CHUYEN E: S DUNG CONG THC DIEN TCH E THIET

LAP QUAN HE O DAI CUA CAC OAN THANG

A. Mot so kien thc:

1. Cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac:
1
S = 2 a.h (a o dai mot canh, h o dai ng cao tng ng)
2. Mot so tnh chat:
Hai tam giac co chung mot canh, co cung o dai ng cao th co cung dien tch
Hai tam giac bang nhau th co cung dien tch
B. Mot so bai toan:
1. Bai 1: Cho ABC co AC = 6cm; AB = 4 cm; cac ng cao AH; BK; CI. Biet
CI + BK
AH = 2

K
I

B H C

Tnh BC
Giai
2SABC 2SABC
Ta co: BK = AC ; CI = AB
1 1

BK + CI = 2. SABC AC AB

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 1 1 1 1 1

2AH = 2. 2 . BC. AH . AC AB BC. AC AB = 2

1 1 1 1

BC = 2 : AC AB = 2 : 6 4 = 4,8 cm
Bai 2:
Cho ABC co o dai cac canh la a, b, c; o dai cac ng cao tng ng la h a,
hb, hc. Biet rang a + ha = b + hb = c + hc . Chng minh rang ABC la tam giac
eu
Giai
Goi SABC = S
2S 2S 1 1 a-b
- 2S. - 2S.
Ta xet a + ha = b + hb a b = ha hb = b a b a ab

a-b 2S
2S. 1 -
ab= ab (a b) ab = 0

ABC can C hoac vuong C (1)

Tng t ta co: ABC can A hoac vuong A (2); ABC can B hoac vuong
B (3)
T (1), (2) va (3) suy ra ABC can hoac vuong ba nh (Khong xay ra vuong
tai ba nh) ABC la tam giac eu
Bai 3:
Cho iem O nam trong tam giac ABC, cac tia AO, BO, Co cat cac canh cua tam
giac ABC theo th t tai A, B, C. Chng minh rang:
OA' OB' OC' OA OB OC
1 2
a) AA' BB' CC' b) AA' BB' CC'
OA OB OC
6
c) M = OA' OB' OC' . Tm v tr cua O e tong M co gia tr nho nhat

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 A

B'
C'
O

B A' C

OA OB OC
. . 8
d) N = OA' OB' OC' . Tm v tr cua O e tch N co gia tr nho nhat
Giai
Goi SABC = S, S1 = SBOC , S2 = SCOA , S3 = SAOB . Ta co:
OA S2 S3 S S3
= = 2
OA' SOA'C SOA'B S1
(1)
OA' SOA'C S S SOA'B S1
= = OA'B OA'C
SAA'B SAA'C SAA'B S
AA' SAA'C
(2)
OA S S
2 3
T (1) va (2) suy ra AA' S

OB S S OC S S OB' S2 OC' S
1 3 1 2 3
Tng t ta co OB' S2
; OC' S3
; BB' S ; CC' S

OA' OB' OC' S1 S2 S3 S

1
a) AA' BB' CC' S S S S
OA OB OC S2 S3 S1 S3 S1 S2 2S
2
b) AA' BB' CC' S S S S

OA OB OC S2 S3 S1 S3 S1 S2 S1 S2 S3 S2 S1 S3

c) M = OA' OB' OC' S1 S2 S3 S2 S1 S2 S3 S3 S1

S1 S2 S3 S2 S1 S3
2 2 2 6
Ap dung Bt Co si ta co S2 S1 S2 S3 S3 S1
ang thc xay ra khi S1 = S2 = S3 O la trong tam cua tam giac ABC

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 S2 S3 S1 S3 S1 S2 S2 S3 S1 S3 S1 S2
. .
d) N = S1 S2 S3 S1.S2 .S3

S2 S3 S1 S3 S1 S2
2 2 2
4S1S2 .4S2S3.4S1S3
64
S1.S2 .S3 S1.S2 .S3
2 2
N2 = N 8

ang thc xay ra khi S1 = S2 = S3 O la trong tam cua tam giac ABC
Bai 4:
Cho tam giac eu ABC, cac ng caoAD, BE, CF; goi A, B, C la hnh chieu
cua M
(nam ben trong tam giac ABC) tren AD, BE, CF. Chng minh rang: Khi M thay
oi v tr trong tam giac ABC th:
a) AD + BE + CF khong oi
b) AA + BB + CC khong oi
Giai
Goi h = AH la chieu cao cua tam giac ABC th h khong oi
Goi khoang cach t M en cac canh AB; BC; CA la MP; MQ; MR th AD +
BE + CF = MQ + MR + MP
V M nam trong tam giac ABC nen
SBMC + SCMA + SBMA = SABC
BC.(MQ + MR + MP) = BC . AH

MQ + MR + MP = AH AD + BE + CF = AH = h

Vay: AD + BE + CF = AH = h khong oi
b) AA + BB + CC = (AH AD)+(BE BE) (CF CF)

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 A

F E
C' R
P
B'
A'
M
B Q D C

= (AH + BE + CF) (AD + BE + CF) = 3h h = 2h khong oi

Bai 5:
Cho tam giac ABC co BC bang trung bnh cong cua AC va AB; Goi I la giao
iem cua cac phan giac, G la trong tam cua tam giac. Chng minh: IG // BC
Giai
Goi khoang cach t a, I, G en BC lan lt la AH, IK, GD
V I la giap iem cua ba ng phan giac nen khoang cach t I en ba canh AB,
BC, CA bang nhau va bang IK
V I nam trong tam giac ABC nen:

I G

B H K D M C
SABC = SAIB + SBIC + SCIA BC.AH = IK(AB+BC+CA) (1)
AB + CA
Ma BC = 2 AB + CA = 2 BC (2)

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 1
Thay (2) vao (1) ta co: BC. AH = IK. 3BC IK = 3 AH (a)
V G la trong tam cua tam giac ABC nen:
1 1 1
SBGC = 3 SABC BC . GD = 3 BC. AH GD = 3 AH (b)
T (a) va (b) suy ra IK = GD hay khoang cach t I, G en BC bang nhau nen IG
// BC
Bai tap ve nha:
0
1) Cho C la iem thuoc tia phan giac cua xOy = 60 , Mla iem bat ky nam tren

ng vuong goc vi OC tai C va thuoc mien trong cua xOy , goi MA, MB th t
la khoang cach t M en Ox, Oy. Tnh o dai OC theo MA, MB
2) Cho M la iem nam trong tam giac eu ABC. A, B, C la hnh chieu cua M
tren cac canh BC, AC, AB. Cac ng thang vuong goc vi BC tai C, vuong goc
vi CA tai A , vuong goc vi AB tai B cat nhau D, E, F. Chng minh rang:
a) Tam giac DEF la tam giac eu
b) AB + BC + CA khong phu thuoc v tr cua M trong tam giac ABC

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