STUDY ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISE BUILDING

1
VIKNESHVARAN, 2A.AMINNUDIN, 3HASHIM U.ALYAA, 4WAZIRALILAH N. FATHIAH,
5
SHUKOR D. SHAKIRAH, 6A.AFHAM
1, 2,3,4,5,6
Intelligent Dynamic System, MJIIT, UTM Malaysia
Email: 1viknesh_94@yahoo.com.com, 2aminudin.kl@utm.my,3realualy@gmail.com, 4tiah14@gmail.com,
5
shakirahshukor@gmail.com, 6zulhusmiafham@gmail.com.

Abstract - This paper presents the numerical study conducted on a structure of three floor height building structure. Most
vibrations are undesirable and can cause damages to the buildings, machines and people all around us. The vibration wave
from earthquakes, construction and winds have high potential to bring damage to the buildings. Excessive vibrations can
result in structural and machinery failures. This failure is related to the human life and environment around it. The effect of
vibration which causes failure and damage to the high rise buildings can be studied through the numerical analysis. This
research aims to study the numerical analysis of high rise building through the simulation using MATLAB R2015a. A
lumped mass model of three degrees of freedom (3DOF) is designed using MATLAB R2015a to identify the displacement,
acceleration and mode shape of the 3DOF during vibration. The model designed is the physical representation of actual
building structure in real life.The considered factors are the mass of the building and the stiffness of the structures scale
which will be used for the simulation. Thus, the result obtained will be comparable with the real life effect. Based on the
result from simulation study, by applying the forces of vibration on the building model the displacement, acceleration and
mode shape can be analyzed. The result obtained can be used in future for further analysis during the experiment analysis.

Keywords - Degrees-Of-Freedom, Displacement, Acceleration, Mode Shape.

I. INTRODUCTION to overcome the serviceability requirements.

Vibration is something that is related with
the oscillatory motions of bodies and the forces
associated with them [1]. Vibration is usually
undesirable in machines and structures which produce
stresses, unwanted noise and failure to the
components due to looseness in connections or
fatigue. Vibration also gives effect to the structure of
buildings. When a structure experiences mechanical
vibration at its natural frequency, spawned by wind
loads or earthquake, resonance occurs. The high
amplitude of vibration caused by resonance may be
destructive or simply unpleasant to the users. To
account for damage caused by structural vibrations,
the structure will require maintenance or
reconstruction.
Advances in designing new structural
systems, combination of usage new materials, and
increase in developments of design methods and
computational software, have made possible the
construction of extremely tall buildings in this era.
However, the increasing in height of the high-rise
building structure is a great challenge for the
engineers and researchers in this field. Although there
are many difficult technical problems in design, the
most critical issues are definitely the effects of wind
and earthquakes on these structures.
Safety and serviceability are two important
criteria that must be considered when designing the
buildings. The high rise buildings become more
slender and flexible as their height increase. In that
case, the building which is constructed will be very
sensitive to wind excitations resulting in
serviceability issue. In most cases, the inherent
damping for a high rise building itself is insufficient
Furthermore, the remote earthquakes has been proved
that it has the strength to generate base shears up to a
magnitude comparable to the notional horizontal
load, which is sometimes even larger than the wind
loading [2]. In particular, tall buildings will be very
sensitive to dynamic excitations by long-period
earthquakes [3].
That is why vibration analysis approach is
very important in reducing the failure and damage of
structures. With this approach, the lump parameter is
converted into an equivalent multi degree of freedom.
The simplest degree of freedom is the single degree
of freedom for linear system which can be generated
from the second-order ordinary differential equation
of motion. This would be first step before developing
the equation of natural frequency and also the
displacement mode from the mode shape of
buildings. This will then results in developing the
value for mean displacements, velocity and
acceleration [1]. The increase in the number of degree
of freedom will make the derivation of differential
equation of motion more complex. Thus
understanding the degree of freedom will help in
vibration analysis for buildings development.
When height of the building increases, it is
important to ensure the adequate value of stiffness to
resist lateral forces induced by wind, or earthquakes.
It is well known that high-rise structures will
experience along-wind vibration and across-wind
vibration, as well as a torsional response. The former
is due to the buffeting induced by fluctuations in the
wind velocity and the across-wind force, and the
responses are mainly governed by vortex shedding.
For slender structures, the across-wind vibration is

Proceedings of Academicsera 3rd International Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13th-14th March 2017, ISBN: 978-93-86083-34-0
15
 Study On Numerical Analysis Of High Rise Building
usually more severe than the along-wind vibration
[5].
1.1 Scope of Study
Simulation study is one important method in this
research. The objective of the simulation study is to
determine the displacement, acceleration and mode
shape for the building structure. The research can be
helpful for the lecturers to teach mechanical vibration
especially on the degree of freedom systems through
teaching aids for better understanding and visualizing
using this three storey building structure model.
MATLAB R2015a software is the software that
is utilized in simulation study. Using MATLAB
R2015a software, coding is generated to calculate the
natural frequency and modes shape for building
structures. The derivation of equation of motion is the
formula used in MATLAB coding to determine the
result for the multi-storey of building.
Furthermore, displacement, acceleration and
mode shape of the building are influenced by three
factors which are the mass of the building, the
stiffness of the structure and the damping coefficient
of the building. For this study, the considered factors
are the mass of the building and the stiffness of the
structures. Therefore, the MATLAB coding can be
used to calculate the result with various mass and
stiffness of the structures.
Start
Input Degree of freedom
Input mass floor, stiffness
structures and excitation
Calculate the displacement,
acceleration and mode shape
Show the displacement,
acceleration and mode shape
End
Figure 1. Flowchart of study
1.2. Theory
1.2.1. Single Degree of Freedom System
Single degree of freedom system can be
described as a lumped mass, , supported by a
Proceedings of Academicsera 3rd International Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13th-14th March 2017, ISBN: 978-93-86083-34-0
16
massless column with certain stiffness, .Definition
of single degree of freedom can be defined as the
mass assumed to be rigid, the spring and the damper
assumed to have no mass and the mass is only
considered to be able to move in one direction along
the length of the spring [9].
The equation of motion for free vibration
can be expressed as [10]:
̈+ ̇+ = 0(1)
In free vibration, the structure will vibrate at its
natural frequency . The natural frequency can be
explained as the number vibration cycles per time
unit where usually measured in radian per second.
For single degree of freedom, the natural
frequencycan be calculated by:
= (2)
The natural period of the structure can be described
as the time taken for the structure to complete one
cycle of vibration. The formula for the natural period
is:
= (3)
The system can be disturbed from static state by
applying external force or load. This will force the
system to vibrate. In this condition, the equation of
motion that can be used is:
̈+ ̇+ = (4)
The examples of external force that is used to force
the system to vibrate are seismic force, wind load and
others [9, 10].
1.2.2. Multi Degree of Freedom System
In multi degree of freedom system, the equation of
motion for a free vibration can be expressed as [6,9]:
[ ]{ ̈ } + [ ]{ ̇ } + [ ]{ } = 0 (5)
Besides that, the equation of motion for forced
vibration can be expressed as:
[ ]{ ̈ } + [ ]{ ̇ } + [ ]{ } = (6)
This system will produce various deflection shapes
where each shape that is deflected is called as mode
shape. The number of mode shape is equal to the
number of the system’s degree of freedom.
II. DETAILS EXPERIMENTAL
2.1. Materials and Procedures
For this research, the MATLAB coding is
generated based on the flowchart above. Firstly, the
coding asks for the degree of freedom. The degree of
freedom depends on the number of storey building
that need to be analyzed. Increasing number of storey
will increase the number of degree of freedom. Then,
the coding asks for the mass of the building and the
stiffness of structures depending on the degree of
freedom. Mass of the building and stiffness of
structures are used to calculate the displacement,
 Study On Numerical Analysis Of High Rise Building

acceleration and mode shape of the building. The

0.04
result will be shown after the calculation is done.
The MATLAB coding is developed to find 0.03
the simulation study result for this research. Below is
the MATLAB coding that is being used in this 0.02

Displacement [m]
research. 0.01

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 0

-0.01
3.1. Result of Simulation
A determination of simulation study is very -0.02
important. This simulation study will lead to the
findings of displacement and acceleration of the -0.03
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
threestorey building model. It is difficult to calculate Time [s]
the natural frequency of any vibrational system which Figure 4.Displacement analysis of 3rd storey
consists of more than one degree of freedom or one
mass. Higher degree of freedom will introduce higher Based on the displacement analysis of each
number of equation of motion which means the storey building the maximum displacement of the
calculation and derivation to find the natural building can be measured. The 3rdstorey building
frequency will be longer and more difficult to be shows the maximum displacement. The 1ststorey has
solved analytically. Therefore, the simulation study the lowest displacement.
can help to determine the natural frequency by using
MATLAB software. The result from the simulation The next result is on the acceleration
study is very important before further analysis can be analysis from the simulation. The result below show
done in the experimental study. The result below the acceleration analysis for each storey of building
show the displacement analysis for each storey of the during simulation.
building during simulation 6

0.015
4

2
Acceleration [m/s ]

0.01
2

0
Displacement [m]

0.005
-2

0 -4

-6
-0.005
-8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-0.01 Time [s]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Figure 5.Acceleration analysis of 1st storey
Time [s]
Figure 2.Displacement analysis of 1st storey 10

0.025

0.02
5
Acceleration [m/s2]

0.015
Displacement [m]

0.01
0
0.005

0
-5
-0.005

-0.01

-0.015 -10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-0.02 Time [s]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Figure 6.Acceleration analysis of 2ndstorey
Time [s]
Figure 3.Displacement analysis of 2nd storey

Proceedings of Academicsera 3rd International Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13th-14th March 2017, ISBN: 978-93-86083-34-0
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15
10
Acceleration [m/s2]
-5
-10
-15
0 10 20
Time [s]
Figure 7.Acceleration analysis of 3rd storey
Based on the acceleration analysis of each storey
building the maximum acceleration of the building
can be measured. The 3rdstorey building had shown
the maximum acceleration. The 1ststorey has the
lowest acceleration.
3.2. The Mode Shape of the Simulation
Figure 8 shows the mode shape of the lumped
massthat is generated from MATLAB R2015a. For
the three storey building model, three mode shapes
are produced. The mode shape 1 all floors move to
the right.
Figure 8.Mode shape 1
Figure 9 shows the mode shape 2 of the lumped mass
that is generated from MATLAB R2015a. From this
figure, all the floors move to the right but in a straight
line vertically.
Figure 9.Mode shape 2
Proceedings of Academicsera 3rd International Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13th-14th March 2017, ISBN: 978-93-86083-34-0
Study On Numerical Analysis Of High Rise Building
In Figure 10 the mode shape 3that is generated from
MATLAB R2015a is shown. For the mode shape 3,
the floor 2 and floor 3 move in same direction to the
left and the floor 1 move to the right.
30 40 50 60
Figure 10.Mode shape 2
CONCLUSIONS
In this research, the simulation study has been done to
study the displacement, acceleration and mode shape
for the building structure based on the random
exitation. The objective of the simulation study to
obtain the result of the displacement, acceleration and
mode shape for the three degree of freedom building
has been achieved. The results show that in
simulation study, that are conducted which the
masses of the floor and stiffness are variable. Thus
the result obtains shows that the third floor has the
highest displacement and highest acceleration. The
mode shape obtained also has been analyzes to know
the movement of each floor during vibration.
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