 P-D, 39‑1
factor, lane, 52‑16 unit weight, 18‑12 photoelectric, 35‑7
particle size, 18‑1, 18‑3 Du piezoelectric, 35‑7
Distributive law, 6‑2 Nouy apparatus (fig), 7‑6 second-order, 46‑1, 46‑2
District, central business, 48‑2 Nouy wire ring, 7‑6 Effective
Disutility, 48‑3 Ductile annual interest rate, 60‑3, 60‑8
Diverge sequence, 3‑14 -brittle transition, 35‑1, 35‑17 area with out-of-plane connectors,
Divergence, 4‑10 cast iron, 36‑4 45‑1, 45‑3
vector field, 4‑10 material, behavior, 35‑1, 35‑12 area, bolted member, 45‑3
Divergent sequence, 3‑14 Ductility, 35‑12, 37‑7 area, welded member, 45‑3
Diverging identity, 4‑11 transition temperature, 35‑17 asphalt content, 52‑9
Divided highway, 48‑3 Dummy flange width, 38‑6
Division, complex number, 3‑4 load method, 26‑1, 26‑4 flange width (fig), 38‑6
DO node, 54‑7 fluid weight, soil, 20‑3
/UNTIL loop, 59‑5 Dumpy level, 49‑4 hole diameter, 45‑2
/WHILE loop, 59‑4 Dupuit equation, 12‑4, 57‑11 interest rate, 60‑3
Document Durability interest rate per period, 60‑8
as-built, 56‑1 concrete, 37‑3 length, 44‑1, 44‑2, 44‑3
construction, 56‑1 factor, 37‑3 length (column), 34‑2
specifications, 56‑2 pavement, 52‑6 length factor, 34‑2, 44‑2
Documentation project, 56‑1 Duration, critical path network, 54‑8 net area, 45‑3
Dollar, 60‑1 Dust, 17‑4 period, 60‑1
Domain -to-binder ratio, 52‑11 pressure, 20‑2
frequency, 5‑6 Dynamic radius of gyration, steel beam, 43‑4
s-, 5‑6 friction, 24‑2, 28‑4 slenderness ratio, 34‑4
spatial, 5‑6 similarity, 9‑6 specific gravity, 52‑9
Dominant load, 26‑3 viscosity, absolute, 7‑5 stress, 18‑1, 18‑14, 20‑1, 20‑2, 31‑9
Donor level, 35‑6 Dynamics, 27‑1 stress in retaining walls, 20‑1, 20‑2
Dopant, 35‑5 fluid, 11‑1 unit weight, 20‑3
atoms, concentration, 35‑5 velocity, 12‑2
atoms, solubility of, 35‑5 E width, 38‑6
diffusion, 35‑5 e work, 57‑10
Dose -log p curve, 18‑18, 18‑20 Effects factor, miscellaneous, 35‑16
noise, permissible (tbl), 58‑6 -log p curve (fig), 18‑18 Efficiency
radiation absorbed (ftn), 2‑11 EAC, 60‑12 current, 14‑16
Dot Earth destruction and removal, 17‑4
product, 3‑12 curvature, 49‑4 electrical, 14‑16
product identities, 3‑13 pressure, 20‑1, 20‑2 equipment, 57‑1
product of parallel unit vectors, 3‑14 pressure coefficient, 20‑4 removal, 14‑15
Double pressure coefficient, active, 20‑4 EIR, 48‑2
-action shear, 42‑2 pressure coefficient, passive, 20‑4 EIT exam, 63‑1
-angle identities, trigonometric, 2‑14 pressure distribution, 20‑2 EJCDC (ftn), 61‑3
-entry bookkeeping (ftn), 60‑14 pressure distributions, active (fig), 20‑3 Elastic
meridian distance, 49‑9 pressure distributions, passive (fig), buckling, 44‑4
root, 2‑4, 5‑3 20‑3 design, steel, 43‑2
Doubly reinforced beams, 38‑5 pressure resultant, 20‑4 impact, 30‑8
Dowel, 42‑3 pressure resultant, active, 20‑4 limit, 35‑11
bar, 42‑3 pressure resultant, passive, 20‑5 modulus, 35‑10
Down necking, 35‑12 pressure, active, 20‑2 potential energy, 30‑5
Dozer, production capability, 57‑2 pressure, passive, 20‑2 region, 35‑11
Dozer (tbl), 57‑2 pressure, Rankine, 20‑5 second-order analysis, 39‑6
Draft Earthwork, 51‑1 section modulus, 33‑3
environmental impact statement, 48‑2 factor load, 51‑1 settlement, 18‑20
force, 14‑4 factor, swell, 51‑1 strain, 35‑11
Drag force, paddle, 14‑7 measure, 51‑1 Elasticity
Dragline (tbl), 57‑2 volume, 51‑1, 51‑4 modulus of, 31‑2, 35‑10, 37‑5, 37‑7
Drain Easement, 50‑5 modulus of, composite material, 36‑13
-down, pavement, 52‑7 East declination, 49‑6 modulus of, concrete, 37‑5
subgrade, 52‑20 EBCDIC, 59‑1 Elastomer, 36‑6
Drawdown, 12‑4 Eccentric Electrical
well, in aquifers, 12‑4 connection, 47‑1 efficiency, 14‑16
Drawing record, 56‑1 loading, 34‑1 flux, 35‑5
Dredge line, 21‑1 Eccentricity, 2‑4, 34‑1 property, 35‑2
Drilled hole, 45‑2 column, 39‑4 Electrode, standard hydrogen, 36‑14
Drinking ellipse, 2‑7 Electrodialysis, 14‑15
water demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 hyperbola, 2‑8 Electrolyte solutions, osmotic pressure,
water regulations, 13‑1, 13‑4 parabola, 2‑6 14‑19
Electrolytic medium, 36‑14
Electromagnetic transduction, 35‑7 potential, elastic, 30‑5 of conditions, 26‑1

Electron-hole pair production, 35‑6 potential, gravity field, 30‑4 of equilibrium, 23‑2
Electronic distance measurement, 49‑2, 49‑3 rotational kinetic, 30‑3 of motion, 28‑3, 28‑5, 28‑6
Electrostatic precipitator (tbl), 17‑6 specific, 11‑7 of motion as a function of time, 28‑5
Element, 3‑5 strain, 31‑5, 35‑17 of motion with constant force and
bimetallic, 32‑2 tapered, 14‑7 mass, 28‑6
horizontal curve (fig), 50‑2 work-, principle, 30‑6 of projectile motion, 27‑10
set, 6‑1 Engineer of rectilinear motion, 28‑3
Elemental semiconductors, extrinsic (tbl), consulting, 63‑1 quadratic, 2‑4
35‑6 ethics, 62‑7 rational, 10‑1, 10‑4
Elevation -In-Training exam, 63‑1 reduced, 5‑4
angle, 2‑12 professional, 63‑1 root of characteristic, 5‑3
curve, 50‑8 registered, 63‑1 Terzaghi-Meyerhof, 19‑4
INDEX - E
measurement, 49‑1, 49‑4 structural, 63‑1 Thiem, 12‑5

tangent, 50‑8 Engineer’s vertical curve, 50‑8
Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, 3‑10 chain, 49‑3 water balance, 10‑1
Elinvar, 36‑6 level, 49‑4 water budget, 10‑1
Ellipse, 2‑5, 2‑7 transit, 49‑5 Equilibrium
area, 2‑17 Engineering diagram, 36‑17
eccentricity, 2‑7 economic analysis, 60‑1 diagram at reaction points (fig), 36‑18
focus, 2‑7 economics (ftn), 60‑1 diagram of a limited solubility alloy
latus rectum, 2‑7 economics factors (tbl), 60‑3 (fig), 36‑17
major axis, 2‑7 licensing, 63‑1 diagram of reaction points, 36‑18
mensuration, 2‑17 registration, 63‑1 equation, 23‑2
minor axis, 2‑7 strain, 31‑2, 35‑9 moisture content, 36‑9
semimajor distance, 2‑7 stress, 35‑9 reactions, types of (tbl), 36‑18
semiminor distance, 2‑7 Engineers Joint Contract Documents requirement, 22‑5
standard form, 2‑7 Committee (ftn), 61‑3 static, 22‑5
Elongation Engineers’ Creed, 62‑1 Equipment, 57‑1
at failure, percent, 35‑13 English angle measurement, 49‑1, 49‑5
curve, load-, 35‑8 Engineering System, 1‑2 compaction, 57‑4
percent, 35‑13 Gravitational System, 1‑4 efficiency, 57‑1
Embankment fill, 51‑1 Entry, 3‑5 excavation and loading, 57‑2
Emission book of original, 60‑14 grading and finishing, 57‑5
rate, lowest achievable, 17‑1 Envelope, failure, 18‑23 hauling and placing, 57‑3
reduction credit, 17‑1 Environmental impact report, 48‑2 hauling and placing (tbl), 57‑3
trading, 17‑1 Equality, Parseval, 5‑6 Equipotential
Emotion, 53‑5 Equalization flow, 15‑1, 15‑2 line, 18‑16
Empirical method, bearing wall, 41‑1 equation Shortt, 50‑5 line, pressure drop, 18‑16
Empty bed approach velocity, 14‑9 Equation Equity, 60‑15
End Andrade’s, 35‑18 account, owners’, 60‑14
built-in, 26‑2 Bernoulli, 11‑2 Equivalence, 60‑1, 60‑3
condition coefficient, 44‑2 Boussinesq’s, 19‑1, 19‑2 single payment, 60‑4
fixed, 26‑2 Carmen-Kozeny, 14‑9 uniform gradient, 60‑6
moment, long column, 39‑7 characteristic, 5‑2, 5‑3 uniform series, 60‑4
moment, short column, 39‑4 complementary, 5‑4 Equivalent
of the curve, 50‑7 continuity, 11‑2 annual cost, 60‑12
point, titration, 13‑3 continuity, incompressible flow, 11‑2 CaCO3, 13‑1
post (truss), 23‑1 Coulomb’s, 18‑24 centrifuge kerosene, 52‑10
quench test, 36‑22 Coulomb’s (ftn), 18‑24 frame method, 40‑3
-restraint coefficient, 34‑2 difference, 5‑9 single-axle load, 52‑15
-restraint coefficient (tbl), 34‑3, 44‑2 difference, finite, 5‑9 spring constant, 30‑5
-restraint factor, 44‑2 difference, first-order, 5‑10 toxic, 17‑5
Endogenous decay coefficient, 16‑5 difference, second-order, 5‑10 uniform annual cost, 60‑10, 60‑12
Endurance differential, 5‑1, 5‑4 weight, 13‑1
limit, 35‑15 differential, first-order linear, 5‑2 Equivalents
limit modifying factors, 35‑15 differential, homogeneous, 5‑1, 5‑2 axial compression method, 46‑1
stress, 35‑15 differential, homogeneous first-order velocity, 12‑2
test, 35‑15 linear, 5‑2 Erosion and sedimentation control, 54‑4
Energy differential, homogeneous second-order Error
activation, 35‑6, 36‑15 linear, 5‑2 driver, 53‑7
conservation principle, 30‑6 differential, linear, solving, 5‑2 mean squared, 6‑22
conversion, 30‑6 differential, second-order linear, 5‑2 measurement, 6‑16
distortion theory, 31‑9 differential, solution to, 5‑4 of estimate, standard, 6‑22
equation, 11‑2 differential, solution to first-order, 5‑4 propagation of, 6‑1, 6‑16
equation, extended, 11‑3 Dupuit, 12‑4, 57‑11 random, 6‑16
equation, steady-flow, 11‑3 energy, 11‑2 Errors and omissions insurance, 61‑7
gap, 35‑6 Euler’s, 3‑4 ESAL, 52‑15
impact (toughness), 35‑17 extended energy, 11‑3 18 kip, 52‑16
ionization, 35‑6 extended field, 11‑3 Estimating cost, 54‑1, 54‑2
kinetic, 30‑1, 30‑2 field, 11‑2 Estimator, 54‑2
kinetic, change, 30‑4 Freundlich, 14‑11 biased, 6‑8
kinetic, linear, 30‑2 Hagen-Poiseuille, 14‑10 unbiased, 6‑6
law of conservation, conservative Hazen-Williams, 11‑6, 11‑7 ETFE, 36‑9
system, 30‑6 hollow cylinder, 29‑5 Ethical priority, 62‑5
law of conservation, nonconservative interaction, 46‑1 Ethics
system, 30‑6 layer-thickness, 52‑18 canon of, 62‑2
level, Fermi, 35‑7 Manning’s, 11‑5 client, 62‑6
levels, impurity, for extrinsic Mohr-Coulomb, 18‑24 code of, 62‑2
semiconductors (tbl), 35‑6 Mohr-Coulomb (ftn), 18‑24 engineer, 62‑7
of a mass, 30‑1 nonlinear, 5‑1 public, 62‑7
potential, 30‑1, 30‑4 of a line, point-slope form, 2‑3 supplier, 62‑6
potential, change, 30‑5 of a line, standard form, 2‑2 EUAC, 60‑10
I N D E X I-13
I-13
Euler External Factor (see also type)

buckling load, 44‑1, 46‑2 distance, 50‑3 absorption, 14‑18
critical load, 44‑1 force, 22‑1 bearing capacity, 19‑4
load, 34‑2, 39‑6 pressurization, 32‑4 capacity reduction, 37‑3
Euler’s Extraction method, 52‑9 directional distribution, 52‑16
column buckling theory, 44‑1 Extractive metallurgy, 36‑1 growth, 52‑16
equation, 3‑4 Extrema, 4‑3 growth projection, 52‑16
formula, 34‑2, 39‑6 Extreme lane distribution, 52‑16
identity, 3‑4 difficulty, 61‑4 lightweight aggregate, 42‑2
Eutectic fiber, 33‑3 load equivalency, 52‑15
alloy, 36‑17 fiber stress, 33‑3 shape, 19‑4
composition, 36‑17 point, 4‑3 strength reduction, 37‑3
line, 36‑17 tension steel, 38‑3 stripping, 14‑18
INDEX - E
material, 36‑17 Extrinsic surface area, 52‑7
point, 36‑17 elemental semiconductors (tbl), 35‑6 truck, 52‑16
reaction, 36‑17 semiconductor, 35‑5, 35‑6 utilization, 48‑10
reaction (tbl), 36‑18 semiconductor, impurity energy levels Factored
temperature, 36‑17 (tbl), 35‑6 load, 37‑9
Eutectoid reaction (tbl), 36‑18 Extrusive, igneous rock, 18‑2 moment, slab beam, 40‑1, 40‑4
Eutrophication, 13‑5 Eye, visual axis, 53‑6 Factory cost, 60‑16
Evaporation Faculative ponds, BOD loading, 15‑3
pan, 10‑6 F Facultative pond, 15‑1, 15‑3
reservoir, 10‑6 F-distribution, critical values (tbl), 6‑29 Failure, 18‑23
Event, 6‑1, 6‑3, 6‑10, 54‑7 F-shape barrier, 53‑3 asphalt pavement, 52‑3
dependent, 6‑3 Fabric filter (tbl), 17‑6 bending, 43‑1, 43‑5
discrete numerical, 6‑10 Face velocity, 14‑9 block shear, 45‑5
independent, 6‑3 Facility, technology, transportation, 48‑1, envelope, 18‑23
numerical, 6‑10 48‑3 fatigue, 35‑15
Exam Factor flexural, 43‑1, 43‑5
engineering, professional, 63‑1 baffling, 14‑14 line, 18‑23
Fundamentals of Engineering, 63‑1 bearing capacity, 19‑5 mode, steel beam, 43‑5
licensing, 63‑1, 63‑2 bearing capacity (tbl), 19‑5 percent elongation, 35‑13
Principles and Practices, 63‑1 bulking, 51‑1 plane, 20‑6
Examination capacity reduction, 35‑12 resistance, slope, 20‑1, 20‑5
licensing, 63‑1, 63‑2 capital recovery, 60‑6 shear, soil, 19‑1
uniform, 63‑2 conversion, 1‑9 slope, 20‑6
Excavation, 21‑1, 51‑1 discount, 60‑1, 60‑3 soil, 18‑24
analysis of braced, 21‑1, 21‑3 dissociation, 14‑19 theory, 31‑9
and loading equipment, 57‑2 driver familiarity, 48‑4 theory, variable loading, 31‑1, 31‑10
common, 51‑1 durability, 37‑3 Fall, 57‑9
design of braced, 21‑1, 21‑3 effective length, 44‑2 -arrest system, 58‑5
rock, 51‑1 end-restraint, 44‑2 protection, 58‑1, 58‑5, 58‑6
safety, 58‑1, 58‑2 endurance limit modifying, 35‑15 Falling
Excavator production capability, 57‑2 fill, 57‑2 -head permeator, 18‑15
Excavator (tbl), 57‑2 heavy vehicle, 48‑5 limb, 10‑3
Exceedance, 6‑15 labor utilization, 57‑10 weight deflectometer, 52‑14
Exemplary damages, 61‑7 lateral torsional buckling, 43‑4 Familiarity factor, driver, 48‑4
Exemption, industrial, 63‑1 load, 35‑12, 35‑16, 37‑9 Faraday’s constant, 14‑15
Exfoliation, 36‑15 load (haulage), 51‑1 Fast
Exhaustion miscellaneous effects, 35‑16 fracture, 35‑14
adsorption, 14‑13 moment, 43‑4 tracking, 54‑5
premature, 15‑6 moment amplification, 46‑1 Fastener, 47‑1
Exit, hydraulic gradient, 18‑17 of safety, 31‑9 Fatigue
Expansion of safety against seepage, 18‑17 failure, 35‑15
bed, 14‑9 of safety against sliding, 20‑7 life, 35‑15
by cofactors, 3‑7 overload, 35‑12 limit, 35‑15
thermal coefficient of, 32‑1, 35‑8 peak hour, 48‑6 resistance, pavement, 52‑6
thermal coefficient of (tbl), 32‑1 resistance, 37‑3 strength, 35‑15
Expected side friction, 50‑6 test, 35‑15
value, 6‑11, 6‑12 single payment compound amount, FATT, 35‑17
value, continuous variable, 6‑12 60‑4 Faulting, pavement, 52‑7
value, discrete variable, 6‑11 single payment present worth, 60‑4 Faying surface, 47‑3
value, sum of random variables, 6‑15 sinking fund, 60‑5 FCC metal, 35‑11, 35‑17
Expense size, 35‑16 FE exam, 63‑1
administrative, 60‑16 strength reduction, 38‑4 Federal alphabet, 53‑6
GS&A, 60‑16 stress concentration, 31‑9 Fee
IME, 60‑16 stress intensity, 35‑14 fixed, cost plus, 61‑4
marketing, 60‑16 stripping, 14‑18 incentive, 61‑4
selling, 60‑16 surface, 35‑16 lump-sum, 61‑3
Experiment, bottle point, 14‑11 temperature, 35‑16 per diem, 61‑4
Expert system, 59‑10 Terzaghi (tbl), 19‑5 percentage of construction cost, 61‑4
Explement angle, 49‑7 time, 18‑22 retainer, 61‑4
Exponential form, complex number, 3‑4 toxic equivalence, 17‑5 salary plus, 61‑4
Exposure uniform gradient, 60‑6 structure, 61‑3
level, noise (tbl), 58‑6 uniform gradient future worth, 60‑6 unit price, 61‑3
limit, permissible, 58‑5 uniform gradient present worth, 60‑6 Feed, 14‑8
Extended uniform gradient uniform series, 60‑7 Feldspar, 18‑2
Binary Coded Decimal Interchange uniform series compound amount, 60‑5 FEP, 36‑8
Code (EBCDIC), 59‑1 uniform series present worth factor, Fermi level, 35‑7
energy equation, 11‑3 60‑5 Ferrimagnetic, 36‑10
field equation, 11‑3 van’t Hoff, 14‑19 Ferrispinel, 36‑10
van’t Hoff (ftn), 14‑19 Ferrite, 36‑10, 36‑19
Ferritic stainless steel, 36‑4
Ferroelectric, 36‑10 -stage reactor volume, 16‑10 Floor

Ferrous metal, 36‑1, 36‑2 term, sequence, 3‑14 beam, 43‑1
FHWA, 53‑7 Fish, toxic effects on, 13‑6 plan, 56‑1
Fiber Fit, goodness of, 6‑23 Flow
extreme, 33‑3 Fixed base, 10‑3
-strengthened, 36‑13 angle jib, 58‑7 cash, 60‑2
stress, extreme, 33‑3 asset, 60‑15 coefficient, 9‑4
Fick’s law of diffusion, 35‑5, 36‑15 axis, 29‑1, 29‑7 coefficient (ftn), 9‑4
Fictive temperature, 36‑9 axis, arbitrary, 29‑9 coefficient (meter), 9‑4
Fiduciary responsibility, 61‑2 axis, rotation about an arbitrary, 29‑9 cold, 35‑18
Field -base method, 10‑3 consistency index, 7‑5
data, 59‑7 cost, 54‑4 curve, 18‑6
density, 18‑13 dissolved solids, 13‑7 direction, 12‑3
equalization, 15‑1, 15‑2
INDEX - F
equation, 11‑2 element, 48‑3

equation, extended, 11‑3 end, 26‑2 free, 53‑1
gradient vector, 4‑10 -end beam, 26‑2 gravity, 11‑4
gravity, potential energy, 30‑4 -end moment, 26‑2 incompressible, continuity equation,
key, 59‑8 -end moment, member, 26‑1, 26‑2 11‑2
unit weight, 18‑13 -film bioprocessing with recycle, 16‑7 incompressible, pipe and conduit, 11‑3
File -film bioprocessing without recycle, incompressible, steady, 11‑3
data, 59‑7 16‑7 line, 18‑16
flat, 59‑9 flux (ftn), 14‑15, 14‑19 measurement, 14‑3
hardness test, 35‑19 media filter, 15‑4 net, 10‑3, 18‑1, 18‑16
indexed, 59‑9 pulley, 24‑1 net, seepage, 18‑1, 18‑16, 18‑17
indexing, 59‑1, 59‑7 solids, 16‑3 noncircular conduit, 11‑4
structure, direct access, 59‑7 suspended solids, 13‑7 open channel, 11‑4, 11‑5
structure, random, 59‑7 Fixity, 44‑2 overland, 10‑3
structure, sequential, 59‑7 Flame retardant, 36‑8 pacing chlorinator, 15‑6
Fill, 51‑1 Flange pressure, 11‑4
and cut, 51‑1 structural steel, 25‑15 rate, 15 minute passenger car
factor, 57‑2 width, effective (fig), 38‑6 equivalent flow, 48‑4
Filler, 36‑6, 36‑8 Flash mixer, 14‑6 rate, recycle, 16‑6
mineral, 52‑5 Flat rate, volumetric, 11‑2
Filter file, 59‑9 shear, 32‑6, 33‑6
backwashing, sand, 14‑9 plate, 40‑3 speed, free, 48‑4
biofilm, 14‑10 slab, 40‑3 steady, well, 12‑4
biological, 15‑4 Flexibility, pavement, 52‑6 subsurface, 10‑3
fabric (tbl), 17‑6 Flexible surface, 10‑3
fixed media, 15‑4 bulkhead, 21‑1, 21‑3 -through velocity, 14‑4
fly, 15‑4 bulkhead, analysis, 21‑1, 21‑3 uniform, 11‑7
high-rate, 15‑5 bulkhead, design, 21‑1, 21‑3 uninterrupted, 48‑3
low-rate, 15‑4 pavement, 52‑3 Flowchart, 59‑2
others, 14‑1, 14‑10 pavement, design, 52‑1, 52‑16 Fluctuating stress, sinusoidal (fig), 31‑10
polishing, 15‑5 pavement, minimum thickness, 52‑18 Fluid, 7‑1
pressure, 14‑10 pavement, structural design, 52‑14 dilatant, 7‑5
roughing, 15‑5 Flexural dynamics, 11‑1
sand, 14‑8, 15‑1, 15‑5 amplification factor, 46‑2 friction, 24‑2
slow, sand, 14‑10 compression, 46‑1 ideal, 7‑4
standard-rate, 15‑4 -compressive force relationship, 46‑1 momentum, 11‑10
super high-rate, 15‑5 design strength, 43‑5 non-Newtonian, dilatant, 7‑5
trickling, 15‑4, 16‑7 failure, 43‑1, 43‑5 non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic, 7‑5
two-stage, 15‑5 /force interaction equation, 46‑1 power law, 7‑5
Filtrate, 14‑8 magnifier, 46‑2 pressure, 7‑2, 8‑1
Filtration, 14‑1, 14‑8 reinforcement, 42‑1, 42‑3 pseudoplastic, 7‑5
complete, 14‑2 strength, steel beams, 43‑1, 43‑2 shear stress, 7‑5
conventional, 14‑2 stress, 33‑3 stress, 7‑4
direction, 14‑2 Flexure surface tension, 7‑6
in-line, 14‑2 critical section, 42‑3 weight, soil, effective, 20‑3
Final slab design, 40‑1, 40‑2 Fluidized bed, 14‑10
cross section, 51‑1, 51‑2 Flint, 18‑2 Flume, Parshall, 14‑3
value theorem, 5‑9 Float, 54‑7 Fluoridation chemicals, 13‑5
Financial statement, 60‑14 time, 54‑7 Fluoride ion, in water, 13‑5
Fine, 52‑2 Floc, 14‑5 Fluoroplastic, 36‑8
aggregate, 52‑5 Flocculation, 14‑1, 14‑5, 14‑7 Fluoropolymer, 36‑8
aggregate screen, wastewater, 15‑3 chemical, 15‑4 Fluorosis, 13‑5
particle, 17‑4 tapered, 14‑8 Flushing, pavement, 52‑7
Fineness-to-effective asphalt ratio, 52‑11 Flocculator, 14‑6, 15‑4 Flux
Fines, 18‑5, 18‑7 -clarifier, 14‑8 electrical, 35‑5
Finite series, 3‑14 -clarifier characteristics, 14‑8 membrane, 14‑11
Firmware, 59‑2 Flood, 10‑2 salt, 14‑19
First damaging, 10‑2 solute, 14‑19
area moment, 4‑9, 25‑1 design, 10‑2 solvent, 14‑20
derivative, 4‑1 design basis, 10‑2 water, 14‑20
moment, 33‑5 devastating, 10‑2 Fly
moment (ftn), 25‑1 hundred year, 10‑2 filter, 15‑4
moment of the area, 4‑9, 25‑1 nuisance, 10‑2 -jib, 57‑6
-order analysis, 39‑6 one percent, 10‑2 Focus
-order characteristic equation, 5‑2 probability, 10‑2 ellipse, 2‑7
-order differential equation, solution, probable maximum, 10‑2 hyperbola, 2‑8
5‑4 standard, 10‑2 parabola, 2‑6
-order differential equation, 5‑1 standard project, 10‑2 Food-to-microorganism ratio, 16‑3
-order linear differential equation, 5‑2 Food (biological), 16‑3
I N D E X I-15
I-15
Footing Fourier’s theorem, 5‑5 reciprocal, 2‑13

cantilever, 19‑2 Fraction, gravimetric component, 36‑18 scalar, 4‑10
column, 19‑2, 42‑1, 42‑2 Fracture shear, 33‑2
combined, 19‑2 appearance transition temperature step, 5‑4
concrete, vii, 36‑25, 42‑1, 42‑3 (FATT), 35‑17 trigonometric, 2‑12, 2‑13
general considerations, 19‑1, 19‑2 fast, 35‑14 work, 35‑7
isolated, 19‑2 length, 35‑13 Functional notation, 60‑7
spread, 19‑2 strength, 35‑11 Functionality, mer, 36‑7
strip, 19‑2 toughness, 35‑14 Fund sinking, 60‑5
wall, 19‑2, 42‑1, 42‑2 transition plastic (FTP) temperature, Fundamental
FOR loop, 59‑5 35‑17 constants (tbl), 1‑8
Force, 1‑1, 22‑1 Frame, 23‑1, 26‑5 frequency, 5‑5
active, on retaining wall, 20‑5 deflection, 26‑1, 26‑5 theorem of integral calculus, 4‑7
INDEX - F
and strains (fig), 38‑3 deflection, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑5 Fundamentals of Engineering exam, 63‑1
buoyant, 8‑6 Fraud, 61‑5 Future
centrifugal, 29‑1, 29‑9, 29‑10 compensatory, 61‑5 worth, 60‑4
centripetal, 29‑1, 29‑9 Frauds, statute of (ftn), 61‑1 worth (tbl), 60‑3
component, 22‑1 Fraudulent act, 61‑5
concurrent, 22‑5 Free G
constant, 28‑6 aquifer, 12‑1 GAC, 15‑6
-couple system, 22‑4 -body diagram, 22‑6 Gage
draft air injection, 14‑4 flow, 53‑1 pressure, 7‑2
external, 22‑1 flow speed, 48‑4 spacing, 45‑2
frictional, 24‑2, 28‑4 -machining steel, 36‑2 Gain system, 5‑4
hydrostatic, 8‑1, 8‑4 moment, 22‑4 Galvanic
internal, 22‑1, 23‑1 pulley, 24‑1 action, 36‑14
majeure, 61‑2 residual, 13‑7 cell, 36‑14
mobilized shear, 20‑7 space, permittivity of, 35‑3 series, 36‑14
normal, 24‑2, 28‑4 surface, 11‑4 series in seawater (tbl), 36‑14
resultant, 22‑2 Freedom, degrees of, 6‑15, 36‑20 Gamma
resultant of two-dimensional, 22‑1 Freehaul distance, 51‑6 function, 6‑15
spring, 30‑4 Freeway, 48‑3 -iron, 36‑19
system of, 22‑1, 22‑4 Freeze-thaw cycle, 52‑14 Gantt chart, 54‑5
tensile, 24‑1 Frequency Gap
two-dimensional, 22‑1 domain, 5‑6 energy, 35‑6
unbalanced, 22‑1 fundamental, 5‑5 -graded mix, 52‑6
Force, nonconservative, 30‑7 natural, 5‑5 -graded soil, 18‑4
Forcing function, 5‑4 recurrence interval, 10‑2 Gas
Foresight, 49‑4 Fretting, corrosion, 36‑15 digester (see also Methane), 16‑9
Form Freundlich loading rate, 14‑18
Cartesian coordinate system, 27‑2 equation, 14‑11 Gauss-Jordan elimination, 3‑10
Cartesian unit vector, 27‑2 isotherm, 14‑11 Gaussian distribution, 6‑13
center-radius, 2‑9 Friction, 24‑1, 24‑2, 28‑1, 28‑4 General
exponential, complex number, 3‑4 angle, thread, 24‑4 considerations for footings, 19‑1, 19‑2
general, conic section, 2‑5 belt, 24‑1, 24‑2 contractor, 61‑3
general, straight-line, 2‑2 coefficient, 47‑3 damages, 61‑7
normal, conic section, 2‑5 coefficient of, 24‑2, 28‑4 expense, 60‑16
point-slope, 2‑3 Coulomb, 24‑2 form, conic section, 2‑5
polar, 3‑3 dynamic, 24‑2, 28‑4 form, straight-line, 2‑2
polar, complex number, 3‑3 factor, side, 50‑6 ledger, 60‑14
rectangular, 3‑2 fluid, 24‑2 ledger system (ftn), 60‑14
rectangular coordinate (position), 27‑2 head loss, 11‑3 Motors barrier, 53‑3
slope-intercept, 2‑2 law of, 28‑4 selling, and administrative selling
standard, circle, 2‑9 static, 24‑2, 28‑4 (GS&A) expense, 60‑16
standard, ellipse, 2‑7 stiction, 28‑4 shear failure, 19‑1
standard, hyperbola, 2‑8 Friction (see also type) spandrel, 25‑12
standard, sphere, 2‑10 angle, effective stress, 18‑24 spandrel, area moment of inertia, 25‑12
standard, straight-line, 2‑2 course, open-graded, 52‑6 spandrel, centroid, 25‑12
trigonometric, 3‑2 internal, angle of, 18‑24 strain, 31‑1, 31‑8
vector, 22‑1 Frictional force, 24‑2, 28‑4 triangle, 2‑15
vector (position), 27‑2 Frictionless surface, 22‑7 Geodetic
vector (position), unit, 27‑2 Frost effect, 52‑14 level, 49‑4
vector, two-dimensional force, 22‑1 Froude number, 9‑6, 11‑9 survey, 49‑1
Formula FTP, 35‑17 Geographic Information System, 49‑3
de Moivre’s, 3‑4 Full Geometric
Euler’s, 34‑2, 39‑6 -depth asphalt pavement, 52‑4 delay, 48‑8
prismoidal, 51‑4 station, 49‑4 mean, 6‑7
quadratic, 2‑4 Fully spiraled circular curve (fig), 50‑5 progression, 3‑15
rational, 10‑4 Function, 59‑2 sequence, 3‑15
Taylor’s, 3‑16 binomial probability, 6‑13 similarity, 9‑6
Forward density (see also Distribution Giardia, cyst (tbl), 14‑21
soil pressure, 20‑2 function), 6‑11 Gibbs’ phase rule, 36‑20
stationing, 50‑5 forcing, 5‑4 Girder, 43‑1
tangent, 50‑1 gamma, 6‑15 plate, 43‑2
Foundation, 19‑1, 52‑1 hashing, 59‑9 Girt, 43‑2
shallow, 19‑1 potential, Laplace, 4‑11 GIS, 49‑3
Four-phase signal, 48‑8 probability density, 6‑1, 6‑10, 6‑11 Glare, 53‑6
Fourier probability distribution, 6‑1, 6‑11 blindness, 53‑6
analysis, 5‑5 probability distribution, continuous recovery, 53‑6
coefficient, 5‑5 random variable, 6‑11 Glass, 36‑9
series, 5‑5 probability distribution, discrete behavior (fig), 36‑9
transform, 5‑6 random variable, 6‑11 common, 36‑9
transform (tbl), 5‑7 probability mass, 6‑10 fibers, chopped, 36‑8
transition temperature, 36‑9 margin, 60‑16 Hauling

volcanic, 18‑2 rain, 10‑5 and placing equipment, 57‑3
Global Ground level ozone, 17‑3 and placing equipment (tbl), 57‑3
instability, 20‑6 Groundwater table, 20‑2 Hazard
maximum moment, 26‑3 Group acute, 58‑4
positioning system, 49‑2 A, steel, 36‑3 chronic, 58‑4
variable, 59‑4 D, steel, 36‑3 (see also type) chemical, 58‑1, 58‑3
GM barrier, 53‑3 H, steel, 36‑3 Hazardous
Gneiss, 18‑2 index, 18‑7 air pollutant, 17‑2
Goodman theory, modified, 31‑10 load, placement to maximize local pollutant, 17‑1
Goodness of fit, 6‑23 moment, 26‑4 Hazen
GOTO, 59‑5 M, steel, 36‑3 uniformity coefficient, 18‑4
-less programming, 59‑4 O, steel, 36‑3 -Williams equation, 11‑6, 11‑7
Government bronze, 36‑5 process, 54‑1 -Williams roughness coefficient, 11‑6
GPS, 49‑2 S, steel, 36‑3 HCP metal, 35‑11, 35‑17
Gradation, 18‑5 T, steel, 36‑3 Head
Grade W, steel, 36‑3 hydraulic, 14‑8
line, 51‑3 Growth factor, 52‑16 loss due to friction, 11‑3
performance, asphalt, 52‑11 GS&A expense, 60‑16 protection, 58‑5
point, 51‑3 Guardrail, 53‑3 sheave, 57‑6
rate of change in, 50‑8 highway, 53‑3 velocity, 11‑11
Grader, 57‑5 tension cable, 53‑3 Health company, 60‑15
Grader (tbl), 57‑5 W-beam, 53‑3 Heap sort, 59‑8
Gradient, 4‑10 Gunter’s chain, 49‑3 Heaped capacity, 57‑2, 57‑3
INDEX - G
critical hydraulic, 18‑17 Gyration, 29‑2 Hearing, 53‑7

exit hydraulic, 18‑17 mass radius, 29‑2 protection, 58‑6
hydraulic, 18‑15 radius of, 25‑16 Heat
identity, 4‑11 Gyratory capacity, specific, 35‑7
mixing velocity, 14‑7 compaction effort, superpave (tbl), capacity, volumetric, 35‑7
scalar function, 4‑10 52‑15 capacity, volumetric (ftn), 36‑13
series cash flow, 60‑3 compactor, 52‑11 molar specific, 35‑7
vector field, 4‑10 specific, composite material, 36‑13
velocity, 7‑5 H -treatable stainless steel, 36‑4
vertical seepage exit, 18‑18 HAA5, 13‑8 treatment, 36‑21
Grading Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 14‑10 Heavy
and finishing equipment, 57‑5 Half damping, 5‑3
soil, 18‑4 -angle identities, 2‑15 vehicle factor, 48‑5
system, binder (tbl), 52‑12 -angle trigonometric identity, 2‑15 vehicle median barrier, 53‑3
Grain -cell, 36‑14 vehicle median barrier (fig), 53‑4
boundary defect, 36‑15 -cell potential, 36‑14 Height
-boundary surface area, 36‑24 -year rule, 60‑2 of packing, 14‑18
in standard area, 36‑23 Halite, 18‑2 of the instrument, 49‑5
size number, ASTM, 36‑23 Haloacetic acid, 13‑8 of transfer unit, 14‑18
size, ASTM, 36‑23 Halogenated compound, 13‑1, 13‑7 piezometric, 12‑1
size, metal, 36‑23 Hard Helmet, 58‑5
unit, 13‑3 hat, 58‑5 Henry’s
Granite, 18‑2 material, 35‑8 law, 14‑17
Granular water, 14‑13 law constant, 14‑17
activated carbon, 14‑11, 15‑6 Hardenability, 36‑22 Hexadecimal, 59‑1
soil, 20‑1, 20‑2 curve, Jominy, 36‑22 Hierarchical database, 59‑10
Graph directed, 54‑5 curve, Jominy (fig), 36‑22 Hierarchy of operations, 59‑1, 59‑5
Graphitic iron, compacted, 36‑4 test, Jominy, 36‑22 High
Gravel pack, well, 12‑3 Hardening -alloy steel, 36‑2
Gravimetric age, 36‑5 -carbon steel, 36‑2
capacity, 57‑4 age (ftn), 36‑4 -early strength portland cement, 37‑4
component fraction, 36‑18 precipitation, 36‑5 -level language, 59‑1, 59‑3
Gravitational precipitation (ftn), 36‑4 point, 50‑8
constant, 1‑1, 1‑2, 18‑13 strain, 36‑21 -rate filter, 15‑5
potential energy, 30‑4 work, 36‑21 rate reactor volume, 16‑9
Gravity Hardness, 36‑22 -strength bolt, 47‑1
acceleration, 1‑1, 1‑2 calcium, 13‑3 -strength low-alloy steel, 37‑6
center, 4‑8 carbonate, 13‑3 -strength steel, 36‑2
center of, 25‑3 ions, water, 13‑4 Highway, 48‑3
flow, 11‑4 magnesium, 13‑3 divided, 48‑3
model, 48‑3 noncarbonate, 13‑3, 13‑4 guardrail, 53‑3
specific, 7‑2, 18‑13 number, Brinell, 35‑19 pavement design, load equivalency
wall, 20‑1 permanent, 13‑4 factors for (tbl), 52‑17
well, 12‑1, 12‑3 Rockwell, 36‑22 pavement thickness, 52‑2
Gray cast iron, 36‑4 test, 35‑18, 36‑22 Hinged pole, 53‑3
Green’s test, Brinell, 35‑19 Hit searching, 59‑8
law, 51‑2 test, Rockwell, 35‑19 Hole, 35‑6
theorem, 51‑2 water, 13‑3, 13‑4 detail, 47‑1
Greenman v. Yuba Power (ftn), 61‑6 Hardware, 59‑2 drilled, 45‑2
Greenshields’ model, 48‑7 Hardwood, 36‑9 electron- pair, 35‑6
Grid meridian, 49‑6 Harmonic series, 5‑5 oversized, 47‑1
Grit, 15‑3 Hashing, 59‑9 punched, 45‑2
chamber, 15‑3 algorithm, 59‑9 slotted, 47‑1
chamber, aerated, 15‑4 function, 59‑9 spacing, 47‑1
clarifier, 15‑4 Hastelloy, 36‑6 standard, 45‑2
Gross Haul Hollow
area, 45‑1 distance, 51‑6 cylinder, properties of, 29‑5
bearing capacity, 19‑4 distance (fig), 51‑6 shell, 32‑6
structural section, 37‑7
I N D E X I-17
I-17
Homogeneous I Indenter, brale, 35‑19

differential equation, 5‑1, 5‑2 IC, 29‑7 Independent
differential equation, first-order linear, Ideal event, 6‑3
5‑2 cable, 24‑1 random variables, standard deviation
differential equation, second-order column, 44‑1 of sum, 6‑16
linear, 5‑2 fluid, 7‑4 random variables, variance of sum, 6‑16
system of units, 1‑2 Idempotent law, 6‑1 Indeterminacy, 22‑6
Hooke’s Identification, 53‑5 degree of, 26‑1
law, 31‑2, 33‑4, 35‑10 Identities, half-angle, 2‑15 Indeterminate
law, spring, 30‑4 Identity beam, 26‑1, 26‑2
law, three dimensions, 31‑8 cross product, 3‑14 statically, 26‑1
Hoop stress, 32‑3, 32‑4 curl, 4‑11 statics, 26‑1
Horizontal diverging, 4‑11 system, 22‑6
boom tower crane, 57‑8 dot product, 3‑13 Index, 59‑8
control line, 50‑6 Euler’s, 3‑4 Air Quality, 17‑5
curve, 50‑1 gradient, 4‑11 compressibility, 18‑19
curve elements (fig), 50‑2 law, 6‑1 compression, 18‑18, 18‑19
distance, 50‑7 logarithmic, 3‑1 consistency, 7‑5
flow grit chamber, 15‑4 matrix, 3‑8 group, 18‑7
load, 52‑2 trigonometric, 2‑13 plasticity, 18‑6, 18‑7
sightline offset, 50‑12 trigonometric, double-angle, 2‑14 Pollutant Standards (ftn), 17‑5
soil pressure, 20‑4 trigonometric, half-angle, 2‑15 property, soil, 18‑11
Host ingredient, 36‑16 trigonometric, miscellaneous, 2‑15 recompression, 18‑20
Hot trigonometric, two-angle, 2‑14 record, 59‑8
INDEX - H
in-place recycling, 52‑20 vector, 3‑1, 3‑13, 4‑11 sludge volume, 16‑4
mix asphalt, 52‑4 IF THEN statement, 59‑4 terminal serviceability, 52‑15, 52‑17
mix recycling, 52‑20 Igneous rock, 18‑2 Indexed
treatment, metals, 36‑21 Imaginary file, 59‑9
working, 36‑21 number, 3‑2 sequential file, 59‑7
Hour factor, peak, 48‑6 unit vector, 3‑2 Indexing file, 59‑1, 59‑7
Hundred IME expense, 60‑16 Indicator solution, 13‑1, 13‑3
year flood, 10‑2 Imhoff cone, 13‑7 Indirect
year storm, 10‑2 Immediate settlement, 18‑20 cost, 54‑4
Hveem Impact, 30‑1, 30‑8 leveling, 49‑5
mix design method, 52‑10 attenuator, 53‑3 leveling (fig), 49‑5
stabilometer, 52‑11 direct central, 30‑8 manufacturing expense, 60‑16
Hveem’s resistance value, 52‑2 elastic, 30‑8 material and labor cost, 60‑16
Hydrated lime, 14‑13 energy (toughness), 35‑17 Industrial exemption, 63‑1
Hydration, 36‑10, 37‑3 inelastic, 30‑8 Ineffective work, 57‑10
Hydraulic modeling, vehicle, 53‑4 Inelastic
conductivity, 12‑2 perfectly inelastic, 30‑8 buckling, 44‑4
detention time, 16‑3, 16‑5 perfectly plastic, 30‑8 design, 43‑2
diameter, 11‑4 protection, 58‑1, 58‑5 impact, 30‑8
gradient, 18‑15 velocity after, 30‑9 strain, 35‑11
head, 14‑8 Impeller Inertia
jumps, 11‑9 characteristics, 14‑1, 14‑7 area moment of, 4‑8, 25‑4
loading, surface, 14‑18 diameter, 14‑6 area moment of, for circles, 25‑8
radius, 11‑4 mixer power, turbulent flow, 14‑7 area moment of, for circular sectors,
residence time, 14‑4, 16‑3 mixing, 14‑7 25‑10
truck crane, 58‑6 Impermeability, pavement, 52‑6 area moment of, for circular segments,
Hydraulics, 11‑1 Impounding reservoir, 10‑6 25‑10
Hydrochloric acid, 13‑7 Impoundment depth, 10‑6 area moment of, for general spandrels,
Hydrogen electrode, standard, 36‑14 Impulse, 11‑10 25‑12
Hydrograph, 10‑3 linear, 30‑7 area moment of, for nth parabolic
analysis, 10‑3 -momentum principle, 11‑10, 30‑7 areas, 25‑13
separation, 10‑3 -momentum principle for a particle, area moment of, for parabolas, 25‑11
stream, 10‑3 30‑7 area moment of, for rectangles, 25‑6
Hydrologic cycle, 10‑1 -momentum principle for a system of area moment of, for rhomboids, 25‑7
Hydrolyzing metal ion, 14‑5 particles, 30‑7 area moment of, for semiparabolas,
Hydrometer test, 18‑4 Impurity energy levels for extrinsic 25‑12
Hydrostatic semiconductors (tbl), 35‑6 area moment of, for trapezoids, 25‑7
force, 8‑1, 8‑4 In area moment of, for triangles, 25‑4
paradox, 8‑1 -line filtration, 14‑2 centroidal moment of, 4‑9, 25‑14, 33‑4
paradox, 8‑4 -place recycling, 52‑19 mass moment of, 29‑1
pressure, 8‑1 situ, 51‑1 moment of, 4‑9, 25‑1, 25‑14, 25‑16
pressure (see also Pressure), 20‑2 Inactivation requirements, removal and polar moment of, 25‑14, 32‑5
resultant, 8‑4 (tbl), 14‑9 product of, 25‑6, 25‑17, 29‑3, 29‑4,
Hyetograph, 10‑2 Incentive fee, 61‑4 29‑5, 29‑6, 29‑7
Hyperbola, 2‑5, 2‑8 Incident delay, 48‑8 Inertial
asymptote, 2‑8 Incineration, 17‑4 frame of reference, 27‑8
conjugate axis, 2‑8 Income, 60‑14 frame of reference, Newtonian, 27‑8
directrix, 2‑8 net, 60‑14 survey, 49‑2
eccentricity, 2‑8 Incompressible Infinite
focus, 2‑8 flow, continuity equation, 11‑2 series, 3‑14
standard form, 2‑8 flow, pipe and conduit, 11‑3 series, capitalized costs for, 60‑10
transverse axis, 2‑8 flow, steady, 11‑3 Inflation, 60‑11
Hypochlorous acid, 13‑7 Inconel, 36‑6 interest rate adjusted for, 60‑11
Hypolimnion, 13‑6 -X, 36‑6 rate, 60‑11
Hypotenuse, 2‑12 Incremental Inflection
Hypothesis analysis, 60‑12 point, 4‑3
null, 53‑2 compiler, 59‑3 point, test, 4‑4
test, 6‑20, 53‑2 Indefinite integral, 4‑7
Influence point of, 50‑3 K-value method, 50‑9

chart, Newmark, 19‑3 signalized, 48‑1, 48‑8 Kennedy’s
cone, 19‑3 Interval law, 29‑7
radius of, 12‑4 all-red, 48‑9 rule, 29‑7
value chart, 19‑3 confidence, 6‑1, 6‑18 theorem, 29‑7
value method, 19‑3 confidence, difference between two Kern, 34‑1
value, soil, 19‑3 means, 6‑19 Kernel, 34‑1
zone of, 19‑1, 19‑3 of convergence, 3‑16 Kerosene equivalent, centrifuge, 52‑10
Ingredient red clearance, 48‑9 Key, 59‑8
alloying, 36‑16 red clearance, traffic signal, 48‑9 field, 59‑8
host, 36‑16 return, 10‑2 Key (footing), 20‑1
parent, 36‑16 traffic signal, 48‑1, 48‑8 Keyword, 59‑8
Inhalable coarse particle, 17‑4 yellow, 48‑8 Kick-out, toe, 21‑3
Initial yellow, traffic signal, 48‑8 Kilogram, 1‑1
abstraction, 10‑1 Intrinsic Kinematic
modulus, 36‑12, 37‑5 band, 35‑6 similarity, 9‑6
project cost, 60‑3 machine code, 59‑3 viscosity, 7‑5
value, 5‑1 semiconductor, 35‑5, 35‑6 Kinematics, 27‑1
value problem, 5‑1 Introduction to kinematics, 27‑1 introduction, 27‑1
value theorem, 5‑9 Intrusive igneous rock, 18‑2 Kinetic
Injured party, 61‑5 Invar, 36‑6 energy, 30‑1, 30‑2
Inorganic salt, removal, in wastewater, 15‑1 rod, 49‑4 energy, change in, 30‑4
Input /output symbol, 59‑2 Inventory energy, linear, 30‑2
Insertion sort, 59‑8 days supply of, 60‑16 energy, rigid body, 30‑3
Instability report (ftn), 60‑14 energy, rotational, 30‑3
global, 20‑6 turnover, 60‑16 Kinetics, 28‑1
local, 20‑6 Inversability, 49‑2 of a particle, 28‑1, 28‑5
slope, 20‑6 Inverse Kneading compactor, 52‑10
Instant center, 29‑7 Laplace transform, 5‑9 Knoop test, 35‑19, 36‑22
Instantaneous matrix, 3‑8
center, 30‑3 transform, 5‑6 L
center of rotation, 29‑7 Inversing, 49‑6 L’Hôpital’s rule, 4‑6
value, 27‑3 Inversion, atmospheric, 17‑3 Labor
velocity, 27‑1 Ion bar chart, 13‑2 direct, 60‑16
Instruction macro, 59‑3 Ionization energy, 35‑6 utilization factor, 57‑10
INDEX - L
Instructions, machine language, 59‑3 Iron variance, 60‑17

Instrument, telescopic, 49‑1 alpha-, 36‑19 Laborer’s lien, 61‑4
Insurance, 61‑7 carbide, 36‑19 Lagoon
errors and omissions, 61‑7 -carbon phase diagram, 36‑1, 36‑19 aerated, 15‑3
Integral -carbon phase diagram (tbl), 36‑20 aerated, stabilization, 15‑3
definite, 4‑7 cast, 36‑4, 36‑19 stabilization, 15‑3
indefinite, 4‑7 delta-, 36‑19 Lame’s solution, 32‑4
Integration, 4‑7 gamma-, 36‑19 Lamellar appearance, 36‑19
constant of, 5‑1 ion, in water, 13‑4 Lane distribution factor, 52‑16
Intelligence, artificial, 59‑10 wrought, 36‑5 Langmuir isotherm, 14‑11
Intensity Irrational number, 3‑2 Language
factor, stress, 35‑14 Irreducible value, 48‑2 assembly, 59‑3
mixing, 14‑7 Irregular boundaries, 49‑1, 49‑10 high-level, 59‑1, 59‑3
Interaction Irrelevant characteristic, 60‑1 low-level, 59‑3
diagram, 39‑4, 39‑8, 39‑9 Isogonic line, 49‑6 machine, 59‑3
equation, 46‑1 Isolated footing, 19‑2 portable, 59‑4
equation, flexural force, 46‑1 Isoprene latex, 36‑6 structured, 59‑3
Intercept Isotherm, 14‑12 Lanthanum barium copper oxide, 36‑10
confidence interval, 6‑23 Freundlich, 14‑11 Laplace
x-, 2‑1 Langmuir, 14‑11 transform, 5‑8
y-, 2‑1 Isotropic material, 31‑2 transform (tbl), 5‑9
Interest transform, inverse, 5‑9
compound, 60‑7 J Laplacian, 4‑11
rate adjusted for inflation, 60‑11 Jackson and Moreland alignment chart function, scalar, 4‑11
rate factor (tbl), 60‑19, 60‑20, 60‑21, (fig), 44‑3 Large eccentricity, 39‑5
60‑22, 60‑23, 60‑24, 60‑25, 60‑26, Jam density, 48‑7 Lateral
60‑27, 60‑28 Jersey barrier, 53‑3 bracing, 43‑1, 43‑3
rate per period, 60‑8 Jib, 58‑7 clearance, right-side, 48‑4
rate, effective, 60‑3 fly-, 57‑6 spreading cracking, pavement, 52‑7
rate, effective annual, 60‑3, 60‑8 Job cost accounting, 60‑16 support, 43‑1, 43‑3
rate, nominal, 60‑8 Joint, 23‑1 torsional buckling, 43‑1, 43‑4
simple, 60‑7 displacement, 26‑4 torsional buckling modification factor,
Interior Joints, method of, 23‑1, 23‑2 43‑4
angle, 49‑7 Joist, 43‑1 Latex, isoprene, 36‑6
angle, curve, 50‑1 Jominy Latitude, 49‑7
Intermediate column, 44‑2 end quench test, 36‑22 Latus
Intermittent sand filter, 15‑5 hardenability curve, 36‑22 rectum, ellipse, 2‑7
Internal hardenability curves for six steels (fig), rectum, parabola, 2‑6
force, 22‑1, 23‑1 36‑22 Launching, 53‑3
friction, angle of, 18‑24 Joule, 1‑6 Law
pressurization, 32‑4 Journal, 60‑14 Abrams’, strength, 36‑11
work, 31‑5 Jump, hydraulic, 11‑9 associative, 6‑2
International Building Code, 37‑2 commutative, 6‑2
Interpolymer, 36‑6 K complement, 6‑2
Interpreter, 59‑3 K conservation, 11‑1
Intersection -monel metal, 36‑6 conservation of energy, conservative
angle, 50‑1, 50‑2 -rail, 53‑3 system, 30‑6
of two sets, 6‑1 -rail barrier, 53‑3
I N D E X I-19
I-19
conservation of energy, direct (fig), 49‑5 horizontal control, 50‑6

nonconservative system, 30‑6 indirect, 49‑5 isogonic, 49‑6
conservation of momentum, 28‑1 indirect (fig), 49‑5 liquidus, 36‑17
Darcy’s, 12‑2 resource, 54‑5 mud, 21‑1
de Morgan’s, 6‑2 rod, 49‑4 of action (vector), 3‑11
distributive, 6‑2 Lever rule, 36‑1, 36‑18 parts of the, 58‑7
Fick’s, 36‑15 Leverage, 60‑15 perpendicular, slope, 2‑1
Green’s, 51‑2 LFRD, 37‑2 point-slope form, 2‑2, 2‑3
Henry’s, 14‑17 Liability pull, 58‑7
Hooke’s, 31‑2, 33‑4, 35‑10 account, 60‑14 rupture, 18‑23
Hooke’s, spring, 30‑4 current, 60‑15 segment, centroid of, 25‑2
Hooke’s, three dimensions, 31‑8 long-term, 60‑15 solidus, 36‑17
idempotent, 6‑1 strict, in tort, 61‑6 straight, 2‑1
identity, 6‑1 third-party (ftn), 61‑6 tie (temperature), 36‑18
Kennedy’s, 29‑7 Licensing, 63‑1 virgin compression, 18‑18
Little’s, 48‑9 LIDAR, 49‑2 waiting, 48‑9
Newton’s second, 28‑2, 28‑5 Lien Linear
Newton’s second, for a particle, 28‑2 construction, 61‑4 combination, 6‑17
Newton’s second, for a rigid body, 28‑2 laborer’s, 61‑4 differential equation, 5‑1
of compound probability, 6‑4 materialman’s, 61‑4 differential equation, first-order, 5‑2
of conservation of angular momentum, mechanic’s, 61‑4 differential equation, second-order, 5‑2
29‑8 perfecting the, 61‑4 differential equation, solving, 5‑2
of cosines, 2‑16 supplier’s, 61‑4 displacement, 27‑2
of friction, 28‑4 Life expansion, thermal, 32‑1
of joint probability, 6‑4 fatigue, 35‑15 impulse, 30‑7
of motion, Newton’s first, 28‑1 service, 60‑8 kinetic energy, 30‑2
of motion, Newton’s second, 28‑1 Lift, 18‑15, 57‑4 momentum, 28‑1
of sines, 2‑15 angle chart, 58‑8 regression, 6‑21
of total probability, 6‑4 capacity chart, 58‑8 search, 59‑8
of viscosity, Newton’s, 7‑5 range chart, 58‑8 strain, 31‑2, 35‑11
Pascal’s, 8‑1 rigging, multiple, 57‑9 system, 27‑3
power (fluid), 7‑5 table, crane, 58‑8 thermal expansion, coefficient of, 35‑8
set, 6‑1 Light variable, 27‑1, 27‑9
Lawsuit, criminal (ftn), 61‑5 damping, 5‑3 Linked list, 59‑9
Lawsuit (ftn), 61‑5 -intensity-contrast ratio, 53‑6 Linker, 59‑3
INDEX - L
Layer Lightweight Lintel, 43‑1
asphalt surfacing (fig), 52‑3 aggregate factor, 42‑2 Liquefaction, 18‑1, 18‑16
coefficient, 52‑18 concrete, 36‑11 Liquid
strength coefficient, 52‑18 Lignin, 36‑9 asset, 60‑15
-thickness equation, 52‑18 Limb limit, 18‑6, 18‑7
Layered falling, 10‑3 loading rate, 14‑18
appearance, 36‑19 rising, 10‑3 supercooled, 36‑9
geological strata, 58‑1 Lime Liquidated damages, 61‑7
Lead, 17‑4, 24‑3 hydrated, 14‑13 Liquidity, 60‑15
Learning curve, 57‑10 slaked, 14‑13 Liquidus line, 36‑17
Least -soda ash process, 14‑13 Liquor, mixed, 16‑2, 16‑5
squares balancing, 49‑8 Limestone, sweetening with, 37‑4 List
squares method, 6‑21, 49‑8 Limit, 4‑6 linked, 59‑9
Ledger, 60‑14 Atterberg, 18‑1, 18‑6 threaded, 59‑9
account, 60‑14 column longitudinal reinforcement, Lithium admixture, 37‑4
general, 60‑14 39‑2 Little’s law, 48‑9
Legal compression-controlled strain, 38‑4 Live load (ftn), 35‑12
capacity, 61‑1 confidence, for the mean, 6‑19 Load
speed limit, 48‑5 consistency, 18‑6 and resistance factor design, 43‑2
Length, 44‑1, 44‑2 elastic, 35‑11 and resistance factor design (LFRD),
arc, 27‑9 endurance, 35‑15 37‑2
between points, 2‑10 existence (fig), 4‑6 applied, pressure, 19‑1, 19‑2
characteristic, 11‑9 fatigue, 35‑15 block, 58‑7
crest curve, 50‑11 liquid, 18‑6, 18‑7 buckling (column), 34‑2, 39‑6
curve, 50‑2 lower confidence, 6‑18 capacity, 57‑6
effective column, 34‑2 minimum reinforcement, 38‑4 -carrying wall, 41‑1
factor, effective, 34‑2 modifying factors, endurance, 35‑15 chart, 57‑6
fracture, 35‑13 plastic, 18‑6, 18‑7 chart (tbl), 57‑7
measurement, boom (fig), 57‑7 proportionality, 35‑11 chart, crane, 58‑8
middle ordinate, 50‑3 state, 37‑8 concentric, 39‑7
of curve, 50‑2 state design, 43‑2 critical, 39‑6
plastic, 43‑4 states, strength, 46‑1 critical (column), 34‑2, 39‑6
point to circle, 2‑10 upper confidence, 6‑18 dead (ftn), 35‑12
PRT amber phase, 53‑5 Limited solubility alloy, equilibrium dominant, 26‑3
spiral transition, 50‑5 diagram (fig), 36‑17 -elongation curve, 35‑8
vertical curve, 50‑12 Line equivalency factor, 52‑15
Letter angle between, 2‑11 equivalent single-axle, 52‑15
height, sign, 53‑6 angle between two, 2‑3 Euler, 34‑2, 39‑6
of agreement, 61‑1 balance (fig), 51‑6 Euler bucking, 46‑2
Level defect, 36‑15 factor, 35‑12, 35‑16, 37‑9
confidence, 6‑1, 6‑15 dredge, 21‑1 factor (haulage), 51‑1
of service, 48‑3 equipotential, 18‑16 factor design, 43‑2
survey, 49‑3, 49‑4 equipotential pressure drop, 18‑16 factor design method, 35‑12
surveying, 49‑1, 49‑4 eutectic, 36‑17 factored, 37‑9
working, 17‑4 failure, 18‑23 group, placement to maximize local
Leveling, 49‑4 flow, 18‑16 moment, 26‑4
differential, 49‑5 general form, 2‑2 horizontal, 52‑2
direct, 49‑4 grade, 51‑3 live (ftn), 35‑12
moving, 26‑1, 26‑3 M/M/s multi-server model, 48‑9, 48‑11 eutectic, 36‑17
moving, on beams, 26‑1, 26‑3 MAAT, 52‑14 hard, 35‑8
pressure from applied, 19‑1, 19‑2, 19‑3 Machine isotropic, 31‑2
service, 35‑12, 37‑8 language, 59‑3 mechanics of, 31‑1
tipping, 57‑6, 57‑8 language instruction, 59‑3 pavement, 52‑1, 52‑2
Loader, 59‑3 Machinery arm, 58‑7 Problem calculation, 52‑4
production capability, 57‑2, 57‑3 Maclaurin series, 3‑16 procedure, 52‑1, 52‑3
Loader (tbl), 57‑2, 57‑3 MacPherson v. Buick (ftn), 61‑6 property, 35‑2
Loading Macro, 59‑3 property (tbl), 35‑3
axial, 34‑1 -assembler, 59‑3 property, structural (tbl), 35‑9
biaxial, 31‑1, 31‑5 instruction, 59‑3 safety data sheet, 58‑3
BOD, 15‑2 Macrophyte, 13‑5 safety data sheet, categories of, 58‑3
concentric, 34‑1 MACRS, 60‑9 soft, 35‑8
eccentric, 34‑1 Magma, 18‑2 strength, composite, 36‑13
organic, 15‑2 Magnesium hardness, 13‑3 strong, 35‑8
pavement, 52‑2 Magnetic tough, 35‑8
rate, 14‑18 declination, 49‑6 variance, 60‑17
rate, gas and liquid, 14‑18 meridian, 49‑6 weak, 35‑8
rate, solids, 15‑2 Magnification moment, 39‑6 workability, 18‑3
surface, 14‑4 Magnification (see Amplification), 46‑2 Materialman’s lien, 61‑4
triaxial, 31‑1, 31‑5 Magnitude, 26‑1, 26‑2 Materials
volumetric, 16‑5 moment, 33‑2 science, 35‑2
weir, 14‑4 shear, 33‑2 selection, 35‑2
Loadometer, 52‑16 Major axis, ellipse, 2‑7 Matrix, 3‑5
Local Malleable cast iron, 36‑4 addition, 3‑5
instability, 20‑6 Management coefficient, 3‑10
road, 48‑3 project, 54‑1 cofactor, 3‑7, 3‑8
shear failure, 19‑1 schedule, 54‑5 composite material, 36‑13
variable, 59‑4 Manager, construction, 55‑1, 61‑3 constant, 3‑10
Log Manganese ion, in water, 13‑4 determinant, 3‑7
reduction, 14‑8 Manning’s element, minor of a, 3‑8
removal, 14‑8 equation, 11‑5 identity, 3‑8
removal credit, 14‑9 roughness coefficient, 11‑5 inverse, 3‑8
removal efficiency, 14‑8 Manometer, 8‑2 multiplication, 3‑6
removal value, 14‑8 differential, 8‑2, 9‑2 nonsingular, 3‑8
INDEX - L
Logarithm, 3‑1 open, 8‑2 order, 3‑5

base, 3‑1 Manual bookkeeping system (ftn), 60‑14 precedence, 54‑5
changing the base, 3‑2 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, substitutional, 3‑10
common, 3‑1 53‑6 subtraction, 3‑5
natural, 3‑1 Manufacturing cost, 60‑16 transpose, 3‑6
Logarithmic identity, 3‑1 Maraging steel (ftn), 36‑2 triangular, 3‑7
Logit model, 48‑3 Marble, 18‑2 variable, 3‑10
Long Margin Matter, particulate, 17‑4
chord, 50‑2 gross, 60‑16 Maturation pond, 15‑3
column, 34‑1, 39‑1, 39‑2, 39‑6, 44‑2 profit, 60‑16 Maxima, 4‑3
column end moment, 39‑7 Marketing expense, 60‑16 Maximum
column, concentric load, 39‑7 MARR, 60‑12 achievable control technology
stress, 32‑3 Marshall (MACT), 17‑2
-term liability, 60‑15 method, mix design, 52‑10 contaminant level, 13‑4
Longitudinal method, stability, 52‑10 contaminant level goal, 13‑4
steel, 38‑1 stability, 52‑10 flood, probable, 10‑2
strain, 31‑2 Martempering, 36‑22 flood,probable, 10‑2
stress, 32‑3 Martensite, tempered, 36‑22 moment, global, 26‑3
Loop Martensitic stainless steel, 36‑4 normal stress theory, 31‑9
DO/UNTIL, 59‑5 Mass -permitted stirrup spacing, 38‑8
DO/WHILE, 59‑4 balance, suspended solids, 16‑6 point, 4‑3
FOR, 59‑5 center of, 25‑3 point, test, 4‑3
Loose constant, 28‑6 precipitation, probable, 10‑2
cubic yard, 51‑1, 57‑2 curve, 10‑2 shear stress theory, 31‑9
-measure, 51‑1 density, 7‑1 specific gravity, 52‑9
Los Angeles abrasion test, 52‑6 diagram, 51‑1, 51‑5, 51‑7 steel area, beams, 38‑4
Loss during transport, 51‑7 energy of a, 30‑1 total uniform load table, 43‑2
Low moment of inertia, 29‑1 MCL, 13‑4
-alkali cement, 37‑4 of sludge, water treatment, 14‑8 MCLG, 13‑4
-alloy steel, 36‑2 radius of gyration, 29‑2 mean population, 6‑16
-carbon steel, 36‑2 sludge, 14‑8 Mean
-cycle fatigue theory, 35‑15 transfer coefficient, solute, 14‑19 annual air temperature, 52‑14
-heat portland cement, 37‑4 transfer zone, 14‑13 arithmetic, 6‑5, 6‑6
-level language, 59‑3 -volume relationships, 18‑1, 18‑10 cell residence time, 16‑4
molecular weight polymer, 36‑8 Mast, 58‑7 confidence limit for, 6‑19
point, 50‑8 MasterFormat, 56‑2 difference between two, 6‑19
-rate filter, 15‑4 Material duration of activity, 54‑9
Lower confidence limit, 6‑18 amorphous, 36‑6 geometric, 6‑7
Lowest anisotropic, 31‑2 population, 6‑6
achievable emission rate, 17‑1 breach, 61‑5 sample, 6‑6
responsible bidder, 55‑2 brittle, 31‑9, 35‑8, 35‑12 sea level, 49‑3
Luffing jib, 58‑7 brittle, crack propagation, 35‑1, 35‑13 squared error, 6‑22
Lumber, oven-dry, 36‑9 cementitious, 36‑10, 37‑4 stress, 31‑10
Lump-sum fee, 61‑3 classification, 35‑1, 35‑8 stress, fatigue, 35‑15
composite, 36‑13 weighted, 6‑6
M composite, density, 36‑13 weighted arithmetic, 6‑6
M/M/1 single-server model, 48‑10 composite, specific heat, 36‑13
direct, 60‑16
I N D E X I-21
I-21
Means property of (tbl), 35‑4 Milliequivalent

difference of, 6‑1, 6‑18 reactive, 36‑6 concentration, 13‑1
sum of, 6‑1, 6‑18 refractory, 36‑6 per liter chart, 13‑2
Measurand, 35‑7 Metallurgy, 36‑1 Mineral
Measure extractive, 36‑1 aggregate, 52‑5
bank-, 51‑1 Metals and alloys, properties of (tbl), 36‑2 filler, 52‑5
compacted-, 51‑1 Metamorphic rock, 18‑2 Minima, 4‑3
loose-, 51‑1 Meter successive, 59‑8
of central tendency, 6‑1, 6‑5 orifice, 9‑3 Minimum
of dispersion, 6‑7 venturi, 9‑2 attractive rate of return, 60‑12
Measurement Methemoglobinemia, 13‑6 point, 4‑3
distance, 49‑1, 49‑3 Method point, test, 4‑3
elevation, 49‑1, 49‑4 allowable stress design, 35‑12 reinforcement limit, 38‑4
error, 6‑16 angle measurement, 49‑1, 49‑5 steel area, beams, 38‑4
flow, 14‑3 annual cost, 60‑11 thickness, deflection control, 40‑1, 40‑2
for boom length (fig), 57‑7 annual return, 60‑11 thickness, slab (tbl), 40‑2
uncertainty, 6‑18 average end area, 51‑4 Minor
Mechanic’s lien, 61‑4 Bowditch, 49‑8 axis, ellipse, 2‑7
Mechanical capital recovery, 60‑11 of a matrix element, 3‑8
advantage, 24‑1 cross, 26‑3 Minus
property, 35‑2 design-bid-build, 55‑1 declination, 49‑6
property of typical engineering design-build, 55‑1 sight, 49‑4
material (tbl), 35‑9 equivalent axial compression, 46‑1 Miscellaneous effects factor, 35‑16
similarity, 9‑5 fixed-base, 10‑3 Miscible, completely, alloy, 36‑16
Mechanics of materials, 31‑1 Hveem, 52‑10 Misrepresentation, 61‑5
Mechanism method, 43‑2 influence value, 19‑3 Mix
Mechanistic K-value, 50‑9 asphalt, 52‑5
-empirical method, 52‑14 load factor design, 35‑12 asphalt concrete, 52‑6
method, 52‑14 Marshall, 52‑10 design, Hveem method, 52‑10
Media, packing, 14‑16 moment distribution, 26‑3 design, Marshall method, 52‑10
Median, 6‑5 of consistent deformation, 33‑13 tender, 52‑7
barrier, heavy vehicle, 53‑3 of joints, 23‑1, 23‑2 Mixed
barrier, heavy vehicle (fig), 53‑4 of least squares, 6‑21 liquor, 16‑2, 16‑5
Medium of moment coefficients, 38‑2, 40‑1, 40‑2 liquor suspended solids, 16‑3, 16‑5
-carbon steel, 36‑2 of sections, 23‑1, 23‑3 liquor volatile suspended solids, 16‑3,
electrolytic, 36‑14 of undetermined coefficients, 5‑4 16‑5
screen, wastewater, 15‑3 parallelogram, 3‑12 Mixer, 14‑6
Meinzer unit, 12‑2 plastic design, 35‑12 flash, 14‑6
Member polygon, 3‑12 paddle, 14‑6
axial, 23‑1 present worth, 60‑11 quick, 14‑6
fixed-end moments, 26‑1, 26‑2 pyramid, 52‑11 rapid, 14‑6
of a set, 6‑1 straight line, 60‑8 Mixing
redundant, 22‑6, 23‑2 straight-line, 10‑3 complete, 14‑6
tension, vii, 36‑25, 45‑1, 45‑3, 45‑5 strain energy, 26‑1, 26‑4 intensity, 14‑7
three-force, 22‑5 strength design, 35‑12 model plug flow, 14‑6
two-force, 22‑5, 23‑1 strength design, bearing wall, 41‑2 model, complete, 14‑6
INDEX - M
zero-force, 23‑2 sum-of-the-years’ digits, 60‑8 physics, 14‑1, 14‑6
Membrane transformation, 33‑13 plug flow, 14‑6
flux, 14‑11 ultimate strength design, 35‑12 rate constant, 14‑6
salt flux, 14‑19 unit load, 26‑1, 26‑4, 26‑5 velocity, 14‑6 velocity
water flux, 14‑19 variable-slope, 10‑3 gradient, 14‑7
Meniscus, 7‑7 virtual work, 26‑4 Mixture
Mensuration, 2‑17 working stress design, 35‑12 alloy, 36‑17
circular sector, 2‑19 Method (see also type) concrete, typical, 36‑10, 37‑3
circular segment, 2‑18 60-degree, 19‑3 mks system, 1‑4
ellipse, 2‑17 allowable stress, 37‑2 sweetening, 37‑4
parabola, 2‑17 direct design, 40‑3 mks system, 1‑1, 1‑4
parabolic segment, 2‑17 double meridian distance, 49‑9 MLSS, 16‑3
paraboloid of revolution, 2‑22 equivalent frame, 40‑3 MLVSS, 16‑3
parallelogram, 2‑19 extraction, 52‑9 MMSCFD, 11‑2
pile, 51‑1, 51‑3 of coordinates, 49‑9 Mnemonic code, 59‑3
polygon, 2‑20 rational, peak runoff, 10‑1, 10‑4 Mobile crane, 57‑5, 57‑6
prismoid, 2‑1, 2‑20 storage indication, 10‑6 Mobilized
right circular cone, 2‑22 strength design, 37‑2 shear force, 20‑7
right circular cylinder, 2‑22 surface area, 52‑7 shear resistance, 20‑7
sphere, 2‑21 Metric system, 1‑4 shear strength, 20‑6
Mer, 36‑6 Meyer Mode, 6‑5
cross-linking, 36‑6 hardness, 35‑19 auto, 48‑3
functionality, 36‑7 test, 35‑19, 36‑22 Model
Mer (tbl), 36‑7 -Vickers test, 35‑19 digital, 59‑6
Meridian, 49‑6 MGD, 11‑2 gravity, 48‑3
Metal MGPCD, 11‑2 Greenshields', 48‑7
admiralty, 36‑5 Mica, 18‑2 logit, 48‑3
base, 36‑16 Microbial death ratio, 16‑5 Rose, 14‑9
characteristics, 36‑1 Microorganism, average concentration in Model Rules, 62‑3
FCC, 35‑11, 35‑17 aeration tank, 16‑5 Model similar, 9‑5
ferrous, 36‑1, 36‑2 Microsilica, 37‑5 Modeling vehicle accident, 53‑4
HCP, 35‑11, 35‑17 Microstrainer, 14‑3 Modified
identification system, 36‑2 Microwave asphalt recycling, 52‑20 accelerated cost recovery system, 60‑9
K-monel, 36‑6 Middle ordinate length, 50‑3 Goodman theory, 31‑10
monel, 36‑6 Miles per gallon, 53‑2 portland cement, 37‑4
nonferrous, 36‑1, 36‑5 Modifying factors, endurance limit, 35‑15
nonferrous, yield strength (fig), 35‑11 Modular ratio, 33‑13
Modulus fluid, 11‑10 Natural

elastic, 35‑10 -impulse principle, 11‑10 frequency, 5‑5
of elasticity, 31‑2, 35‑10, 37‑5, 37‑7 impulse-, principle, 30‑7 logarithm, 3‑1
of elasticity, composite material, 36‑13 linear, 28‑1 NCEES Rules of Professional Conduct, 62‑3
of elasticity, concrete, 36‑12, 37‑5 rate of, 11‑10 NCHRP, 52‑14
of rigidity, 31‑4 Monel metal, 36‑6 350, 53‑7
of rupture, concrete, 36‑12 Money, time value of, 60‑3 Necking down, 35‑12
of toughness, 35‑17 Monitor well, 12‑3 Negligence, 61‑5
plastic section, 43‑4 Monitoring project, 54‑1, 54‑9 comparative, 61‑5
remaindering, 59‑9 Monomer, 36‑6, 36‑8 Negotiated contract, 55‑1
secant, 36‑12, 37‑5 Monosymmetric parameter, cross-section, Nephelometric turbidity unit, 13‑7
section, 33‑3, 43‑4 43‑5 Net
shear, 31‑4, 37‑7 Monoxide, carbon, 17‑3 allowable bearing pressure, 19‑4
tangent, 36‑12, 37‑5 Most area, 45‑1, 45‑2
Young’s, 31‑2, 35‑10, 36‑12, 37‑5 likely duration of activity, 54‑9 area, effective, 45‑3
Young’s, composite material, 36‑13 optimistic duration of activity, 54‑9 flow, 10‑3, 18‑1, 18‑16
Young’s, concrete, 36‑12, 37‑5 pessimistic duration of activity, 54‑9 income, 60‑14
Mohr Motion rain, 10‑5
-Coulomb equation, 18‑24 angular, 27‑5 tensile strain, 38‑3
-Coulomb equation (ftn), 18‑24 circular, 27‑5 width, 45‑2
Mohr’s circle, 31‑7 curvilinear, 27‑1, 27‑5, 27‑7 Netting, 17‑1
Mohs equation, 28‑3, 28‑5 Network
scale, 35‑19 equation, constant force and mass, 28‑6 activity-on-arc, 54‑8
test, 35‑19 equation, function of time, 28‑5 activity-on-arrow, 54‑8
Moist equations of projectile, 27‑10 activity-on-node, 54‑7
curing, 36‑12 Newton’s first law of, 28‑1 Neutral
unit weight, 18‑12 Newton’s second law of, 28‑1 axis, 33‑3
Moisture planar, 27‑1, 27‑7 solution, 13‑1, 13‑2
content, 18‑11 planar, radial component, 27‑1, 27‑7 New source performance standards (NSPS),
content, equilibrium, 36‑9 planar, transverse component, 27‑1, 17‑1
content, wood, 36‑9 27‑7 Newmark influence chart, 19‑3
Molar specific heat, 35‑7 plane circular, 27‑1, 27‑5, 27‑8 Newton, 1‑1, 1‑6
Moldboard, 57‑5 plane circular, vector quantities, 27‑8 Newton’s
Molecular formulas with molecular weight plane, rigid body, 29‑1, 29‑7 first law of motion, 28‑1
(tbl), 14‑14 projectile, 27‑1, 27‑9, 27‑10 law of viscosity, 7‑5
Moment, 22‑3, 33‑2 rectilinear, 27‑1, 27‑3 second law, 11‑10
amplification factor, 46‑1 rectilinear, equation of, 28‑3 second law for a particle, 28‑2
area, 33‑5 relative, 27‑1, 27‑8 second law for a rigid body, 28‑2
arm, 22‑3 rotational particle, 27‑5 second law of motion, 28‑1, 28‑2, 28‑5
capacity, 43‑4 Mottled cast iron, 36‑4 Newtonian (inertial) frame of reference,
capacity, nominal, 38‑5 Moving 27‑8
carryover, 26‑1, 26‑3 load, 26‑1, 26‑3 Nichrome, 36‑6
coefficient, 38‑2, 40‑1, 40‑2 load on beams, 26‑1, 26‑3 Nickel, 36‑5
coefficients, method of, 40‑1, 40‑2 MSDS, 58‑3 alloy, 36‑5
coefficients, methods of, 38‑2 Mud line, 21‑1 Nilvar, 36‑6
components, 22‑3 Mudline, 21‑1 Nitrate in water, 13‑6
INDEX - M
coupling, 22‑4 Muller, 36‑8 Nitrification /denitrification process, 15‑6

diagram, 33‑2 Multiple Nitrogen
distribution method, 26‑3 lift rigging, 57‑9 ion, in water, 13‑6
first, 33‑5 -prime, 55‑1 organic, 13‑6
first area, 4‑9 Multiplication oxide, 17‑2
first area (ftn), 25‑1 complex number, 3‑4 total, 13‑6
fixed-end, 26‑2 matrix, 3‑6 Node, 54‑5, 59‑9
free, 22‑4 Multiplier ancestor, 59‑9
gradient multiplier, 43‑4 bearing capacity factors, 19‑5 daughter, 59‑9
magnification, 39‑6 moment gradient, 43‑4 offspring, 59‑9
magnitude, 33‑2 Municipal parent, 59‑9
maximum, global, 26‑3 wastewater (tbl), 16‑3 root, 59‑9
member fixed-end, 26‑1, 26‑2 water demand, 14‑2 Nodular cast iron, 36‑4
modification factor, 43‑4 Mushroom cap, 58‑5 Noise
of a couple, 22‑4 MUTCD, 53‑7 dose, permissible (fig), 58‑6
of area, first, 4‑9 exposure level (tbl), 58‑6
of area, second, 4‑9 N level limit, 58‑5
of inertia, 4‑8, 4‑9, 25‑1, 25‑14 NAAQS, 17‑1 Nominal
of inertia, centroidal, 4‑9, 25‑14, 33‑4 NAAQS (tbl), 17‑2 capacity, column, 39‑2
of inertia, mass, 29‑1 Nanofiltration, 14‑15 damages, 61‑7
of inertia, polar, 25‑14, 32‑5 National interaction diagram, 39‑4
of the area, first, 25‑1 Ambient Air Quality Standards, 17‑1 interest rate, 60‑8
of the area, second, 25‑14 Ambient Air Quality Standards (tbl), moment capacity, 38‑5
placement of load group to maximize 17‑2 shear strength, 38‑7
local, 26‑4 Cooperative Highway Research shear strength, beam, 43‑6
second area, 25‑14 Program, 52‑14, 53‑7 strength, 35‑12
sign convention, 33‑2 Council of Examiners for Engineering value, 37‑3
statical, 25‑1, 33‑5 and Surveying, 63‑1, 63‑2 Non
statical (ftn), 25‑1 primary drinking water regulations, -constant acceleration, 27‑1, 27‑4
tipping, 57‑7 13‑4 -constant acceleration, displacement,
vector, 22‑3 secondary drinking water regulations, 27‑4
Momentum, 28‑1 13‑1, 13‑4 -constant acceleration, velocity, 27‑4
angular, 29‑8 Society of Professional Engineers, 55‑2 -Newtonian fluid, dilatant, 7‑5
angular, law of conservation, 29‑8 Work Zone Safety Information -Newtonian fluid, pseudoplastic, 7‑5
change in angular, 29‑8 Clearinghouse, 53‑7 Nonannual compounding, 60‑1, 60‑7
conservation, 30‑8 Nonattainment area, 17‑1, 17‑2
conservation, law, 28‑1 Nonbearing wall, 41‑1
I N D E X I-23
I-23
Noncarbonate Numbering System, Unified, 36‑2 Osmosis, reverse, 14‑15, 14‑19

hardness, 13‑3, 13‑4 Numerical event, 6‑1, 6‑10 Osmotic
hardness removal, 14‑14 coefficient, 14‑19
Noncohesive soil, 20‑2 O pressure, solutions of electrolytes,
Noncompliance driver, 53‑5 O&M cost, 60‑16 14‑19
Nonconservative force, 30‑7 Obsidian, 18‑2 Out-of-plane connectors, effective area,
Noncritical activity, 54‑7 Obstructive work, 57‑10 45‑1, 45‑3
Nondeforming steel, 36‑3 Obtuse angle, 2‑11 Outrigger, 58‑7
Nonferrous metal, 36‑1, 36‑5 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 58‑1 Overallocation, 54‑5
Nonhomogeneous differential equation, 5‑4 Oedometer test, 18‑18 Overconsolidated
Nonlinear Off clay, 18‑20
equation, 5‑1 -gas, 14‑16 clay (fig), 18‑20
second-order analysis, 39‑6 -page symbol, 59‑2 curve, 18‑20
Nonliquid asset, 60‑15 Offer, 61‑1 soil, 18‑18
Nonplastic soil, 18‑6 Official benchmark, 49‑3 soil (ftn), 18‑21
Nonproductive work, 57‑10 Offset, 17‑1, 53‑3 Overdamped system, 5‑3
Nonsingular matrix, 3‑8 parallel, 35‑11 Overdamping system, 5‑3
Nonsulfurized carbon steel, 36‑2 tangent, 50‑7 Overflow rate, 14‑5
Nonvolatile solids, 16‑3 tangent (fig), 50‑7 Overhaul, 51‑6
Normal Offspring node, 59‑9 Overhead, 60‑17
acceleration, 27‑7, 29‑9 Oligomer, 36‑6 computer, 59‑3
component, 27‑1, 27‑7, 28‑6 On cost, 54‑4 Overland flow, 10‑3
distribution, 6‑13 One Overload factor, 35‑12
distribution, confidence interval for the percent flood, 10‑2 Oversized hole, 47‑1
variance, 6‑20 -tail confidence limit, 6‑18 Owner, 61‑3
force, 24‑2, 28‑4 -tail test, 6‑15 -developer, 61‑3
form, conic section, 2‑5 -third rule, 49‑10 Owners’ equity account, 60‑14
portland cement, 37‑4 -way shear, 42‑2 Oxidant total residual, 15‑6
strain, 31‑2 -way slab, 40‑1 Oxidation
stress, 31‑1 Ontario pond, 15‑3
stress (fluid), 7‑4 barrier, 53‑3 potential, 36‑14
stress theory, maximum, 31‑9 barrier (fig), 53‑4 potential for corrosion reactions (tbl),
table, standard, 6‑14 Op-code, 59‑3 36‑15
table, unit, 6‑14, 6‑26 Open -reduction reactions, 36‑15
unit vectors, cross product, 3‑14 area, well screen, 12‑3 resistance, 36‑8
variable, standard, 6‑14 channel, 11‑5 tower, 15‑5
weight concrete, 36‑11 channel flow, 11‑4, 11‑5 Oxide, nitrogen, 17‑2
Normally circuit, 35‑5 Oxygen content, 58‑5
consolidated, 18‑18 -graded friction course, 52‑6 Ozone, 17‑2
consolidated clay, 18‑20 -graded mix, 52‑5 ground level, 17‑3
consolidated curve, 18‑20 manometer, 8‑2 stratospheric, 17‑3
consolidated soil (ftn), 18‑21 traverse, 49‑7
Notation, functional, 60‑7 Openings, sieve, 18‑3 P
Notch Operating p-code, 59‑4
toughness, 35‑17 and maintenance cost, 60‑16 P-delta effect, 46‑1
toughness, 35‑17 cost, 54‑4 P-D effect, 39‑1
NRCS expense, 60‑16 P&L, 60‑14
curve number, 10‑5 Operation P&P exam, 63‑1
rainfall-runoff, 10‑5 arithmetic statement, 59‑1, 59‑5 PAC, 15‑6
ntb coordinate system, 27‑6 convolution, 5‑8 Packed tower, 14‑16
nth Operations hierarchy, 59‑1, 59‑5 Packing
parabolic area, 25‑13 Operator, d’Alembertian, 4‑12 height of, 14‑19
parabolic area, area moment of inertia, Opposite side, 2‑12 media, 14‑16
25‑13 Optical plummet, 49‑3 Paddle
parabolic area, centroid, 25‑13 Order drag, 14‑7
NTU, 13‑7 change, 56‑1 mixer, 14‑5
Nuclear gauge, 52‑9 -conscious subset, 6‑2 power, 14‑6
INDEX - P
Nuisance flood, 10‑2 differential equation, 5‑1 velocity, 14‑6
Null first-, differential equation, 5‑1 Pair transform, 5‑6
hypothesis, 53‑2 of a matrix, 3‑5 Pan
set, 6‑1 of difference equation, 5‑10 coefficient, 10‑6
vector, 3‑14 second-, differential equation, 5‑1 evaporation, 10‑6
Number Ordinate middle, length of, 50‑3 Panel
Brinell hardness, 35‑19 Organic drop, 40‑3
Cauchy, 9‑6 color, in water, 13‑6 truss, 23‑1
complex, 3‑2 loading, 15‑2 Parabola, 2‑5
complex (fig), 3‑3 loading rate, 15‑2 area, 25‑11
complex, division, 3‑3 nitrogen, 13‑6 area, area moment of inertia, 25‑11
complex, multiplication, 3‑4 precursor, 13‑7, 13‑8 area, centroid, 25‑11
complex, polar form, 3‑3 sedimentary rock, 18‑2 constant, 50‑7
curve, 10‑5 solid, dissolved, 15‑1 directrix, 2‑6
Froude, 9‑6, 11‑9 trace, 15‑1 focus, 2‑6
imaginary, 3‑2 Orientation, angular, 3‑11 latus rectum, 2‑6
irrational, 3‑2 Orifice mensuration, 2‑17
NRCS curve, 10‑5 meter, 9‑3 standard form, 2‑6
period, 60‑6 plate, 9‑3 vertex, 2‑6
rational, 3‑2 submerged, 9‑4 Parabolic
real, 3‑2 Original cross section, 51‑1, 51‑2 axis, 2‑6
Reynolds, 9‑6 Orthogonal vectors, 3‑14 curve, 50‑6, 50‑7
stability, 21‑2 Orthophosphate, 13‑5 curve (fig), 50‑7
structural, 52‑16 OSHA, 58‑1 segment, area, 2‑17
Weber, 9‑6 noise limit, 58‑5 segment, mensuration, 2‑17
scaffold regulations, 58‑6
Paraboloid minimum thickness, 52‑18 soil, 18‑15

of revolution, 2‑22 properties, 52‑1, 52‑6 test, 18‑1, 18‑15
of revolution, volume, 2‑22 recycled, 52‑19 Permeameters (fig), 18‑15
Paradox structural design, flexible, 52‑14 Permeate rate, salt, 14‑19
hydrostatic, 8‑1 structural number, 52‑1, 52‑18 Permeation
hydrostatic, 8‑4 thickness design, 52‑2 coefficient, 14‑20
Parallel thickness, highway, 52‑2 rate, salt, 14‑19
axis theorem, 4‑9, 25‑15, 29‑2 Paver Permeator
offset, 35‑11 asphalt, 57‑5 constant-head, 18‑15
plate capacitor, 35‑3 asphalt (tbl), 57‑5 falling-head, 18‑15
spring, 30‑5 Pay-back period, 60‑12 Permissible
unit vectors, cross product, 3‑14 PBP, 60‑12 exposure limit, 58‑3, 58‑5
unit vectors, dot product, 3‑14 PCB, 17‑4 noise dose (tbl), 58‑6
vectors, 3‑13 waste, 17‑4 Permittivity
Parallelogram PCC, 36‑10, 37‑3 of a vacuum, 35‑3
area, 2‑19 PCTFE, 36‑9 of free space, 35‑3
mensuration, 2‑19 PDO accident, 53‑1 relative, 35‑3
method, 3‑12 Peak Permivar, 36‑6
Parameter hour factor, 48‑6 Permutation, 6‑2
cross-section monosymmetric, 43‑5 runoff, rational method, 10‑1, 10‑4 Perpendicular
sludge, 16‑1, 16‑3 Pearlite, 36‑19 axis theorem, 25‑14
Parameters, true stress and strain, 35‑10 Pedestal, 34‑1, 39‑2 line, 2‑1
Parent PEL, 58‑5 line, slope, 2‑1
ingredient, 36‑16 Penetrating well, 57‑11 vectors, 3‑14
node, 59‑9 Penetration Personal protective equipment, 58‑5
Parseval grading, 52‑4 PERT, 54‑9
equality, 5‑6 test, thumb, 58‑2 PFA, 36‑8
relation, 5‑6 Penetrometer test, 58‑2 Phase
Parshall flume, 14‑3 Per alloy, 36‑17
Partial capita water demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 diagram, 36‑17
cross-linking, 36‑6 diem fee, 61‑4 diagram (fig), 18‑10
derivative, 4‑4 Percent diagram, iron-carbon, 36‑1, 36‑19
similarity, 9‑6 elongation, 35‑13 of a material, 36‑17
particle, 27‑1 elongation at failure, percent, 35‑13 rule, Gibbs’, 36‑20
motion, rotational, 27‑5 VMA, 52‑9 signal, 48‑8
Particle Percentage of construction cost, fee, 61‑4 weight, 36‑18
fine, 17‑4 Percentile speed, 48‑5 Phases, project scheduling, 54‑3
impulse-momentum principle for a, Perception, 53‑5 Philadelphia rod, 49‑4
30‑7 depth, 53‑7 Philosophies of design, 37‑1, 37‑8
impulse-momentum principle for a -reaction, 53‑5 Phosphorus
system of, 30‑7 -reaction distance, 50‑9 bronze, 36‑5
inhalable coarse, 17‑4 -reaction response, 53‑5 ion, in water, 13‑5
kinetics, 28‑1, 28‑5 -reaction subprocess, 53‑5 removal, in wastewater, 15‑1, 15‑5
Newton’s second law, 28‑2 -reaction time, 50‑10, 53‑5 Photochemical smog, 17‑3
size distribution, 18‑1, 18‑3, 18‑4 Perfecting the lien, 61‑4 Photoelectric
size distribution (fig), 18‑4 Perfectly effect, 35‑7
size distribution chart, 18‑5 inelastic impact, 30‑8 transduction, 35‑7
-strengthened, 36‑13 plastic impact, 30‑8 Photogrammetric survey, 49‑2
Particular solution, 5‑4 Performance Photomicrograph, 36‑24
Particulate driver, 53‑5 Photovoltaic transduction, 35‑7
matter, 17‑4 -graded (PG) binder grading system Phreatic zone, 12‑1
phosphorus, 13‑6 (tbl), 52‑12 Physical property, 35‑2
Partition -graded asphalt, 52‑11 Physics, mixing, 14‑1, 14‑6
constant, 14‑20 grading, 52‑5 Pick and carry, crane, 58‑9
plan, 56‑1 period, 52‑16 Pier, 34‑1, 39‑2
ratio, 14‑20 specific, 61‑2, 61‑5 PIEV, 53‑5
Partnering, 54‑1 standards, new source, 17‑1 distance, 50‑9
INDEX - P
Parts of the line, 58‑7 Perimeter time, 50‑9

Pascal’s law, 8‑1 ellipse, 2‑17 Piezoelectric, 36‑10
Passenger car equivalent flow rate, 15 wetted, 11‑4 effect, 35‑7
minute, 48‑4 Period, 52‑16, 60‑1 transduction, 35‑7
Passing sight distance, 50‑9 depreciation, 60‑8 Piezometric height, 12‑1
Passivated steel, 36‑4 effective, 60‑1 Pile
Passive number, 60‑6 conical (fig), 51‑3
earth pressure, 20‑2 pay-back, 60‑12 mensuration, 51‑1, 51‑3
earth pressure coefficient, 20‑4, 20‑5 waveform, 5‑5 shape (fig), 51‑3
earth pressure distributions (fig), 20‑3 Period (see also type), 52‑16 volume, 51‑1, 51‑3
earth pressure resultant, 20‑5 aeration, 16‑5 wedge (fig), 51‑3
Path detention, 14‑4 Pile (see also type) soldier, 21‑1
critical, 54‑5, 54‑8 Peripheral Piling
of projectile, 27‑1, 27‑9 velocity, 14‑6 sheet, 21‑1, 21‑3
Pavement vision, 53‑6 sheet, section modulus, 21‑3
asphalt, 52‑1, 52‑3, 52‑4 zone, 53‑6 Pin joint (truss), 23‑1
asphalt, deep strength, 52‑4 Peritectic reaction (tbl), 36‑18 Pinned support, 22‑7
asphalt, full-depth, 52‑4 Peritectoid reaction (tbl), 36‑18 Pipe
asphalt, recycled, 52‑5 Permalloy, 36‑6 eductor, 12‑3
bituminous, 52‑3 Permanent incompressible flow, 11‑3
concrete, 52‑2 deformation, 35‑11 riser, 12‑3
defect, 52‑1, 52‑6 hardness, 13‑4 Pit borrow, 51‑1, 51‑5
design, 52‑1 set, 35‑11 Pitch
flexible, 52‑3 Permeability, 12‑2 angle, 24‑3
loading, 52‑2 coefficient of, 12‑2 screw, 24‑3
material, 52‑1, 52‑2 constant, 14‑19 spacing, 45‑2
I N D E X I-25
I-25
Pitot of curve, 50‑2 Portland

pressure, 11‑11 of end of curve, 50‑5 cement, 36‑10, 37‑3, 37‑4
tube, 9‑1 of intersection, 50‑3 cement, concrete, 36‑10, 37‑3
Placement of load group to maximize local of tangency, 50‑5, 50‑7 cement, types, 36‑10, 37‑3
moment, 26‑4 of tangent, 50‑2 Position, 22‑3, 49‑1, 49‑3
Plain of vertical curve, 50‑7 forms of, 27‑2
carbon steel, 36‑2 of vertical intersection, 50‑7 statement of changes in financial, 60‑14
sedimentation, 14‑4 of vertical tangency, 50‑7 vector, 22‑3
Plaintiff, 61‑5 -slope form, line, 2‑3 Potential
Plan stagnation, 9‑1 energy, 30‑1, 30‑4
construction, 56‑1 terminal, 3‑11 energy, change, 30‑5
floor, 56‑1 test for inflection, 4‑4 energy, elastic, 30‑5
partition, 56‑1 test for maximum, 4‑3 energy, gravitational, 30‑4
State Implementation, 17‑1 test for minimum, 4‑3 energy, gravity field, 30‑4
view, 56‑1 triple, of water, 36‑20 function, Laplace, 4‑11
Planar turning, 50‑6, 50‑7 half-cell, 36‑14
defect, 36‑15 yield, 35‑11 oxidation, 36‑14
motion, 27‑1, 27‑7 Pointer, 59‑9 reduction, 36‑14
Plane Poisson’s standard oxidation, 36‑14
angle, 2‑11 ratio, 31‑3, 37‑7 Pothole, 52‑7
circular motion, 27‑1, 27‑5, 27‑8 ratio, concrete, 36‑12 Pound, 1‑1
cutting, 2‑4 slenderness, 34‑4 -force, 1‑1
failure, 20‑6 Polar -mass, 1‑1
motion, rigid body, 29‑1, 29‑7 coordinates, 3‑1, 3‑3, 27‑6 Powdered activated carbon, 15‑6
of slippage, soil, 20‑6 form, 3‑3 Power
rupture, 20‑6 form, complex number, 3‑3 aeration, 15‑3
shear, 20‑6 moment of inertia, 25‑14, 32‑5 blower, 15‑3, 16‑2
stress, 31‑5 to rectangular conversion, 3‑3 law (fluid), 7‑5
surface, submerged, 8‑1, 8‑4 Pole breakaway, 53‑3 line, safety, 58‑1, 58‑5
survey, 49‑1 Poling, 21‑1 paddle, 14‑6
table survey, 49‑1 Polishing pumping, well, 12‑1, 12‑5
truss, 23‑1, 23‑2 filter, 15‑5 reel, 14‑6
Planimeter, 51‑2 pavement, 52‑7 screw, 24‑3
Planing, cold, 52‑19 pavement, characteristic, 52‑6 series, 3‑16
Planning, transportation, 48‑2 pond, 15‑3 series representation, 3‑16
Plastic Pollutant Pozzolanic additive, 37‑4
design, 43‑2 criteria, 17‑1, 17‑2 Precedence
design method, 35‑12 hazardous, 17‑1 relationship, 54‑5
instability, pavement, 52‑7 hazardous air, 17‑2 table, 54‑5
length, 43‑4 Standards Index (ftn), 17‑5 Prechlorination, 14‑1, 14‑3
limit, 18‑6, 18‑7 Pollution Precipitation, 10‑1
strain, 35‑11 air, 17‑6 -hardened stainless steel (ftn), 36‑4
strength, 43‑4 prevention, 17‑6 data, 10‑2
Plasticity, 18‑6 Polychlorinated biphenyl, 17‑4 hardening, 36‑5
index, 18‑6, 18‑7 Polygon hardening (ftn), 36‑4
Plasticizer, 36‑8 area, 2‑20 phosphorus, 15‑1, 15‑5
Plate mensuration, 2‑20 probable maximum, 10‑2
flat, 40‑3 method, 3‑12 softening, 14‑13
girder, 43‑2 regular, 2‑20 Precipitator, electrostatic (tbl), 17‑6
orifice, 9‑3 Polyhedron, 2‑20 Precise rod, 49‑4
vibratory, 57‑5 Polymer, 36‑6 Preconsolidated curve, 18‑20
vibratory (tbl), 57‑4 addition, 36‑7 Preconsolidation pressure, 18‑21
Plug flow mixing model, 14‑6 condensation, 36‑7 Precursor, 13‑7
Plugging, 15‑6 synthetic, 36‑7 disinfection by product, 13‑8
Plumb bob, 49‑3 thermoplastic (tbl), 36‑8 Predefined process symbol, 59‑2
Plummet optical, 49‑3 thermosetting (tbl), 36‑8 Preform, 36‑8
Plus vinyl, 36‑7 Preliminary treatment, 14‑3, 15‑1
INDEX - P
declination, 49‑6 Polymerization, degree of, 36‑6 Preload bolt, 47‑2
sight, 49‑4 Polymorph, 36‑10 Preloaded soil, 18‑18
PMBOK Guide, 54‑1 Polymorphism, 36‑10 Premature exhaustion, 15‑6
PMF, 10‑2 Polyphosphate, 13‑5 Prerequisite of privity (ftn), 61‑6
PMP, 10‑2 Pond Presedimentation, 14‑1, 14‑3
Pocket penetrometer test, 58‑2 aerobic, 15‑3 Present
Point anaerobic, 15‑3 amount, 60‑4
balance, 51‑6 facultative, 15‑3 worth, 60‑4
balance (fig), 51‑6 maturation, 15‑3 worth (tbl), 60‑3
breakthrough, 14‑12 oxidation, 15‑3 worth analysis, 60‑11
critical, 4‑3, 36‑19 polishing, 15‑3 worth factor, uniform series, 60‑5
defect, 36‑15 stabilization, 15‑3 worth method, 60‑11
distance between, 2‑9, 2‑10 tertiary, 15‑3 Pressure
eutectic, 36‑17 Pond (see also Lagoon), 15‑1, 15‑3 absolute, 7‑2
extreme, 4‑3 Population, 6‑6 average fluid, 8‑4
grade, 51‑3 mean, 6‑6, 6‑16 barometric, 7‑4
high, 50‑8 standard deviation of, 6‑17 center of, 8‑4, 8‑5
inflection, 4‑3 variance, 6‑9 change, 11‑4
length between, 2‑10 Pore distribution, earth, 20‑2
low, 50‑8 pressure, 20‑2 distributions active, earth (fig), 20‑3
maximum, 4‑3 water pressure, 18‑14 distributions, passive, earth (fig), 20‑3
minimum, 4‑3 Porosity, 12‑2, 18‑11 drop, 11‑4
of application, 3‑11 Portable language, 59‑4 earth, 20‑1, 20‑2
of beginning of curve, 50‑5 earth, active, 20‑2
of contraflexure, 4‑3 earth, passive, 20‑2
of curvature, 50‑5 effective, 20‑2
filter, 14‑10 law of joint, 6‑4 Project

flow, 11‑4 law of total, 6‑4 coordination, 54‑1, 54‑10
fluid, 7‑2, 8‑1 mass function, 6‑10 cost, initial, 60‑3
from applied loads, 19‑1, 19‑2, 19‑3 of flood, 10‑2 documentation, 56‑1
gage, 7‑2 theory, 6‑3 management, 54‑1
horizontal soil, 20‑4 total, 6‑4 monitoring, 54‑1, 54‑9
hydrostatic, 8‑1, 20‑2 Probable Projectile
pitot, 11‑11 maximum flood, 10‑2 motion, 27‑1, 27‑9, 27‑10
pore, 20‑2 maximum precipitation, 10‑2 path, 27‑1, 27‑9
pore water, 18‑14 Probing, 59‑8 Projection factor, growth, 52‑16
preconsolidation, 18‑21 Problem Propagation
residual, 11‑10 calculation, material, 52‑4 crack, 35‑13
safe bearing, 19‑4 initial value, 5‑1 error, 6‑1, 6‑16
soil, backward, 20‑2 -solving approach, forces and moments, Proper subset, 6‑1
soil, compressed, 20‑2 22‑1, 22‑6 Properties
soil, forward, 20‑2 Procedure composites (tbl), 36‑13
soil, tensioned, 20‑2 column analysis, 44‑5 of cylinders, 29‑4
stagnation, 9‑2 material, 52‑1, 52‑3 of hollow cylinders, 29‑5
standard atmospheric, 7‑4 -oriented programming, 59‑4 of metals and alloys (tbl), 36‑2
static, 11‑10 steel column analysis, 44‑5 of slender rings, 29‑3
total, 20‑2 Process of spheres, 29‑6
transmembrane, 14‑10 biofilm, 14‑10 of uniform slender rods, 29‑2
transmembrane hydraulic, 14‑20 cost accounting, 60‑17 pavement, 52‑1, 52‑6
vertical soil, 20‑3 group, 54‑1 series, 3‑16
vessel, 32‑1, 32‑4 lime-soda ash, 14‑13 steel, 37‑1, 37‑7
vessel, thick-walled, 32‑1, 32‑3, 32‑4 nitrification/denitrification, 15‑6 structure-sensitive, 36‑15
Pressurization Processing Property
external, 32‑4 symbol, 59‑2 chemical, 35‑2
internal, 32‑4 thermal, 36‑21 electrical, 35‑2
Pretensioned connection, 47‑2 Proctor material, 35‑2
Pretreatment, 14‑1, 14‑3 test, 18‑1, 18‑14 material (tbl), 35‑3
Prevented crashes, 53‑3 test (fig), 18‑15 mechanical, 35‑2
Prevention Procurement, 55‑1 of metal (tbl), 35‑4
pollution, 17‑6 Product of water (SI units) (tbl), 7‑3
significant deterioration, 17‑1 cross, 3‑13 of water (U.S. units) (tbl), 7‑3
Price dot, 3‑12 physical, 35‑2
-earnings ratio, 60‑16 of inertia, 25‑6, 25‑16, 25‑17, 29‑3, 29‑4, structural material (tbl), 35‑9
unit, 61‑3 29‑5, 29‑6, 29‑7 thermal, 35‑2, 35‑7
Primary scalar, 3‑12 Proportional
consolidation, 18‑1, 18‑20 vector, 3‑13 region, 35‑11
creep, 35‑18 Production strain, 35‑11
standard, 17‑1 capability, 57‑1 Proportionality
treatment, 15‑1 capability, asphalt paver, 57‑5 constant, 36‑16
Prime, 61‑3 capability, backhoe, 57‑2 limit, 35‑11
contractor, 61‑3 capability, dozer, 57‑2 Propped cantilever beam, 26‑2
cost, 54‑4, 60‑16 capability, excavator, 57‑2 Prototype similar, 9‑5
Primer A Soil, 52‑2 capability, loader, 57‑3 PRT, 53‑5
Principal, 61‑2 capability, roller compactor, 57‑5 amber phase length, 53‑5
contract, 61‑2 capability, scraper, 57‑3 driver age, 53‑5
stress, 31‑6 capability, truck, 57‑4 sight distance, 53‑5
stress (tanks), 32‑4 capability, vibratory plate, 57‑5 Pseudo-compiler, 59‑3
Principle cost per unit of, 57‑1 Pseudocode, 59‑4
Archimedes’, 8‑6 electron-hole pair, 35‑6 Pseudoplastic fluid, 7‑5
energy conservation, 30‑6 Productive work, 57‑10 PTFE, 36‑8
impulse-momentum, 11‑10, 30‑7 Productivity, 57‑9 Public ethics, 62‑7
work-energy, 30‑6 analysis, 57‑1, 57‑9 Pull anchor, 21‑3
Principles crew, 57‑10 Pulley, 24‑1
INDEX - P
accounting, 60‑13 Professional advantage, 24‑1

and Practices examination, 63‑1 conduct, rules, 62‑1, 62‑2 fixed, 24‑1
standard accounting (ftn), 60‑14 engineer, 63‑1 free, 24‑1
Priority, ethical, 62‑5 engineering exam, 63‑1 Pumping
Prism, 51‑4 Profile diagram, 51‑5 pavement, 52‑7
level, 49‑4 Profiling, 52‑19 power, well, 12‑1, 12‑5
Prismatoid, 2‑20 Profit Punched hole, 45‑2
Prismoid, 2‑20, 51‑4 and loss statement, 60‑14 Punching shear, 42‑2
mensuration, 2‑1, 2‑20 margin, 60‑16 Punitive damages, 61‑5, 61‑7
volume, 2‑20 Program Purchase order, 61‑1
Prismoidal formula, 51‑4 computer, 59‑1 Purlin, 43‑1
Privity design, 59‑1 Push-loaded scraper, 57‑3
of contract, 61‑6 evaluation and review technique, 54‑9 Pusher, 57‑3
prerequisite of (ftn), 61‑6 National Cooperative Highway PVDF, 36‑9
Probability, 6‑3 Research, 53‑7 Pycnometer, 52‑9
complementary, 6‑3 spreadsheet application, 59‑6 Pyramid
conditional, 6‑4, 60‑7 Programming, 54‑3 method, 52‑11
cumulative binomial (tbl), 6‑24 GOTO-less, 59‑4 rectangular (fig), 51‑3
density function, 6‑1, 6‑10, 6‑11 procedure-oriented, 59‑4 volume, 51‑3
distribution function, 6‑1, 6‑11 structured, 59‑4 Pyrex, 32‑2
distribution function, continuous top-down, 59‑4
random variable, 6‑11 Progression, 3‑14 Q
distribution function, discrete random arithmetic, 3‑14 Q-system, 18‑3
variable, 6‑11 geometric, 3‑15
function, binomial, 6‑13
law of compound, 6‑4
I N D E X I-27
I-27
Quadratic loading, gas and liquid, 14‑18 Reasonable worst case driver, 53‑5
equation, 2‑4 lowest achievable emission, 17‑1 Rebar, 37‑6
equation, root of, 2‑4 nominal interest, 60‑8 Rebound
formula, 2‑4 of change in grade, 50‑8 curve, 18‑18
Quadric surface, 2‑1, 2‑10 of momentum, 11‑10 velocity, 30‑8
Qualified person, OSHA, 58‑8 of return analysis, 60‑12 Receipt, 60‑2
Quantity of return, minimum attractive, 60‑12 Receivable
break-even, 60‑12 of shear formation, 7‑5 average age, 60‑16
of sludge, water treatment, 14‑8 of strain (fluid), 7‑5 turnover, 60‑15
takeoff, 54‑2 organic loading, 15‑2 Recession curve, 10‑3
vector, 27‑8 overflow, 14‑5 Reciprocal function, 2‑13
Quartz, 18‑2, 36‑10 per annum, 60‑8 Reciprocity, 63‑1, 63‑2
Quenched and tempered alloy steel, 37‑6 permeate, salt, 14‑19 Recirculation rate, 16‑6
Quenching, 36‑21 permeation, salt, 14‑19 Recognition acuity, 53‑6
Queue, 48‑9 recirculation, 16‑6 Recompression
Queueing delay, 48‑8 rejection, salt, 14‑19 curve, 18‑20
Quick shear (fluid), 7‑5 index, 18‑20
asset, 60‑15 sludge return, 16‑6 Record
mixer, 14‑6 transport, 14‑19 data, 59‑7
ratio, 60‑15 volumetric flow, 11‑2 drawings, 56‑1
Quicksand, 19‑2 weir overflow, 14‑5 index, 59‑8
Quicksort, 59‑8 Rating Recovery, 35‑11, 36‑21
SK, 15‑4 factor, capital, 60‑6
R system, rock mass, 18‑3 glare, 53‑6
R-value, 52‑2 Ratio Recrystallization temperature, 36‑21
R&D cost, 60‑16 acid-test, 60‑15 Rectangle, 25‑6
Rack, 15‑1, 15‑3 air-water, 14‑18 area moment of inertia, 25‑6
trash, 15‑3 amplification, 5‑4 centroid, 25‑6
Rad, 2‑11 benefit-cost, 60‑12 Rectangular
Rad (ftn), 2‑11 California bearing, 52‑2 coordinate form (position), 27‑2
Radial common, 3‑15 coordinates, 27‑1, 27‑2
component, 27‑7, 28‑6 critical slenderness, 34‑4 coordinates, curvature, 4‑5
component, planar motion, 27‑1, 27‑7 current, 60‑15 form, complex number, 3‑2
flow impeller, 14‑7 damping, 5‑3 pyramid (fig), 51‑3
Radian, 2‑11 distribution, 14‑20 to polar conversion, 3‑3, 3‑4
Radiation absorbed dose (ftn), 2‑11 dust-to-binder, 52‑11 Rectilinear
Radius effective slenderness, 34‑4 equation for rigid bodies, 28‑3
central curve, 50‑5 fineness-to-effective asphalt, 52‑11 motion, 27‑1, 27‑3
curve, 50‑2 food-to-microorganism, 16‑3 system, 27‑3
hydraulic, 11‑4 light-intensity-contrast, 53‑6 Rectum
of curvature, 4‑5, 27‑8 microbial death, 16‑5 latus, ellipse, 2‑7
of gyration, 25‑16, 43‑4 modular, 33‑13 latus, parabola, 2‑6
of influence, 12‑4 partition, 14‑20 Recurrence interval frequency, 10‑2
Radon, 17‑4 Poisson’s, 31‑3, 37‑7 Recursive call, 59‑4
Rain price-earnings, 60‑16 Recycle
acid, 17‑3 quick, 60‑15 flow rate, 16‑6
gross, 10‑5 recycle, 16‑6 ratio, 16‑3, 16‑6
net, 10‑5 reinforcement, footings, minimum, 42‑3 Recycled asphalt pavement, 52‑5, 52‑19
Rainfall severity, 53‑1 Recycling
curve, 10‑2 slenderness, 39‑2, 44‑1, 44‑2 cold, in-place, 52‑19
-runoff, NRCS, 10‑5 slenderness, critical, 44‑2 hot mix, 52‑20
Ramp density, total, 48‑4 stress, cyclic, 18‑16 wastewater, 15‑5
Ramping, 53‑3 void, 18‑10, 18‑11 Red
Random water-cement, 37‑3, 52‑4 clearance interval, 48‑9
error, 6‑16 Rational clearance interval, traffic signal, 48‑9
file structure, 59‑7 formula, 10‑4 interval, all-, 48‑9
variable, 6‑11 method, peak runoff, 10‑1, 10‑4 Reduced equation, 5‑4
INDEX - Q
variable, expected value of sum, 6‑15 number, 3‑2 Reduction
variable, sum, 6‑15 Rationalizing the denominator, 3‑3 factor, capacity, 37‑3
Range Rattler test, Los Angeles, 52‑6 factor, strength, 37‑3, 38‑4
diagram, crane, 58‑8 Raveling pavement, 52‑7 in area, 35‑13
stress, 31‑10 Reach, 11‑5 log, 14‑8
table, crane, 58‑8 Reaction, 22‑6, 53‑5 potential, 36‑14
Rankine eutectic, 36‑17 source, 17‑6
active earth pressure coefficient, 20‑5 eutectic (tbl), 36‑18 Redundancy, degree of, 26‑1
earth pressure theory, 20‑5 eutectoid (tbl), 36‑18 Redundant
passive earth pressure coefficient, 20‑5 oxidation potential, corrosion (tbl), member, 22‑6, 23‑2
Rapid 36‑15 support, 22‑6
mixer, 14‑6 oxidation-reduction, 36‑15 Reel power, 14‑6
sand filter, 15‑5 perception-, 53‑5 Reeving, 58‑7
Rate peritectic (tbl), 36‑18 Reference
15 minute passenger car equivalent peritectoid (tbl), 36‑18 absolute cell, 59‑6
flow, 48‑4 site, 36‑7 absolute row cell, 59‑6
accident, 53‑2 Reactivation, 14‑11 inertial frame of, 27‑8
annual effective interest, 60‑8 Reactive metal, 36‑6 relative cell, 59‑6
constant, mixing, 14‑6 Reactivity, alkali-aggregate, 37‑4 relative row cell, 59‑6
cooling, 36‑22 Reactor Reflection cracking, 52‑7
creep, 35‑18 biological, rotating, 15‑5 Reflex angle, 2‑11
demand flow, 48‑4 volume, first-stage, 16‑10 Refraction, atmospheric, 49‑4
inflation, 60‑11 volume, high rate, 16‑9 Refractory
interest, annual effective, 60‑3 volume, second-stage, 16‑10 metal, 36‑6
interest, effective, 60‑3 volume, standard rate, 16‑9 substance, 15‑1
loading, 14‑18 Real number, 3‑2 Regeneration, 14‑11
Region Resistance, 35‑5 Risk, 60‑13

elastic, 35‑11 against sliding, soil, 20‑6 analysis, 60‑13
proportional, 35‑11 factor, 37‑3 relative, 60‑15
Registered engineer, 63‑1 factor design, load and (LFRD), 37‑2 Rivet, 47‑1
Registration, 63‑1 mobilized shear, 20‑7 RMEV, 53‑2
Regression, linear, 6‑21 oxidation, 36‑8 RMR system, 18‑3
Regular polygon, 2‑20 shearing, 20‑6 rms value, 6‑7
Regulations, national drinking water, 13‑1, slope failure, 20‑1, 20‑5 RMVM, 53‑2
13‑4 value, Hveem’s, 52‑2 Road (see also Roadway)
Rehabilitation period, 52‑16 Resistance (see also type) skid, pavement, local, 48‑3
Reinforcement 52‑6 safety feature, 53‑1, 53‑3
double, 38‑5 Resistivity, 35‑5 Roadway
flexural, 42‑1, 42‑3 Resistor, 35‑5 banking, 29‑10
footings, minimum, 42‑3 Resonance, 5‑4 centerline, 50‑6
shear, 38‑6 Resource leveling, 54‑5 Rock, 18‑3
shear strength, 38‑7 Response excavation, 51‑1
shear, spacing, 38‑6 perception-reaction, 53‑5 igneous, 18‑2
wall, 41‑1 step, 5‑5 mass rating system, 18‑3
Reinforcing Responsibility, fiduciary, 61‑2 metamorphic, 18‑2
bars, 37‑1, 37‑5 Restitution, coefficient of, 30‑8 quality designation, 18‑2
steel, 38‑1 Resulfurized carbon steel, 36‑2 salt, 18‑2
Rejection rate, salt, 14‑19 Resultant, 22‑1 Rockwell
Related angle, 2‑11 acceleration, 27‑7 A scale, 35‑19
Relation, Parseval, 5‑6 active earth pressure, 20‑4 B scale, 35‑19
Relational database, 59‑10 force, 22‑2 C scale, 35‑19
Relationship hydrostatic, 8‑4 hardness, 36‑22
flexural-compressive force, 46‑1 of two-dimensional forces, 22‑1 hardness test, 35‑19
mass-volume, 18‑1, 18‑10 passive earth pressure, 20‑4, 20‑5 test, 36‑22
slope, 33‑7 surcharge, 20‑5 Rod
soil mass-volume, 18‑1, 18‑10 vector, 3‑12 leveling, 49‑4
weight-volume, 52‑1, 52‑7 Retainer fee, 61‑4 tie, 21‑3
Relative Retaining Roller
addressing, 59‑6 wall key, 20‑1 compactor, 57‑5
cell reference, 59‑6 wall structures, 20‑1 compactor production capability, 57‑5
column, 59‑6 wall, active forces, 20‑5 rubber tired (tbl), 57‑4
compaction, 18‑14, 18‑15 wall, cantilever, 20‑1 sheep’s foot (tbl), 57‑4
computational speed, 59‑1, 59‑3 Retention watershed (see also type), 10‑6 smooth wheel (tbl), 57‑4
density, 18‑13, 18‑14 Retention (see also Detention) time, 14‑5 support, 22‑7
dispersion, 6‑10 Retroreflector, 49‑3 Rolling wheel, 29‑7
motion, 27‑1, 27‑8 Return Root
permittivity, 35‑3 interval, 10‑2 complex number, 3‑5
risk, 60‑15 minimum attractive rate, 60‑12 double, 2‑4, 5‑3
row cell reference, 59‑6 on investment, 60‑16 -mean-square value, 6‑7
stiffness, 26‑3 rate of, 60‑12 node, 59‑9
stiffness, slab, 40‑4 rate, sludge, 16‑6 of characteristic equation, 5‑3
Reliability ratio, sludge, 16‑6 of quadratic, 2‑4
flexible pavement, 52‑16 Reuse, wastewater, 15‑5 square, -1, 3‑2
pavement, 52‑16 Revenue, 60‑14 Rope, standard hoisting, 58‑7
Relief Reverse osmosis, 14‑15, 14‑19 ROR, 60‑12
stress, 36‑21 Revolution Rose model, 14‑9
well, 12‑3 paraboloid of, 2‑22 Rotating
Reloading curve, 18‑18 paraboloid of, 2‑22 axis, 27‑8
Remaindering modulus, 59‑9 Reynolds number, 9‑6 beam test, 35‑15
Removal Rhomboid, 25‑7 biological contactor, 15‑5
credit, 14‑9 area moment of inertia, 25‑7 biological reactor, 15‑5
efficiency, 14‑15 centroid, 25‑7 Rotation
efficiency, log, 14‑8 Rhombus, 2‑19 about a fixed axis, 29‑1, 29‑7
INDEX - R
log, 14‑8 Rigging, 57‑9 about an arbitrary fixed axis, 29‑9

Repetitive loading, 31‑10 lift, multiple, 57‑9 instantaneous center, 29‑7
Rephosphorized carbon steel, 36‑2 statics (fig), 57‑9 unit, 26‑3
Report, environmental impact, 48‑2 Right Rotational
Repose, angle of, 51‑3 angle, 2‑11 kinetic energy, 30‑3
Required circular cone, 2‑21 particle motion, 27‑5
stirrup spacing, 38‑8 circular cone, mensuration, 2‑22 variable, 27‑1, 27‑9
strength, 37‑9 circular cone, volume, 2‑21 Rotex gear, 58‑7
Requirement equilibrium, 22‑5 circular cylinder, 2‑22 Roughing filter, 15‑5
Research and development cost, 60‑16 circular cylinder, mensuration, 2‑22 Roughness
Reservoir, 10‑6 circular cylinder, volume, 2‑22 coefficient, 11‑7
evaporation, 10‑6 -hand rule, 22‑3 coefficient, Hazen-Williams, 11‑6
impounding, 10‑6 -side lateral clearance, 48‑4 coefficient, Manning’s, 11‑5
routing, 10‑1, 10‑6 triangle, 2‑12 Routine, sorting, 59‑8
Residence Rigid Routing reservoir, 10‑1, 10‑6
time, hydraulic, 14‑5 body, 27‑1, 28‑2, 30‑3 Row cell reference, absolute, 59‑6
time, mean cell, 16‑4 body, Newton’s second law, 28‑2 RQD, 18‑2
time, sludge, 16‑9 body, plane motion, 29‑1, 29‑7 Rubber tired roller (tbl), 57‑4
time, solids, 16‑4 truss, 23‑1 Rule
Residual, 6‑23 Rigidity, modulus of, 31‑4 compass, 49‑8
combined, 13‑7 Ring antifriction, 24‑4 Cramer’s, 3‑10
free, 13‑7 Rise, capillary, 7‑7 Gibbs’ phase, 36‑20
oxidant, total, 15‑6 Riser pipe, 12‑3 half-year, 60‑2
pressure, 11‑10 Rising Kennedy’s, 29‑7
Residuals, 16‑2 limb, 10‑3 L’Hôpital’s, 4‑6
sludge, 16‑7 lever, 36‑1, 36‑18
I N D E X I-29
I-29
of 90, 52‑5 Schist, 18‑2 extrinsic, impurity energy levels (tbl),

of mixtures, 36‑13 Science materials, 35‑2 35‑6
right-hand, 22‑3 Scour velocity, 15‑4 intrinsic, 35‑5, 35‑6
Simpson’s, 49‑10 Scraper, 57‑3 Semimajor distance, ellipse, 2‑7
statutory, 62‑1 capacity, 57‑3 Semiminor distance, ellipse, 2‑7
transit, 49‑8 production capability, 57‑3 Semiparabola
trapezoidal, 49‑10 push-loaded, 57‑3 area, 25‑12
Rules, 60‑2 type of (tbl), 57‑4 area, area moment of inertia, 25‑12
Rules Model, 62‑3 Scratch hardness test, 35‑19 area, centroid, 25‑12
Rules Screen Sense vector, 3‑11
of professional conduct, 62‑1 wastewater, 15‑3 Sensitivity
of Professional Conduct, NCEES, 62‑2 well, 12‑3 analysis, 60‑13
SI system, 1‑1, 1‑6 Screening, 14‑1, 14‑3 variable, 60‑13
Runoff, 10‑5 Screw, 24‑1, 24‑3 Separation hydrograph, 10‑3
surface, 10‑1, 10‑3 Scrubber, venturi (tbl), 17‑6 Sequence, 3‑14
Rupture Search arithmetic, 3‑14
line, 18‑23 binary, 59‑8 convergent, 3‑14
modulus of, concrete, 36‑12 linear, 59‑8 divergent, 3‑14
plane, soil, 20‑6 sequential, 59‑8 first term, 3‑14
strength, 35‑18 Searching, 59‑8 general term, 3‑14
Rural area, 48‑3 Secant, 2‑13 geometric, 3‑15
Rutting, pavement, 52‑7 modulus, 36‑12, 37‑5 term, 3‑14
Second Sequencing
S moment, 25‑14 construction, 54‑4
s-domain, 5‑6 moment of the area, 4‑9, 25‑14 design, 54‑3
S-N curve, 35‑15 -order analysis, nonlinear, 39‑6 Sequential
Sack cement, 36‑10, 37‑4 -order characteristic equation, 5‑3 file, 59‑7
Safe -order differential equation, 5‑1 file structure, 59‑7
bearing pressure, 19‑4 -order effect, 46‑1, 46‑2 search, 59‑8
Drinking Water Act, 13‑4 -order linear differential equation, 5‑2 Series
Safety, 58‑1 -stage reactor volume, 16‑10 finite, 3‑14
crane, 58‑8 Secondary Fourier, 5‑5
factor of, 31‑9 clarifier, 16‑1, 16‑2 galvanic, 36‑14
factor, against sliding, 20‑7 clarifier, activated sludge, 16‑2 harmonic, 5‑5
feature, road, 53‑1, 53‑3 consolidation, 18‑20 in seawater, galvanic (tbl), 36‑14
scaffolding, 58‑1, 58‑6 creep, 35‑18 infinite, 3‑14
traffic, 53‑1 standard, 17‑1 Maclaurin, 3‑16
work zone, 53‑1, 53‑7 treatment, 15‑1 power, 3‑16
Sag section power, representation, 3‑16
curve, 50‑12 modulus, 43‑4 properties, 3‑16
vertical curve, 50‑6 modulus, elastic, 43‑4 spring, 30‑5
Salary plus fee, 61‑4 modulus, plastic, 43‑4 Taylor’s, 3‑16
Sales statement, cost of (ftn), 60‑14 Section Server
Salt compact, 43‑2 model, M/M/1 single-, 48‑9
flux, 14‑19 conic, 2‑4 model, M/M/s multi-, 48‑9, 48‑11
flux, membrane, 14‑19 cross, 51‑1, 51‑2 queue, 48‑10
water conversion, 14‑15 modulus, 33‑3 Service
Sample typical, 51‑2 level of, 48‑3
coefficient of variation, 6‑10 Sections life, 60‑8
correlation coefficient, 6‑23 method of, 23‑1, 23‑3 load, 35‑12, 37‑8
mean, 6‑6 taking at pluses, 51‑2 Serviceability
standard deviation, 6‑8 Sector index, initial, 52‑17
variance, 6‑9 circular, 25‑10 index, terminal, 52‑15, 52‑17
Sand, 19‑1, 19‑2 circular, area moment of inertia, 25‑10 limit state, 37‑8
bearing capacity, 19‑6 circular, centroid, 25‑10 Set, 6‑1, 21‑1
boil, 18‑17 circular, mensuration, 2‑19 complement, 6‑1
braced cut, 21‑1, 21‑2 Sedimentary rock, 18‑2 complement law, 6‑1
INDEX - R
cuts in (fig), 21‑2 Sedimentation, 14‑3 disjoint, 6‑1
filter, 14‑8, 15‑1, 15‑5 basin (see also Clarifier), 16‑1, 16‑2 element, 6‑1
filter backwashing, 14‑9 basins (tbl), 14‑6 intersection, 6‑1
filter, intermittent, 15‑5 plain, 14‑4 member, 6‑1
filter, polishing, 15‑5 tank, 14‑1, 14‑4 null, 6‑1
filter, rapid, 15‑5 Seepage permanent, 35‑11
filter, slow, 14‑10, 15‑5 exit gradient, vertical, 18‑18 theory, 6‑1
versus clay, 19‑1, 19‑2 factor of safety, 18‑17 union, 6‑1
Sandstone, 18‑2 flow net, 18‑1, 18‑17 universal, 6‑1
Saturated unit weight, 18‑12 Segment Settleable solids, 13‑7
Saturation degree, 18‑12 circular, 2‑18, 25‑10 Settlement, 18‑20
Scaffold, 58‑1, 58‑6 circular, area moment of inertia, 25‑10 ultimate consolidation, 18‑21
Scalar, 3‑11 circular, centroid, 25‑10 Settlement (see also Consolidation), 19‑1
function, gradient, 4‑10 circular, mensuration, 2‑18 differential, 19‑1
function, Laplacian, 4‑11 study, 48‑2 elastic, 18‑20
product, 3‑12 Selection, materials, 35‑2 immediate, 18‑20
Scale Self Settling, 18‑1, 18‑20
characteristic, 11‑9 -generating transducer, 35‑7 tank, 14‑1, 14‑4
Mohs, 35‑19 -generating transducer (fig), 35‑7 velocity, 14‑4, 14‑5
Rockwell A, 35‑19 Selling expense, 60‑16 Severability, 61‑2
Rockwell B, 35‑19 Semi Severity
Rockwell C, 35‑19 -gravity wall, 20‑1 category, 53‑1
water, 13‑4 -precise level, 49‑4 ratio, 53‑1
Scaling, pavement, 52‑7 Semiconductor, 35‑5 Sexagesimal system, 49‑3
Schedule, management, 54‑5 extrinsic, 35‑5, 35‑6
Scheduling, fast-track, 54‑5 extrinsic, elemental (tbl), 35‑6
Shaft, 32‑5 Shot peening, 35‑15 Slab

device, 11‑3 Shoving pavement, 52‑7 beam, factored moment, 40‑1, 40‑4
work, 11‑3 Shredder, 15‑4 concrete, vii, 36‑25, 40‑1, 40‑3
Shale, 18‑2 Shrinkage, 51‑1, 51‑7 deflection, 40‑2
Shallow foundation, 19‑1 compensating concrete, 37‑4 design, flexure, 40‑1, 40‑2
Shape cracking, 37‑4 design, shear, 40‑1, 40‑3
designations, 37‑8, 45‑1 SI flat, 40‑3
factor, 19‑4 system, 1‑1, 1‑6 minimum thickness (tbl), 40‑2
pile (fig), 51‑3 system, rules, 1‑1, 1‑6 one-way, 40‑1
Shapes Side thickness, 52‑2
dimensions and properties, W- (tbl), adjacent, 2‑12 two-way, 40‑1, 40‑3
43‑7 friction factor, 50‑6 waffle, 40‑3
structural, 37‑1, 37‑7 opposite, 2‑12 Slack time, 54‑7
Sharpness, 4‑4 Sieve Slaked lime, 14‑13
curve, 4‑5 openings, 18‑3 Slate, 18‑2
Shear, 33‑1 sizes, 18‑5 Slender rings, properties of, 29‑3
block strength, 45‑5 sizes (tbl), 18‑4 Slenderness
bolt tension and (tbl), 47‑3 test, 18‑3 ratio, 39‑2, 44‑1, 44‑2
critical section, 38‑7, 40‑3 Sight ratio, critical, 44‑2
critical section, footing, 42‑2 distance, 50‑9, 50‑12 ratio, effective, 34‑4
design strength, 43‑6 distance, PRT, 53‑5 Slewing
diagram, 33‑2 distance, stopping, 50‑12 platform, 58‑7
double-action, 42‑2 Sigma phase (steel) (ftn), 36‑4 unit, 58‑7
failure, soil, 19‑1 Sign Sliding
flow, 32‑6, 33‑6 convention, moment, 33‑2 factor of safety against, 20‑7
force, mobilized, 20‑7 convention, shear, 33‑1 plate viscometer, 7‑4
formation, rate of, 7‑5 convention, stress, 31‑1 resistance, soil, 20‑6
function, 33‑2 letter height, 53‑6 Sling distance, 57‑7
lag reduction coefficient, 45‑3 Signal Slip
magnitude, 33‑2 four-phase, 48‑8 base, pole, 53‑3
modulus, 31‑4, 37‑7 three-phase, 48‑8 coefficient, 14‑6, 47‑3
one-way, 42‑2 timing, traffic, 48‑1, 48‑8 -critical connection, 47‑2
plane, 20‑6 two-phase, 48‑8 impending, 24‑2
plane, soil, 20‑6 Signalized intersection, 48‑1, 48‑8 Slippage, 24‑2
punching, 42‑2 Significant deterioration, prevention, 17‑1 plane, soil, 20‑6
rate (fluid), 7‑5 Silica, 36‑10 Slipping, cracking, pavement, 52‑7
reinforcement, 38‑6 fume, 37‑5 Slope, 2‑1
resistance, mobilized, 20‑7 Silicon bronze, 36‑5 confidence interval, 6‑23
sign convention, 33‑1 Similar triangle, 2‑12 excavation, 58‑2
single-action, 42‑2 Similarity, 5‑8 failure, 20‑6
slab design, 40‑1, 40‑3 complete, 9‑6 failure resistance, 20‑1, 20‑5
strain, 31‑2, 31‑4 dynamic, 9‑6 instability, 20‑6
strength provided by shear geometric, 9‑6 -intercept form, 2‑2
reinforcement, 38‑8 kinematic, 9‑6 perpendicular line, 2‑1
strength, concrete, 36‑12 mechanical, 9‑5 relationships, 33‑7
strength, mobilized, 20‑6 partial, 9‑6 Slopes and deflections, cantilevered beam
strength, nominal, 38‑7 Similitude (see also Similarity), 9‑5 (tbl), 33‑10
strength, undrained, 18‑24 Simple Slotted hole, 47‑1
stress, 18‑23, 31‑1, 33‑5 interest, 60‑7 Slow sand filter, 14‑10, 15‑5
stress (fluid), 7‑4 support, 22‑7 Sludge, 14‑8, 16‑2
stress distribution, beam, 33‑5 Simply supported beams (tbl), 43‑5 activated, 16‑1, 16‑2
stress theory, maximum, 31‑9 Simpson’s rule, 49‑10 age, 16‑4
stress, concrete beam, 38‑6 Simulator, 59‑6 age, BOD, 16‑4
test, direct, 18‑1, 18‑23 Simultaneous equations, matrix, 3‑10 bulking, 16‑4, 16‑7
two-way, 42‑2 Sine, 2‑13 parameters, 16‑1, 16‑3
wall, 41‑2 law of, 2‑15 quantity, water treatment, 14‑8
wide-beam, 42‑2 Single return rate, 16‑6
yield strength in, 31‑9, 31‑10 -action shear, 42‑2 return ratio, 16‑6
Shearing resistance, soil, 20‑6 payment (tbl), 60‑3 rising, 16‑7
Sheathing, 21‑1 payment cash flow, 60‑2 volume index, 16‑4, 16‑7
Sheave, 24‑1 payment compound amount factor, washout, 16‑7
head, 57‑6 60‑4 waste activated, 16‑2
Sheep’s foot roller (tbl), 57‑4 payment equivalence, 60‑4 wasting, 16‑6
Sheer vane test, 58‑2 payment present worth factor, 60‑4 water treatment, 14‑5
Sheet strength test, 37‑5 Slug, 1‑4
crane data, 57‑6 Singly reinforced beams, 38‑4 Slump
piling, 21‑1, 21‑3 Sinking concrete, 37‑3, 37‑4
piling, section modulus, 21‑3 fund, 60‑5 test, 36‑11
INDEX - S
trench, 21‑3 fund factor, 60‑5 Smog, 17‑3

Sheeting, 21‑1 Sinusoidal fluctuating stress (fig), 31‑10 classic, 17‑3
close, 21‑1 Site photochemical, 17‑3
Shell, 32‑6 dewatering, 57‑10 Smooth wheel roller (tbl), 57‑4
hollow, 32‑6 reaction, 36‑7 Snellen chart, 53‑6
thin-walled, 32‑6 visit, 54‑2 Snug-tightened connection, 47‑2
Shield trench, 58‑2 Size Soda ash, 14‑13
Shoring, 58‑2 asphalt pavement aggregate (tbl), 52‑3 Soderberg theory, 31‑10
box, 21‑1 crane, 57‑5 Soft material, 35‑8
trench, 21‑1 distribution, particle, 18‑1, 18‑3, 18‑4 Softening
Short factor, 35‑16 membrane, 14‑15
circuit, 35‑5 sieve (tbl), 18‑4 precipitation, 14‑13
column, 39‑1, 39‑2 vehicle, 60‑17 Software, 59‑2
column end moment, 39‑4 SK rating, 15‑4 Softwood, 36‑9
Shortt equation, 50‑5 Skid resistance, pavement, 52‑6
I N D E X I-31
I-31
Soil, 18‑3, 52‑1, 52‑2 free, permittivity of, 35‑3 in series, 30‑5
base, 52‑1 within letter, 53‑6 stiffness, 30‑4
classification, 18‑1, 18‑5, 58‑1 Spacing Square screw threads, 24‑1, 24‑3
classification system (tbl), 18‑9 bracing, 43‑3 Stability
classification, AASHTO, 18‑1, 18‑7 gage, 45‑2 Marshall, 52‑10
classification, AASHTO (tbl), 18‑8 hole, 47‑1 number, 21‑2
classification, Unified, 18‑1, 18‑8 pitch, 45‑2 pavement, 52‑6
classification, USCS, 18‑8 stirrup, 38‑8 Stabilization
cohesionless, 20‑2 Spalling, 52‑7 lagoon, 15‑3
cohesive, 20‑1, 20‑2 Spandrel, 43‑1 pond, 15‑3
failure, 18‑24 general, 25‑12 Stabilometer, Hveem, 52‑11
gap-graded, 18‑4 general, area moment of inertia, 25‑12 Stadia
granular, 20‑1, 20‑2 general, centroid, 25‑12 method, 49‑3
index property, 18‑11 Spatial domain, 5‑6 reading, 49‑3
mass-volume relationship, 18‑1, 18‑10 Special survey, 49‑1
noncohesive, 20‑2 conditions, 26‑1 Stagnation
nonplastic, 18‑6 damages, 61‑7 point, 9‑1
particles, classification, 18‑1, 18‑3 triangle, 2‑1, 2‑12 pressure, 9‑2
permeability, 18‑15 Specific Stainless
pressure, backward, 20‑2 capacity, well, 12‑4 steel, 36‑2, 36‑4
pressure, compressed, 20‑2 energy, 11‑7 steel, austenitic, 36‑4
pressure, forward, 20‑2 gravity, 7‑2, 18‑13 steel, ferritic, 36‑4
pressure, tensioned, 20‑2 gravity, apparent, 52‑8 steel, heat-treatable, 36‑4
strain, vertical, 18‑21 gravity, bulk, 52‑8, 52‑9 steel, martensitic, 36‑4
strength, 18‑24 gravity, effective, 52‑9 steel, precipitation-hardened (ftn), 36‑4
type A, 58‑1 gravity, maximum, 52‑9 steel, superaustenitic, 36‑4
type B, 58‑1 heat, 35‑7 steel, superferritic, 36‑4
type C, 58‑1 heat capacity, 35‑7 Stake (see also type), 49‑4
undrained case, 18‑24 heat, composite material, 36‑13 Standard
water table, 20‑3 heat, molar, 35‑7 accounting principles (ftn), 60‑14
wedge, 20‑6 heat, volumetric, 35‑7 area, grains in, 36‑23
well-graded, 18‑4 performance, 61‑2, 61‑5 atmospheric pressure, 7‑4
Soldier pile, 21‑1 volume, 7‑1 contract, 61‑3
Solid weight, 1‑1, 1‑3, 7‑2 cost, 60‑17
contact unit, 14‑8 weight (see Unit weight), 18‑12 deviation, 6‑7, 6‑8
density, 18‑13 weight, concrete, 36‑11 deviation of a population, 6‑17
mixed liquor suspended, 16‑5 Specification, 37‑2 deviation of activity, 54‑9
mixed liquor volatile suspended, 16‑5 direction, 49‑1, 49‑6 deviation, continuous variable, 6‑12
-solution alloy, 36‑16 Specifications document, 56‑2 deviation, sample, 6‑8
Solidity, 51‑6 Specimen test, 35‑8 deviation, sum of independent random
Solids Speed, 27‑1, 27‑2 variables, 6‑16
fixed, 16‑3 design, 50‑9 error of estimate, 6‑22
in water (see also type), 13‑7 free flow, 48‑4 factory cost, 60‑17
loading rate, 15‑2 relative computational, 59‑1, 59‑3 flood, 10‑2
nonvolatile, 16‑3 Speed (see also type) form, circle, 2‑9
residence time, 16‑4 design, 48‑5 form, ellipse, 2‑7
specific weight, 18‑13 legal, 48‑5 form, equation of a line, 2‑2
suspended, 15‑1 limit, 48‑5 form, hyperbola, 2‑8
volatile, 16‑3, 16‑5 SPF, 10‑2 form, parabola, 2‑6
washout, 16‑7 Sphere form, sphere, 2‑10
Solidus, line, 36‑17 area, 2‑21 form, straight-line, 2‑2
Solubility, 14‑17 center, 2‑10 hoisting rope, 58‑7
dopant atoms, 35‑5 mensuration, 2‑21 hole, 45‑2
Solute properties of, 29‑6 hydrogen electrode, 36‑14
flux, 14‑19 standard form, 2‑10 National Ambient Air Quality, 17‑1
mass transfer coefficient, 14‑19 volume, 2‑21 new source performance, 17‑1
Solution Spherical tank, 32‑4 normal table, 6‑14
alloy, 36‑16, 36‑17 Spinel, 36‑10 normal variable, 6‑14
complementary, 5‑4 Spiral of care, 61‑6
differential equation, 5‑4 column, 39‑3 of care (ftn), 61‑5
indicator, 13‑1, 13‑3 column, details, 39‑3 oxidation potential, 36‑14
Lame’s, 32‑4 curve, 50‑5 primary, 17‑1
neutral, 13‑1, 13‑2 transition length, 50‑5 project flood, 10‑2
particular, 5‑4 wire, column, 39‑3 rate digester, 16‑9
Solvency, 60‑15 wire, splice, 39‑3 -rate filter, 15‑4
Solvent Splice, spiral wire, 39‑3 rate reactor volume, 16‑9
flux, 14‑19 Splitting tensile strength, 36‑12 rod, 49‑4
flux, 14‑19 Spoils, 21‑1 secondary, 17‑1
INDEX - S
Sorption zone, depth, 14‑12, 14‑13 Spray tower, 14‑16 Standards

Sort Spread footing, 19‑2 1910, 58‑1
bubble, 59‑8 Spreader beam, 57‑9 1926, 58‑1
heap, 59‑8 Spreading cracking, pavement, 52‑7 National Ambient Air Quality (tbl),
insertion, 59‑8 Spreadsheet, 59‑6 17‑2
Sorting routine, 59‑8 application program, 59‑6 State
Sound limit, 58‑5 Spring Implementation Plan, 17‑1
Source constant, 30‑4 plane coordinate system, 49‑1, 49‑3
code statement, 59‑1 constant, composite, 30‑5 Statement
reduction, 17‑6 constant, equivalent, 30‑5 draft environmental impact, 48‑2
SOYD, 60‑8 constant, torsional, 32‑6 financial, 60‑14
Space force, 30‑4 IF THEN, 59‑4
between letter, 53‑6 Hooke’s law, 30‑4 of changes in financial position, 60‑14
confined, 58‑5 in parallel, 30‑5 of income and retained earnings, 60‑14
profit and loss, 60‑14
sales, cost of (ftn), 60‑14 structural, 36‑2, 37‑6 creep, 35‑18

source code, 59‑1 temperature, 40‑1, 40‑2 design, 37‑3, 43‑2
Static tension member, 45‑1 design method, 35‑12, 37‑2
basis, 57‑7 tool, 36‑2 design, bearing wall, 41‑2
friction, 24‑2, 28‑4 types, 37‑1, 37‑6 fatigue, 35‑15
pressure, 11‑10 ultrahigh-strength, 36‑2 flexural design, 43‑5
Statical units, 37‑1, 37‑6 flexural, steel beams, 43‑1, 43‑2
moment, 25‑1, 33‑5 Step fracture, 35‑11
moment (ftn), 25‑1 function, 5‑4 law, Abrams’, 36‑11
Statically response, 5‑5 limit state, 37‑8
determinate, 22‑6 Stiction friction, 28‑4 limit states, 46‑1
determinate truss, 23‑1, 23‑2 Stiff mixture, 36‑11 material, composite, 36‑13
indeterminate, 22‑6, 26‑1 Stiffness nominal, 35‑12
Statics, 22‑1 beam, 26‑1, 26‑3 nominal shear, 38‑7
indeterminate, 26‑1 creep (tbl), 52‑12 plastic, 43‑4
rigging (fig), 57‑9 relative, 26‑3 reduction factor, 37‑3, 38‑4
Station relative, slab, 40‑4 required, 37‑9
angle, 49‑7 spring, 30‑4 rupture, 35‑18
back, 50‑5 torsional, 32‑6 shear design, 43‑6
curve, around, 50‑1, 50‑4 Stirrup, 38‑1, 38‑8 shear, provided by shear reinforcement,
survey distance, 49‑3 spacing, 38‑8 38‑8
zero plus zero zero, 50‑4 spacing, maximum-permitted, 38‑8 soil, 18‑24
Stationing, 49‑1, 49‑3 spacing, required, 38‑8 tensile, 35‑11, 37‑7, 45‑4
ahead, 50‑5 Stone matrix asphalt, 52‑4 ultimate, 35‑11, 35‑12, 37‑9
back, 50‑5 Stopping ultimate tensile, 37‑7
curve, 50‑1, 50‑4 distance, design, 53‑5 yield, 35‑11
forward, 50‑5 sight distance, 50‑9, 50‑11, 50‑12 yield, nonferrous metal (fig), 35‑11
Statute, 62‑1 sight distance, crest vertical curve, Stress, 31‑1, 35‑1, 35‑8
of frauds (ftn), 61‑1 50‑10 1, 35‑10
Statutory rule, 62‑1 Storage allowable, 31‑9, 35‑11, 44‑4
Steady capacity, 10‑5, 12‑1 alternating, 31‑10
-flow energy equation, 11‑3 coefficient, 10‑5, 12‑1 available, 44‑4
flow well, 12‑4 indication method, 10‑6 axial, 32‑3
incompressible flow, 11‑3 Storativity, 10‑5, 12‑1 beam, 33‑1, 33‑3
Steel, 36‑19, 44‑5 Straight beams, 33‑4
alloying ingredient, 36‑2 -ahead stopping sight distance, 50‑9 bending, 33‑3
alloying ingredients (tbl), 36‑3 angle, 2‑11 buckling, 44‑1
beam design, 43‑1, 43‑2 line, 2‑1 circumferential, 32‑3, 32‑4
beams, maximum area, 38‑1, 38‑4 -line method, 10‑3 column, 34‑4
beams, minimum area, 38‑1, 38‑4 line method, 60‑8 concentration factor, 31‑9
carbon, 36‑2, 37‑6 Strain, 31‑2, 35‑1, 35‑8 contour chart, 19‑3
column, 44‑1 1, 35‑10 corrosion, 36‑15
compression member, 44‑1 axial, 31‑2 critical, 44‑4
corrosion-resistant, 36‑2 balanced, 38‑4 design, 44‑4
extreme tension, 38‑3 conditions (fig), 38‑4 design, working, 35‑12
free-machining, 36‑2 creep, 35‑18 effective, 18‑1, 18‑14, 20‑1, 20‑2, 31‑9
group A, 36‑3 elastic, 35‑11 effective, in retaining walls, 20‑1, 20‑2
group D, 36‑3 energy, 31‑5, 35‑17 endurance, 35‑15
group H, 36‑3 energy method, 26‑1, 26‑4 engineering, 35‑9
group M, 36‑3 engineering, 31‑2, 35‑9 fiber, extreme, 33‑3
group O, 36‑3 general, 31‑1, 31‑8 flexural, 33‑3
group S, 36‑3 hardening, 36‑21 hoop, 32‑3, 32‑4
group T, 36‑3 inelastic, 35‑11 in a fluid, 7‑4
group W, 36‑3 limit, compression-controlled, 38‑4 intensity factor, 35‑14
high-alloy, 36‑2 linear, 31‑2, 35‑11 long, 32‑3
high-carbon, 36‑2 longitudinal, 31‑2 longitudinal, 32‑3
high-strength, 36‑2 net tensile, 38‑3 mean, 31‑10
high-strength low-alloy, 37‑6 normal, 31‑2 mean fatigue, 35‑15
longitudinal, 38‑1 parameters, true stress and, 35‑10 normal, 31‑1
low-alloy, 36‑2 plastic, 35‑11 normal (fluid), 7‑4
low-carbon, 36‑2 proportional, 35‑11 plane, 31‑5
maraging (ftn), 36‑2 rate of (fluid), 7‑5 principal, 31‑6
medium-carbon, 36‑2 shear, 31‑2, 31‑4 principal (tanks), 32‑4
nondeforming, 36‑3 thermal, 32‑2 range, 31‑10
nonsulfurized carbon, 36‑2 thermally induced normal, 32‑2 ratio, cyclic, 18‑16
passivated, 36‑4 three-dimensional, 31‑8 relief, 36‑21
plain carbon, 36‑2 ultimate, 18‑21 -rupture test, 35‑18
properties, 37‑1, 37‑7 Strategic Highway Research Program, 52‑11 shear, 18‑23, 31‑1, 33‑5
INDEX - S
quenched and tempered, 37‑6 Stratospheric ozone, 17‑3 shear (fluid), 7‑4
reinforcing, 38‑1 Streaking, pavement, 52‑7 shear, concrete beam, 38‑6
rephosphorized carbon, 36‑2 Stream hydrograph, 10‑3 shear, distribution, beam, 33‑5
resulfurized carbon, 36‑2 Streamline, 18‑16 sign convention, 31‑1
shape designations, 37‑8 Street, 48‑3 -strain curve, 35‑1, 35‑10
sigma phase (ftn), 36‑4 urban, 48‑3 tangential, 32‑3, 32‑4
stainless, 36‑2, 36‑4 Strength tangential (fluid), 7‑4
stainless, austenitic, 36‑4 acceptance testing, 37‑1, 37‑5 tension, diagonal, 38‑6
stainless, ferritic, 36‑4 available, bearing, 47‑1, 47‑3 thermal, 32‑2
stainless, heat-treatable, 36‑4 beam, nominal shear, 38‑7 total, 18‑14
stainless, martensitic, 36‑4 bearing, available, 47‑1, 47‑3 von Mises, 31‑9
stainless, precipitation-hardened (ftn), block shear, 45‑5 yield, 35‑11, 37‑7
36‑4 breaking, 35‑11 Strict liability in tort, 61‑6
stainless, superaustenitic, 36‑4 coefficient, 52‑18 Stringer, 21‑1, 43‑1
stainless, superferritic, 36‑4 compressive, design, 44‑4 Strip footing, 19‑2
I N D E X I-33
I-33
Stripping Superior performing asphalt pavement, Synthetic

air, 14‑1, 14‑16, 15‑1, 15‑6 52‑11 detergent, 13‑5
ammonia, 15‑6 Supernatant, 16‑9 polymer, 36‑7
factor, 14‑18 Superpave, 52‑2, 52‑4, 52‑11 System
pavement, 52‑7 binder grades, 52‑5 accelerated cost recovery, 60‑9
Strong Superposition, 33‑10 accrual (ftn), 60‑14
data type, 59‑4 Supplementary bookkeeping, 60‑13
material, 35‑8 angle, 2‑12 cash, 60‑14
Struck capacity, 57‑2, 57‑3 unit, 1‑4 cgs, 1‑4
Structural Supplier ethics, 62‑6 conservative, 30‑6
bolt, 47‑1 Supplier’s lien, 61‑4 English Engineering, 1‑2
cell, 23‑1 Supply of inventory, days, 60‑16 English Gravitational, 1‑4
design, flexible pavement, 52‑14 Support expert, 59‑10
engineer, 63‑1 lateral, 43‑1, 43‑2, 43‑3 force-couple, 22‑4
number, 52‑16 pinned, 22‑7 gain, 5‑4
number, pavement, 52‑1, 52‑18 reaction, 22‑6 general ledger (ftn), 60‑14
shape, 45‑1 redundant, 22‑6 indeterminate, 22‑6
shape designations, 37‑8 roller, 22‑7 linear, 27‑3
shapes, 37‑1, 37‑7 simple, 22‑7 manual bookkeeping (ftn), 60‑14
steel, 36‑2, 37‑6 work, 57‑10 metric, 1‑4
steel, shapes, 37‑1, 37‑7 Surcharge, 20‑4 mks, 1‑1, 1‑4
steel, tension member, vii, 36‑25, 45‑1, resultant, 20‑5 modified accelerated cost recovery,
45‑3, 45‑5 Surface 60‑9
steel, types, 37‑1, 37‑6 area factor, 52‑7 of forces, 22‑1, 22‑4
Structure area method, 52‑7 rectilinear, 27‑3
composite, 33‑13 area, grain-boundary, 36‑24 time, 48‑9
database, 59‑1, 59‑9 Class A, 47‑3 unified numbering, alloy, 36‑2
retaining wall, 20‑1 Class B, 47‑3
-sensitive properties, 36‑15 factor, 35‑16 T
temporary, 58‑6 faying, 47‑3 t
tree, 59‑9 flow, 10‑3 -distribution, 6‑14, 6‑15
type of retaining wall, 20‑1 free, 11‑4 -distribution (tbl), 6‑27
Structured frictionless, 22‑7 -distribution, student’s (tbl), 6‑27
language, 59‑3 hydraulic loading, 14‑18 -test, 6‑15
programming, 59‑4 loading, 14‑4 T-beam, 38‑6
Student’s quadric, 2‑1, 2‑10 Table
t-distribution, 6‑15 recycling, 52‑19 groundwater, 20‑2
t-distribution (tbl), 6‑27 runoff, 10‑1, 10‑3 precedence, 54‑5
Study tension, 7‑6 Tachyometric distance measurement, 49‑3
segment, 48‑2 Surprise, 53‑5 Takeoff, 54‑2
traffic, 48‑1, 48‑2 Survey viewer, 54‑2
traffic volume, 48‑2 geodetic, 49‑1 Tamper (tbl), 57‑4
travel time and delay, 48‑2 photogrammetric, 49‑2 Tangency, point of, 50‑5, 50‑7
Subbase mass diagram, 51‑5 plane, 49‑1 Tangent, 2‑10, 2‑13
Subchord, 50‑4 stadia, 49‑1 ahead, 50‑1
Subcontract, 61‑3 zoned, 49‑1 back, 50‑1
Subcontractor, 61‑3 Survey (see also type), 49‑1 curve, 50‑1
Subgrade, 52‑1, 52‑2 Surveyor’s departure, 50‑1
drain, 52‑20 chain, 49‑3 distance, 50‑3
Submerged transit, 49‑5 elevation, 50‑8
orifice, 9‑4 Suspended forward, 50‑1
plane surface, 8‑1, 8‑4 solids, 15‑1 modulus, 36‑12, 37‑5
unit weight, 18‑12 solids mass balance, 16‑6 offset, 50‑7
Submergence depth, 18‑14 solids, age, 16‑4 offset (fig), 50‑7
Subprocess, perception-reaction, 53‑5 solids, mixed liquor, 16‑3 point, 50‑2
Subset, 6‑1 solids, mixed liquor volatile, 16‑3 Tangential
proper, 6‑1 solids, total, 16‑4 acceleration, 27‑7, 27‑9
Substitutional matrices, 3‑10 solids, volatile, 16‑3 component, 27‑1, 27‑7, 28‑6
Subsurface Sustainability, 62‑2 stress, 32‑3, 32‑4
flow, 10‑3 Sustainable stress (fluid), 7‑4
water, 12‑1 design, 62‑2 velocity, 27‑7, 27‑9
Subtraction development, 62‑2 Tank
complex number, 3‑3 material, 62‑2 aeration, 16‑1, 16‑5
vector, 3‑12 SVI, 16‑7 detritus, 15‑4
Suburban area, 48‑3, 48‑5 Sweet mixture, concrete, 37‑4 sedimentation, 14‑1, 14‑4
Successive minima, 59‑8 Swell, 51‑7 spherical, 32‑4
Sulfate-resistant portland cement, 37‑4 (soil), 51‑1 thin-walled, 32‑3
Sulfur dioxide, 17‑3, 17‑4 Symbol upflow, 14‑8
INDEX - S
Sulfuric acid, 17‑3 annotation, 59‑2 volume, 16‑7

Sum connector, 59‑2 Tape survey, 49‑3
of independent random variables, 6‑16 decision, 59‑2 Tapered
of means, 6‑1, 6‑18 flowchart, 59‑2 energy, 14‑7
-of-the-years’ digits method, 60‑8 input/output, 59‑2 flocculation, 14‑7
random variable, 6‑15 off-page, 59‑2 Target
Sum-of-the-years’ depreciation, 3‑16 predefined process, 59‑2 attainable, 48‑2
Sunk cost, 60‑2 processing, 59‑2 optimum asphalt content, 52‑10
Super high-rate filter, 15‑5 terminal, 59‑2 Taylor’s
Superaustenitic stainless steel, 36‑4 Syndet, 13‑5 formula, 3‑16
Superconductivity, 36‑10 series, 3‑16
Supercooled liquid, 36‑9 Technology
Superelevation, 50‑5, 50‑6 maximum achievable control, 17‑2
Superferritic stainless steel, 36‑4 transportation facilities, 48‑1, 48‑3
Superficial velocity, 14‑9 Teflon, 36‑8
Telenomer, 36‑6 Proctor, 18‑1, 18‑14 Threaded list, 59‑9

Telescope, 49‑4 Rockwell, 36‑22 Three
Telescopic instrument, 49‑1 Rockwell hardness, 35‑19 -force member, 22‑5
Temper, carbon, 36‑4 rotating beam, 35‑15 -phase signal, 48‑8
Temperature scratch hardness, 35‑19 Threshold level value, 58‑3
air, mean annual, 52‑14 single strength, 37‑5 Thumb penetration test, 58‑2
conversions (tbl), 1‑7 slump, 36‑11 Tie, 21‑3
critical, 36‑19 specimen, 35‑8 line (temperature), 36‑18
ductility transition, 35‑17 stress-rupture, 35‑18 rod, 21‑3
eutectic, 36‑17 tensile, 35‑8 Tieback, 21‑3
factor, 35‑16 two-tail, 6‑15 Tied
fictive, 36‑9 unconfined compressive strength, 18‑1, bulkhead, 21‑3
fracture appearance transition 18‑24 column, 39‑2
(FATT), 35‑17 Vickers, 35‑19, 36‑22 column, details, 39‑3
fracture transition plastic (FTP), 35‑17 Test (see also type) Time
glass transition, 36‑9 Atterberg limit, 18‑1, 18‑6 brake reaction, 50‑9
recrystallization, 36‑21 confined compression, 18‑18 constant, 5‑4
steel, 40‑1, 40‑2 constant-head, 18‑15 -cost trade-off, 54‑4
transition, 35‑17 hydrometer, 18‑4 crash, 54‑5
Tempered martensite, 36‑22 Los Angeles abrasion, 52‑6 cycle, 57‑1, 57‑2
Tempering, 36‑21 oedometer, 18‑18 equation of motion as a function of,
Temporary Proctor (fig), 18‑15 28‑5
benchmark, 49‑3 sieve, 18‑3 factor, 18‑22
structure, 58‑6 Testing, hypothesis, 6‑1, 6‑20 float, 54‑7
Tendency Theodolite, 49‑4, 49‑5 perception-reaction, 50‑10, 53‑5
central, 6‑1, 6‑5 Theorem PIEV, 50‑9
measure of central, 6‑1, 6‑5 Bayes’, 6‑5 slack, 54‑7
Tender mix, 52‑7 buoyancy, 8‑6 -temperature-transformation curve,
Tendon, 21‑3 central limit, 6‑14, 6‑18 36‑21
Tensile final value, 5‑9 to concentration, 10‑4, 10‑5
force, 24‑1 Fourier, 5‑5 value of money, 60‑3
strain, net, 38‑3 fundamental, of integral calculus, 4‑7 Time (see also type)
strength, 35‑11, 37‑7, 45‑4 Green’s, 51‑2 base, 10‑3
strength, splitting, 36‑12 initial value, 5‑9 detention, 14‑5
strength, ultimate, 37‑7 Kennedy’s, 29‑7 hydraulic detention, 16‑5
test, 35‑8 parallel axis, 4‑9, 25‑15, 29‑2 retention, 14‑5
Tension, 24‑1 perpendicular axis, 25‑14 Timing, traffic signal, 48‑1, 48‑8
bolt (tbl), 47‑3 transfer axis, 4‑9, 25‑15, 29‑2 Tin, 36‑5
cable, guardrail, 53‑3 Theoretical detention time, 14‑15 Tip velocity, 14‑6
member, vii, 36‑25, 45‑1, 45‑3, 45‑5 Theory Tipping
member, design strength, 45‑1, 45‑4 distortion energy, 31‑9 load, 57‑6, 57‑8
steel, extreme, 38‑3 failure, 31‑9 moment, 57‑7
stress, diagonal, 38‑6 Goodman, modified, 31‑10 Tire tread (ftn), 36‑6
surface, 7‑6 low-cycle fatigue, 35‑15 Titration, 13‑3
Tensioned soil pressure, 20‑2 maximum normal stress, 31‑9 Toe
Tensor, 3‑11 maximum shear stress, 31‑9 excavation, 21‑1
Terminal of probability, 6‑3 kick-out, 21‑3
point, 3‑11 Rankine earth pressure, 20‑5 wash-out, 21‑3
serviceability index, 52‑15, 52‑17 set, 6‑1 Tool steel, 36‑2
symbol, 59‑2 Soderberg, 31‑10 Top-down programming, 59‑4
Tertiary variable loading failure, 31‑1, 31‑10 Torque, 22‑3
creep, 35‑18 Thermal Torsion, 32‑5
pond, 15‑3 expansion, coefficient of, 32‑1, 35‑8 Torsional
treatment, 15‑1 expansion, coefficient of (tbl), 32‑1 buckling, 43‑3, 43‑4
Terzaghi processing, 36‑21 constant, 43‑6
bearing capacity factors, 19‑4 property, 35‑2, 35‑7 spring constant, 32‑6
factor (tbl), 19‑5 strain, 32‑2 stiffness, 32‑6
-Meyerhof equation, 19‑4 stress, 32‑2 Tort, 61‑5
Test Thermally induced normal strain, 32‑2 action, 61‑5
Brinell, 36‑22 Thermoplastic, 36‑8 strict liability in, 61‑6
Brinell hardness, 35‑19 polymer, 36‑8 Torvane, sheer vane test, 58‑2
Charpy, 35‑17 polymer (tbl), 36‑8 Total
Charpy V-notch, 35‑17 resin, 36‑8 air voids, 52‑9
chi-squared, 53‑2 Thermosetting, 36‑8 cost, 60‑16
concrete strength, 37‑1, 37‑5 plastic, 36‑8 dissolved solids, 13‑7
consolidation, 18‑1, 18‑18 polymer (tbl), 36‑8 fixed solids, 13‑7
creep, 35‑18 Thick-walled pressure vessel, 32‑1, 32‑3, nitrogen, 13‑6
direct shear, 18‑1, 18‑23 32‑4 phosphorous, 13‑6
INDEX - T
endurance, 35‑15 Thickness pressure, 20‑2

fatigue, 35‑15 concrete slab, 52‑2 probability, 6‑4
file hardness, 35‑19 design, pavement, 52‑2 ramp density, 48‑4
financial, 60‑15 highway pavement, 52‑2 residual oxidant, 15‑6
for inflection point, 4‑4 minimum, pavement, 52‑18 solids, 13‑7
for maximum point, 4‑3 slab, 52‑2 station survey, 49‑2
for minimum point, 4‑3 Thiem equation, 12‑5 stress, 18‑14
hardness, 35‑18, 36‑22 Thin suspended solids, 13‑7, 16‑4
hypothesis, 6‑20, 53‑2 -walled shell, 32‑6 unit weight, 18‑12
Knoop, 35‑19, 36‑22 -walled tank, 32‑3 volatile solids, 13‑7
Meyer, 35‑19, 36‑22 Third-party liability (ftn), 61‑6 Tough material, 35‑8
Meyer-Vickers, 35‑19 Thread Toughness, 35‑17, 37‑7
Mohs, 35‑19 friction angle, 24‑4 fracture, 35‑14
one-tail, 6‑15 screw, 24‑1, 24‑3 modulus of, 35‑17
permeability, 18‑1, 18‑15 screw, square, 24‑1, 24‑3 notch, 35‑17
I N D E X I-35
I-35
Tower Transverse Truss, 23‑1

crane, 57‑5, 57‑6, 58‑7 axis, hyperbola, 2‑8 bridge, 23‑1
oxidation, 15‑5 component, 27‑7, 28‑6 deflection, 26‑1, 26‑4
packed, 14‑16 component, planar motion, 27‑1, 27‑7 deflection, strain energy method, 26‑1,
spray, 14‑16 Trapezoid, 25‑7 26‑4
tray, 14‑16 area moment of inertia, 25‑7 deflection, unit load method, 26‑1, 26‑4
Toxic Trapezoidal plane, 23‑1, 23‑2
equivalence factor, 17‑5 pressure distribution, 21‑1 rigid, 23‑1
equivalent, 17‑5 rule, 49‑10 statically determinate, 23‑1, 23‑2
Toxicity (in fish), 13‑6 Trash rack, 14‑3, 15‑3 types of (fig), 23‑1
Trace, organic, 15‑1 Travel time and delay study, 48‑2 TTT curve, 36‑21
Tracheid, 36‑9 Traveled distance, 27‑2 Tube, pitot, 9‑1
Tracking, fast, 54‑5 Traverse, 49‑7 Turbid water, 13‑7
Trade-in allowance, 60‑3 angles, closed, balancing, 49‑1, 49‑7 Turbidity, 13‑7
Trading emission, 17‑1 area, 49‑1, 49‑9 unit, nephelometric, 13‑7
Traffic control device color, 53‑6 closure, 49‑8 Turbulent flow impeller mixer power, 14‑7
Traffic Control Devices, Manual on Crandall rule balancing, 49‑8 Turning point, 50‑6, 50‑7
Uniform, 53‑6 distances, closed, balancing, 49‑1, 49‑8 Turnover
Traffic least squares, balancing, 49‑8 inventory, 60‑16
safety, 53‑1 Tray tower, 14‑16 receivable, 60‑15
sign color, 53‑6 Tread, tire (ftn), 36‑6 Twist
sign viewing distance, 53‑6 Treatability constant, 16‑7 angle of, 32‑5, 32‑6
signal timing, 48‑1, 48‑8 Treatment -off bolt, 47‑1
signal, red clearance interval, 48‑9 advanced wastewater, 15‑1 Twisting moment per radian of twist, 32‑6
signal, yellow interval, 48‑8 heat, 36‑21 Two
studies, 48‑1, 48‑2 plant, wastewater, 15‑1 -angle trigonometric identities, 2‑14
volume study, 48‑2 preliminary, 15‑1 -dimensional force, 22‑1
Traffic (see also type), 52‑1, 52‑15 primary, 15‑1 -dimensional force, resultant, 22‑1
design, 52‑1, 52‑16 secondary, 15‑1 -force member, 22‑5, 23‑1
Train, cold, 52‑19 tertiary, 15‑1 -phase signal, 48‑8
Trained person, OSHA, excavation, 58‑3 water, 14‑6 -stage trickling filter, 15‑1, 15‑5
Transducer, 35‑7 Tree -tail confidence limit, 6‑18
self-generating, 35‑7 binary, 59‑8 -tail test, 6‑15
self-generating (fig), 35‑7 structure, 59‑9 -way shear, 42‑2
system, characteristics, 35‑7 Trench, 21‑1 -way slab, 40‑1, 40‑3
Transduction, 35‑7 sheet, 21‑3 Type
electromagnetic, 35‑7 shield, 58‑2 A soil, 58‑1
photoelectric, 35‑7 shoring, 21‑1 B soil, 58‑1
photovoltaic, 35‑7 Trenching safety, 58‑1, 58‑2 C soil, 58‑1
piezoelectric, 35‑7 Triad, Cartesian, 3‑11 of crane (tbl), 57‑6
Transfer Trial probability, 6‑3 of retaining wall structure, 20‑1
axis theorem, 4‑9, 25‑15, 29‑2 Triangle, 2‑1, 2‑12 of scraper (tbl), 57‑4
efficiency, 14‑4 90°, 2‑12 strong data, 59‑4
of force, column base, 42‑1, 42‑3 general, 2‑15 Types
unit, 14‑18 law of sines, 2‑15 of beam cross sections, 38‑2
Transform, 5‑6 right, 2‑12 of steel beams, 43‑1
Fourier, 5‑6 similar, 2‑12 of structural steel, 37‑1, 37‑6
Fourier (tbl), 5‑7 special, 2‑1, 2‑12 Typical section, 51‑2
inverse, 5‑6 USDA, 52‑2
Laplace, 5‑8 Triangular U
Laplace (tbl), 5‑9 area, 25‑4 Ultimate
Laplace, inverse, 5‑9 area, area moment of inertia for right, bearing capacity, 19‑4
pair, 5‑6 25‑4 consolidation settlement, 18‑21
Transformation method, 33‑13 matrix, 3‑7 strain, 18‑21
Transit, 49‑4, 49‑5 Triangulation, 49‑2 strength, 35‑11, 35‑12, 37‑9
rule, 49‑8 station, 49‑3 strength design, 43‑2
Transition Triaxial loading, 31‑1, 31‑5 strength design method, 35‑12
ductile-brittle, 35‑1, 35‑17 Trickling filter, 15‑4, 16‑7 tensile strength, 37‑7
spiral, length, 50‑5 Tridymite, 36‑10 Ultrafilter, 14‑10
temperature, 35‑17 Trigonometric Ultrafiltration, 14‑10
temperature, ductility, 35‑17 form, complex number, 3‑2 Ultrahigh-strength steel, 36‑2
temperature, fracture appearance function, 2‑12, 2‑13 Ultraviolet or visible light resistance, 36‑8
(FATT), 35‑17 identities, double-angle, 2‑14 Unbalanced force, 22‑1
temperature, glass, 36‑9 identities, half-angle, 2‑15 Unbiased estimator, 6‑6
temperature, plastic fracture (FTP), identities, miscellaneous, 2‑15 Unbraced column, 39‑6
35‑17 identities, two-angle, 2‑14 Uncertainty
Translating axis, 27‑8 Trihalomethanes, 13‑8 analysis, 60‑13
Transmembrane Trilateration, 49‑2 measurement, 6‑18
INDEX - T
hydraulic pressure, 14‑20 Trip Unconfined

pressure, 14‑11 distribution, 48‑3 aquifer, 12‑1
pressure difference, 14‑20 generation, 48‑2 compressive strength, 18‑24
Transmissivity, 12‑3 Triple point, 36‑20 compressive strength test, 18‑1, 18‑24
coefficient of, 12‑3 Trolley, crane, 58‑7 Underdamped system, 5‑3
Transport Truck, 57‑3 Underdamping system, 5‑3
coefficient, salt, 14‑19 factor, 52‑16 Underground water, 12‑1
loss, 51‑7 production capability, 57‑4 Undersaturated condition, 48‑10
rate, 14‑19 True Undetermined
Transportation color, in water, 13‑6 coefficients, 5‑4
facilities technology, 48‑1, 48‑3 meridian, 49‑6 coefficients, method of, 5‑4
planning, 48‑2 strain, 35‑10 Undrained
Transpose matrix, 3‑6 stress, 35‑10 case, soil, 18‑24
value, 6‑16 shear strength, 18‑24
Uniaxial loading, 31‑1, 31‑4
Unified CT, 14‑15 point of application, 3‑11

Numbering System, 36‑2 expected, 6‑11, 6‑12 position, 22‑3
soil classification, 18‑1, 18‑8 expected, continuous variable, 6‑12 product, 3‑13
strength design method, 37‑2 expected, sum of random variables, quantities, circular motion, 27‑8
Uniform 6‑15 quantity, 27‑8
annual cost, equivalent, 60‑10 future, 60‑4 resultant, 3‑12
examination, 63‑1, 63‑2 Hveem’s resistance, 52‑2 sense, 3‑11
flow, 11‑7 initial, 5‑1 subtraction, 3‑12
gradient equivalence, 60‑6 initial, problem, 5‑1 terminal point, 3‑11
gradient factor, 60‑6 instantaneous, 27‑3 unit, 3‑11, 22‑1
gradient future worth factor, 60‑6 irreducible, 48‑2 Vehicle
gradient present worth factor, 60‑6 log removal, 14‑8 density, 48‑5, 48‑6
gradient uniform series factor, 60‑7 present, 60‑4 factor, heavy, 48‑5
series (tbl), 60‑3 R-, 52‑2 impact modeling, 53‑4
series cash flow, 60‑2 root-mean-square, 6‑7 size, 60‑17
series compound amount factor, 60‑5 time, 60‑3 volume, 48‑6
series equivalence, 60‑4 van’t Velocity, 27‑2, 27‑7
series present worth factor, 60‑5 Hoff factor, 14‑19 after impact, 30‑9
slender rods, properties of, 29‑2 Hoff factor (ftn), 14‑19 angular, 29‑7
Uniformity coefficient, Hazen, 18‑4 Variable approach, 14‑9
Unintentional breach, 61‑5 angular acceleration, 27‑5 Cartesian, 27‑3
Uninterrupted flow, 48‑3 continuous, standard deviation, 6‑12 coefficient of, 9‑3
Union of two sets, 6‑1 cost, 54‑4 critical, 14‑4
Unit, 49‑1, 49‑3 discrete random, 6‑10 discharge, 18‑15
base, 1‑4 discrete, expected value, 6‑11 empty bed approach, 14‑9
base, SI, 1‑4 discrete, variance, 6‑12 equivalent, 12‑2
circle, 2‑11, 2‑12 global, 59‑4 face, 14‑9
derived, 1‑4 linear, 27‑1, 27‑9 flow-through, 14‑4
discharge, 11‑8 loading failure theories, 31‑1, 31‑10 gradient, 7‑5
hydrograph, 10‑1, 10‑4 local, 59‑4 head, 11‑11
load method, 26‑1, 26‑4, 26‑5 matrix, 3‑10 instantaneous, 27‑1
nephelometric turbidity, 13‑7 random, discrete, 6‑11 mixing, 14‑6
normal distribution (tbl), 6‑26 random, expected value of sum, 6‑15 of approach, 9‑1
normal table, 6‑14, 6‑26 random, sum of, 6‑15 paddle, 14‑6
price, 61‑3 rotational, 27‑1, 27‑9 peripheral, 14‑6
rotation, 26‑3 sensitivity, 60‑13 rebound, 30‑8
supplementary, 1‑4 -slope method, 10‑3 scouring, 15‑4
transfer, 14‑18 standard normal, 6‑14 settling, 14‑4, 14‑5
vector, 3‑11, 22‑1 variance of a continuous, 6‑12 superficial, 14‑9
vector form (position), 27‑2 Variance, 6‑9, 60‑17 tangential, 27‑7, 27‑9
vector, Cartesian, 3‑11 account, 60‑17 tip, 14‑6
weight, 1‑3, 7‑2, 18‑12 burden, 60‑17 Vena contracta, 9‑3
weight (see also type), 18‑12 burden budget, 60‑17 Venn diagram, 6‑1
weight of solids, 18‑13 burden capacity, 60‑17 Venturi
weight, bulk, 18‑12 continuous variable, 6‑12 meter, 9‑2
weight, buoyant, 18‑13 discrete variable, 6‑12 scrubber (tbl), 17‑6
weight, concrete, 36‑11 labor, 60‑17 Vertex
weight, dry, 18‑12 material, 60‑17 angle, 2‑11
weight, effective, 20‑3 normal distribution, confidence parabola, 2‑6
weight, moist, 18‑12 interval for, 6‑20 Vertical
weight, saturated, 18‑12 population, 6‑9 angle, 2‑12
weight, submerged, 18‑12 sample, 6‑9 curve, 50‑6
weight, total, 18‑12 sum of independent random variables, curve clearance, 50‑12
weight, wet, 18‑12 6‑16 curve equation, 50‑8
Units, 1‑1 Variation, 49‑6 curve length, 50‑12
consistent system of, 1‑2 coefficient, 6‑10 curve stopping sight distance, 50‑6
steel, 37‑1, 37‑6 in water demand, 14‑2 curve, crest, 50‑6
Universal sample coefficient of, 6‑10 curve, point of, 50‑7
set, 6‑1 Vaulting, 53‑3 curve, symmetrical parabolic (fig), 50‑7
transverse mercator, 49‑1 Vector, 3‑11, 22‑3 intersection, point of, 50‑7
UNS, 36‑2 addition, 3‑12 seepage exit gradient, 18‑18
alloy designations (tbl), 36‑2 angular orientation, 3‑11 soil pressure, 20‑3
Unsupported length, steel beam, 43‑4 Cartesian unit, 3‑11 soil strain, 18‑21
Unwatering, 57‑10 components, 3‑11 tangency, point of, 50‑7
Upflow tank, 14‑8 cross product, 3‑13 Vessel
Upheaving, pavement, 52‑7 cross product identities, 3‑14 pressure, 32‑3
Upper confidence limit, 6‑18 del operator, 4‑10 pressure, thick-walled, 32‑1, 32‑3, 32‑4
Urban dot product, 3‑13 VFA, 52‑9
INDEX - U
area, 48‑3 field, curl, 4‑11 VHC (ftn), 36‑13

street, 48‑3 field, divergence, 4‑10 Vibratory
USDA triangle, 52‑2 form, 22‑1 plate, 57‑5
Utility, 48‑3 form (position), 27‑2 plate (tbl), 57‑4
Utilization factor, 48‑10 form, two-dimensional force, 22‑1 plate, production capability, 57‑5
gradient, field, 4‑10 Vickers test, 35‑19, 36‑22
V identities, 3‑1, 3‑13 View, plan, 56‑1
Vacuum, 7‑4 identity, 4‑11 Viewer takeoff, 54‑2
dewatering, 57‑11 imaginary unit, 3‑2 Viewing distance, traffic sign, 53‑6
permittivity of, 35‑3 moment, 22‑3 Vinyl polymer, 36‑7
Vadose zone, 12‑1 null, 3‑14 Virgin
Valence band, 35‑6 orthogonal, 3‑14 compression line, 18‑18
Value parallel, 3‑13 consolidation line, 18‑18
true, 6‑16 parallel unit, dot product, 3‑14 curve, 18‑20
chart, Boussinesq influence, 19‑3 perpendicular, 3‑14 Virtual work method, 26‑4
I N D E X I-37
I-37
Viruses (tbl), 14‑9 concrete, vii, 36‑25, 41‑1 drawdown in aquifers, 12‑4
Viruses (tbl), 14‑15 counterfort, 20‑1 -graded soil, 18‑4
Viscometer, sliding plate, 7‑4 footing, 19‑2, 42‑1, 42‑2 gravel pack, 12‑3
Viscosity, 7‑4 gravity, 20‑1 gravity, 12‑1, 12‑3
absolute, 7‑5 load-carrying, 41‑1 monitor, 12‑3
absolute dynamic, 7‑5 nonbearing, 41‑1 penetrating, 57‑11
bulk, 14‑7 retaining, cantilever, 20‑1, 21‑3 relief, 12‑3
grading, 52‑4 retaining, effective stress in, 20‑1, 20‑2 screen, 12‑3
kinematic, 7‑5 semi-gravity, 20‑1 specific capacity, 12‑4
Newton’s law of, 7‑5 shear, 41‑2 Wellpoint, 57‑11
Visible light resistance, ultraviolet or, 36‑8 Warping constant, 43‑4 West declination, 49‑6
Vision WAS, 16‑2 Wet
20/20, 53‑6 Wash-out, toe, 21‑3 deposition, 17‑3
axis, 53‑6 Washboarding, pavement, 52‑7 unit weight, 18‑12
peripheral, 53‑6 Washout Wetted perimeter, 11‑4
Visit site, 54‑2 sludge, 16‑7 Wheel, rolling, 29‑7
Visual solids, 16‑7 Whistle-blowing, 62‑7
acuity, 53‑6 Waste White cast iron, 36‑4
acuity, center cone, 53‑6 -activated sludge, 16‑2 Wide-beam shear, 42‑2
axis, eye, 53‑6 PCB, 17‑4 Width
Vitrification, 36‑9 Wastewater effective, 38‑6
VMA, 52‑9 municipal (tbl), 16‑3 effective flange, 38‑6
Void treatment plant, 15‑1 net, 45‑2
ratio, 18‑10, 18‑11 Wasting sludge, 16‑6 Willful breach, 61‑5
volume of, 18‑10 Water Wire rope, hoisting, 58‑7
Voids -air ratio, 14‑18 Within letter space, 53‑6
filled with asphalt, 52‑9 balance equation, 10‑1 Wood, 36‑9
in mineral asphalt, 52‑9 budget equation, 10‑1 moisture content, 36‑9
total air, 52‑9 -cement ratio, 37‑3, 52‑4 content, Work, 30‑1
Volatile 18‑11 contributory, 57‑10
dissolved solids, 13‑7 demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 direct, 57‑10
solids, 13‑7, 16‑3, 16‑5 flux, 14‑20 effective, 57‑10
suspended solids, 13‑7 flux, membrane, 14‑20 hardness, -energy principle, 30‑6
Volcanic glass, 18‑2 13‑3, 13‑4 function, 35‑7
Volition, 53‑5 hardness ions, 13‑4 hardening, 36‑21
Voltaic cell, 36‑14 in concrete, 36‑10 ineffective, 57‑10
Volume property of (SI units) (tbl), 7‑3 internal, 31‑5
centroid of, 25‑3 property of (U.S. units) (tbl), 7‑3 method, virtual, 26‑4
cone, 51‑3 softening, 14‑13 nonproductive, 57‑10
control, 11‑10 subsurface, 12‑1 obstructive, 57‑10
index, sludge, 16‑4 supply demand, 14‑1, 14‑2 table, productive, 57‑10
of voids, 18‑10 soil, 20‑3 shaft, 11‑3
paraboloid of revolution, 2‑22 treatment, 14‑6 support, 57‑10
pile, 51‑1, 51‑3 treatment chemical application points, zone, 53‑7
prismoid, 2‑20 14‑3 zone safety, 53‑1, 53‑7
pyramid, 51‑3 triple point, 36‑20 Workability
right circular cone, 2‑21 underground, 12‑1 concrete, 36‑11, 37‑3
right circular cylinder, 2‑22 Watershed of materials, 18‑3
sludge, 16‑7 detention, 10‑6 pavement, 52‑6
specific, 7‑1 retention, 10‑6 Working
sphere, 2‑21 Watery mixture, 36‑11 arm, 58‑7
tank, 16‑7 Watt, 1‑6 cold, 36‑21
vehicles, 48‑6 Waveform period, 5‑5 hot, 36‑21
Volumetric Weak material, 35‑8 level, 17‑4
flow rate, 11‑2 Weakened base, pole, 53‑3 range diagram, 57‑6
heat capacity, 35‑7 Web, structural steel, 25‑15 stress design, 37‑8
heat capacity (ftn), 36‑13 Weber number, 9‑6 stress design method, 35‑12
loading, 16‑5 Wedge, 20‑6 Worth
Voluntary agreement, 61‑1 pile (fig), 51‑3 future, 60‑4
von Mises, stress, 31‑9 Weight, 1‑1, 1‑3, 25‑3, 28‑1, 28‑3 present, 60‑4
Vorticity, 4‑11 density, 1‑3 Wrap angle, 24‑3
Vulcanization, 36‑6 density (see Unit weight), 18‑13 Wrought iron, 36‑5
of natural rubber (fig), 36‑7 density, concrete, 36‑11
equivalent, 13‑1 X
W phase, 36‑18 x-intercept, 2‑1
W solids specific, 18‑13
-beam guardrail, 53‑3 specific, 1‑1, 1‑3, 7‑2 Y
-shapes dimensions and properties specific, concrete, 36‑11 y-intercept, 2‑1
(tbl), 43‑7 unit, 7‑2, 18‑12 Yard
shapes, AISC table, 43‑8 unit, concrete, 36‑11 bank cubic, 51‑1
shapes, available moment vs unbraced unit, of the solids, 18‑13 compacted cubic, 51‑1
length (tbl), 43‑8 -volume relationship, 52‑1, 52‑7 cubic, 51‑1
shapes, available strength in axial Weighted loose cubic, 51‑1
compression, kips (tbl), 43‑8 arithmetic mean, 6‑6 quarter, 51‑7
Waffle slab, 40‑3 average, 6‑6 -station, unit, 51‑6
Waiting mean, 6‑6 Year-end convention, 60‑1, 60‑3
line, 48‑9 Weir Yellow
time, 48‑9 loading, 14‑4 interval, 48‑8
Wall overflow rate, 14‑4 interval, traffic signal, 48‑8
INDEX - Y
active forces on retaining, 20‑5 Welded member, effective area, 45‑3 Yield
bearing, 41‑1 Well, 12‑1, 12‑3 coefficient, 16‑5
buttress, 20‑1 artesian, 12‑1 financial, 60‑8
cantilever, 21‑3 deep, 57‑11 point, 35‑11
strength, 35‑11
strength in shear, 31‑10
strength, nonferrous metal (fig), 35‑11
stress, 35‑11, 37‑7
Young’s
modulus, 31‑2, 35‑10
modulus, composite material, 36‑13
modulus, concrete, 36‑12, 37‑5
Yuba Power, Greenman v. (ftn), 61‑6
Z
Zero
-force member, 23‑2
-voids density, 18‑13
Zone, 48‑3
mass transfer, 14‑13
of influence, 19‑1, 19‑3
of sorption, depth, 14‑12
peripheral, 53‑6
work, 53‑7
Zone (see also type)
active, 20‑5
phreatic, 12‑1
vadose, 12‑1
Zoned survey, 49‑1
Zx beam selection table, 43‑4
INDEX - Y

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INDEX - A

1% flood, 10‑2 equation, basic, 60‑14 Adjugate, 3‑9

Algae economic, engineering, 60‑1 Annum, rate per, 60‑8

Algicide, 14‑3 of braced excavations, 21‑1, 21‑3 Antiderivative, 4‑7

surface, grain-boundary, 36‑24 Available Bar

pressure, safe, 19‑4 Body Bronze, 36‑5

Capability iron, gray, 36‑4 in moment magnitude, 33‑2

Circuit Coarse Collar screw, 24‑4

Circular screen, wastewater, 15‑3 diagram, 53‑1

Compensatory average, microorganisms in aeration Conic

manager, 55‑1, 61‑3 Copper, 35‑3, 36‑5 Crash

time, 54‑2 Copperas, 14‑5 (RMEV), 53‑2

yard, compacted, 51‑1 braced, 21‑1 Deflection, 33‑7

Design Diagonal leveling (fig), 49‑5

criteria, 37‑3, 38‑3 nominal interaction, 39‑4 Disbenefit, 60‑12

method, moment, 26‑3 Driver Economic

Electromagnetic transduction, 35‑7 potential, elastic, 30‑5 of conditions, 26‑1

measurement, 49‑1, 49‑4 structural, 63‑1 Thiem, 12‑5

Euler External Factor (see also type)

Ferroelectric, 36‑10 -stage reactor volume, 16‑10 Floor

equation, 11‑2 element, 48‑3

Footing Fourier’s theorem, 5‑5 reciprocal, 2‑13

transition temperature, 36‑9 margin, 60‑16 Hauling

critical hydraulic, 18‑17 Gyration, 29‑2 Hearing, 53‑7

Homogeneous I Indenter, brale, 35‑19

Influence point of, 50‑3 K-value method, 50‑9

Instructions, machine language, 59‑3 Iron variance, 60‑17

conservation of energy, direct (fig), 49‑5 horizontal control, 50‑6

Logarithm, 3‑1 open, 8‑2 order, 3‑5

Means property of (tbl), 35‑4 Milliequivalent

Modulus fluid, 11‑10 Natural

coupling, 22‑4 Muller, 36‑8 Nitrification /denitrification process, 15‑6

Noncarbonate Numbering System, Unified, 36‑2 Osmosis, reverse, 14‑15, 14‑19

Paraboloid minimum thickness, 52‑18 soil, 18‑15

Parts of the line, 58‑7 Perimeter time, 50‑9

Pitot of curve, 50‑2 Portland

filter, 14‑10 law of joint, 6‑4 Project

accounting, 60‑13 Professional advantage, 24‑1

Region Resistance, 35‑5 Risk, 60‑13

log, 14‑8 Rigging, 57‑9 about an arbitrary fixed axis, 29‑9

of 90, 52‑5 Schist, 18‑2 extrinsic, impurity energy levels (tbl),

Shaft, 32‑5 Shot peening, 35‑15 Slab

trench, 21‑3 fund factor, 60‑5 Smog, 17‑3

Sorption zone, depth, 14‑12, 14‑13 Spray tower, 14‑16 Standards

sales, cost of (ftn), 60‑14 structural, 36‑2, 37‑6 creep, 35‑18

Stripping Superior performing asphalt pavement, Synthetic

Sulfuric acid, 17‑3 annotation, 59‑2 volume, 16‑7

Telenomer, 36‑6 Proctor, 18‑1, 18‑14 Threaded list, 59‑9

endurance, 35‑15 Thickness pressure, 20‑2

Tower Transverse Truss, 23‑1

hydraulic pressure, 14‑20 Trip Unconfined

Unified CT, 14‑15 point of application, 3‑11

area, 48‑3 field, curl, 4‑11 VHC (ftn), 36‑13

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