°10 <= Underwater illusion. One clue used by your brain to determine the direction of a source of sound is the time delay Ar between the arrival of the sound at the ear closer to the source and the arrival at the farther ear. Assume that the source is distant so that a wavefront from it is approx- imately planar when it reaches you, ‘Figure 17-31 Problem 10. and let D represent the separation between your ears. (a) If the source is located at angle @in front of you (Fig. 17-31), what is Ar in terms of D and the speed of sound v in air? (b) If you are submerged in water and the sound source is di- rectly to your right, what is At in terms of D and the speed of sound v, in water? (c) Based on the time-delay clue, your brain interprets the submerged sound to arrive at an angle @ from the forward direc- tion. Evaluate @ for fresh water at 20°C. “5 ssm tlw Earthquakes generate sound waves inside Earth. Unlike a gas, Earth can experience both transverse ($) and longitu- dinal (P) sound waves. Typically, the speed of $ waves is about 4.5 km/s, and that of P waves 8.0 km/s A seismograph records Pand S waves from an earthquake. The first P waves arrive 3.0 min before the first S waves. If the waves travel in a straight line, how far awav did the earthanake accnr? 015 © <== A handclap on stage in an amphitheater sends out sound waves that scatter from terraces of width w = 0.75 m 108 A source § and a detector D of radio waves are a distance d apart on level ground (Fig. 17-52). Radio waves of wavelength A reach D either along a straight path or by reflecting (bouncing) from a certain layer in the atmosphere, When the layer is at height H, the two waves reaching D are exactly in phase. If the layer grad- ually rises, the phase difference between the two waves gradually shifts, until they are exactly out of phase when the layer is at height H + h. Express Ain terms of d,h,and H. a |<—— d/2 ——>\=—— 4/2 —>| Figure 17-52 Problem 108.686. Sobre un recipiente cilindrico de 1 m de altura suena un diapasén que tiene una frecuencia propia de oscilacién y= 340 Hz. El recipients se Iena lentamente del agua. {En qué posicienes, del nivel del agua en el recipiente el sonido del ‘dlapasén aumenta considera- blemente? 687,. :Qué forma tiene el frente de onda de choque que surge en el aire, en consecuencia del movimiento de una bala con velocidad superior a la velocidad del sonido? 688. Un avién de retropropulsién a chorro vuela con velo- +69 “sSm aE A jet plane passes over you at a height of 5000 m and a speed of Mach 1.5. (a) Find the Mach cone angle (the sound speed is 331 m/s). (b) How long after the jet passes directly over- 6& head does the shock wave reach you? tran, por ejemplo, a una altura m4s.o menos igual enton- 13.18. The intensity of a sound increases 1,000 times. (1) By how many decibels does the sound pressure level increase? (2) How many times does the sound pressure amplitude increase? 6 13.26. Two trains are traveling towards each other at speeds of 72 km/h and 54 km/h, respectively. The first train whistles emitting a sound with a frequency of 600 Hz. Find the frequency of the sound oscillations which can be heard by a passenger in the second train: € (1) before the trains meet, (2) after the trains meet. The velocity of sound is 340 m/s. Ja duracién de impulso es + = 0,8 ps. Hallar el alcance maximo y minimo de deteccién, donde se encuentra el objetivo detectado por este radar.