Microbiology Syllabus

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY
I{AAC 'A' GRADE
RDGISTRAR Telephone No: O863-23461 15

F ax:Oa63 -229337 8 / 229A32O
Website: :http: /www.anu.ac.in
No.ANU/Acad /U.c/CBCS/III B.Sc/Microbiologr/SEM_VIlSyllabus/20
17 Date: 30- 10-2017
PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICF.CHANCELLOR
Sub:- ANU - Academic -UG courses -CBCS _ III year B.Sc Microbiolory
VI semester Syllabus - Approval _ Orders-_ Issued.
Ref:- 1. Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies (UG) in Microbiologz
held on 25-O9-2O|Z.
2. Vice-Chancellor's orders dated 29-lO_2O72 .
*****
o RDER:-
The Vice-chancellor, after having considered the minutes l"t cited, has approved
the
III year B'Sc Microbiologu VI semester syllabus for the academic year 2ol7-Ig prepared
by the
Board of Studies (UG) in Microbiologr. The titles of the papers are mentioned below.
Semester-VI
Anv one of the Ele ctive Paper:
1. Paper VII A:
Microbiat Biotechnolory gheory & practical)
OR
2. Paper VII B: Advances in Microbiologz (Theory & practical)
OR
3. Paper VIIIC: Instrumentation and Bio techniques (Theory & practical).
An one of the Cluster El Paner:

1. Paper VIII (I): Diagnostic Microbiologr
2. Paper VIII (II): Microbial Quatity Control in Food and pharmaceutical
Industries
3. Paper VIII (III): Bioinformatics
Practical - VIII: I
Practical - VIII: 2
Practical / Project Work
OR
1. Paper VIII (I): Microbes in sustainable agriculture
2. Paper VIII (II): Bio fertilizers and Bio pesticides
3. Paper VIII (III): Mushroom cultivation
Practical - VIII: 1
Practical - VIII: 2
Practical/ Proj ect Work
(BY ORDER)
a-,'''
JOINT
Academic
To
The Chairman and all members, Board of Studies (UG) in Statistics, ANU.
All the Principals of the Affrliated Colleges under ANU area.
Copy to:
The Dean, Faculty of Natural Science, ANU.
The Dean, CDC, ANU.
The Coordinator, UG (Exams), ANU
The Addl. Controller of Examinations, ANU.
The P.A. to Vice-Chancellor/ Registrar/Rector, ANU.
AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHEREDUCATION
CBCS PATTERN TOR MICROBIOLOGY
EAR SEMESTER PAPER TITLE MARKS CREDITS
I I Introductory Microbiology and 100 03
Microbial Diversity
Practical - I 50 02
I II II Microbial Biochemistry and 100 03
Metabolism
Practical - II 50 02
III III Microbial Genetics and 100 03
Molecularbiology
Practical - III 50 02
u IV IV Immunology and Medical 100 03
Microbiology
Practical - IV 50 02
Environmental and Agricultural 100 03
Microbiology
Practical - V 50 02
VI Food And Industrial Microbiology 100 03
Practical - VI 50 02
* Any one VII A* Microbial Biotechnology 100 03
Paper from Practical - VII A 50 02
A.BandC VII B* Advances in Microbiology 100 03
Practical - VII B 50 02
** An1' t'rue VII C* Instrumentation and Biotechniques 100 03
cluster Practical - VII C 50 02
irom I. II vI[ (I)** Cluster Elective - I
and I [1 I. Diagnostic Mlcrobiology
II. Microbial quality control in food 100 03
ilI and pharmaceutical industry 100 03
III. Bioinformatics
Practical - VIII: 1 100 03
Practical - VIII: 2
VI Practical/Proj ect Work 50 02
50 02
50 02
VIII Cluster Elective - II
(II1*' x I. Microbes in sustainable agriculture 100 03
II. Biofertilizers and Biopesticides 100 03
III. Muskoom Cultivation 100 03
Practical/Pro ect Work 50 02
NAGAR-52251O
ACHARYA NAGAR*rUNA UNWERSITY: NAGARJLNA
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCSI SYLLABUS
SEMESTER- VI
Paper- VIIA
MBT - 601A MI RO ALB OTE
CREDITS:3
TOTAL HOURS: 36
I No. of Hours: 8
UNIT-
Microbial Biotechnologz: Scope and its applications

in human therapeutics and
environment
(Bioremediation of Xenobiotics)'
Bacteria and yeast
benetically engineered microbes for industrial application:
No. ofHours: 7
UNIT- II
RecombinantmicrobialproductionprocessesinPharmaceuticalindustries-
Streptokinase
Recombinant vaccines (Hepatitis B vaccine)'
Microbial polysaccharides, polyesters and Bioplastics'
Microbial biosensors.
No. of Hours: 1O
UNIT -ilI
Microbial based transformation of steroids'

Biocatalyticprocessesandtheirindustrialapplications:Productionofhigh
substitute'
fructose corrr sytrp and Production of cocoa butter
Immobilization methods and their application'
No. ofHours: 7
UNIT- TV
Biodiesel production: commercial production
from
Bioethanol and
lignocellulosic waste and
algal biomass.
using microbial culture'
Ut?*^" ,..O"ction: Methane production
Bioleaching'
No. ofHours: 4
UNIT- V
Patents' Copyrights' Trademarks
Outlines of Intellectual Property Rights:
MBP- 601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
CREDITS:2
TOTAL HOURS: 36
1. Yeast cell immobilization in calcium alginate gels
2. Pigment production from fungi / bacteria

3. Isolation of protease/ xylanase / lipase producing bacteria
4. Study of algal Single Cell Proteins'
SUGGESTED REAI)ING
Crueger W, Crueger A (1990) Biotechnolory: A text Book of Industrial

Uicrobiologr 2nd edition Sinauer associates, Inc'
Demain,A.LandDavies,J.E.(1999)'ManualoflndustrlalMicrobiologyand
Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, ASM Press'
2nd edition'
Glazer AN and Nikaido H (2OO7\ Microbial Biotechnolory'
Cambridge UniversitY Press
GlickBR,PasternakJJ,andPattenCL(2010)MolecularBlotechnology4tt,
edition, ASM Press
GuptaPK(2009)ElementsofBlotechnologa2"dedition,RastogiPublications
Prescott, Harley and Klein's Microblolog5r by Willey
JM' Sherwood LM'
w;;il;;Ct (zot+1,9th edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishers'
Ratledge, C and Kristiansen, B' (2001)' Basic Biotechnology' 2nd Edition'
Cambridge UniversitY Press'
Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ. (1995) Principles

of Fermerrtation
i."nr"i"ry ind edition', Elsevier Science
Swartz, J. R. (2001)' Advances ir Escherlchia coll productlon of
ii*.pl*U. p"oieias. current opinlon in Biotechnologr' 12' 195-201'
51O
ACHARYA NAGAR.IUNA UNTVERSITY: NAGARJT,NA NAGAR.522
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY {CBCS} SYLLABUS
SEMESTER- VI
Paper- VII B
MBT.601 B ADVAN CES IN MI CROBI OLOGY
36 CREDITS:3
TOTAL HOURS:
UNIT- I No' of Hours:8

pool' flexible
Salient features of sequenced microbial genomes, core genome
;;";;" pool and concept of pangenome'-E1glution of bacterial virulence -
L"".."i"'. islands, pathogenicity islands (pAI) and their characteristics.
UNIT- II No' of Hours: 8
BriefhistoryanddevelopmentofMetagenomics.Understandingbacterial
diversity using metage.rorrri"" approach' Piospecting genes of
biotechnological
i*fottu"". u"sing iretag.,o-i""'. Basic knowledge of viral metagenome'
metaproteomics and metabolomics
-"i"tt""=".iptom'ics,
III No' of Hours: 8
UNIT-
Epiphytic fitness and its mechanism in plant pathogens' Hypersensitive.

;J";;; fiR) to plant pathogens a1d iti mechanism' Type three secretion
(TTSS) of plant and animal pathogens'
"y"t"*"
No' of Hours: 5
UNIT- fV
significance in
Biofilms: Tlpes of microorganisms, molecular aspects and
resistance
environment, health care, virulence and antimicrobial
No. ofHours: 7
UNIT-V
Networking in biological systems, Quorum sensing

in bacteria'- Co-ordinated
."g"r"ii""if bacterll virulence i"ttot"' Basics of synthesis of poliovirus in
ffi;;;a*. Future imptcations of synthetic bioloSr with respect to bacteria
and viruses.
MBP- 6018 ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY
TOTALHOURS:36 CREDITS:2
1. Extraction of metagenomic DNA from soil
2. To understand the impediments in extracting metagenomic DNA from

soil
3.PCRamplificationofmetagenomicDNAusinguniversall6sribosomal
gene primers
4. Case study to understand how the poliovirus genome was synthesized

in
the laboratory
5.S.Casestudytounderstandhownetworkingofmetabolicpathwaysin
bacteria takes Place
SUGGESTED READING
1. Fraser CM, Read TD and Nelson KE. Microbia'l Genomes, 2004' Humana
Press
2.MillerRVandDayMJ.MicrobialEvolution-Geneestablishment,
survival and exchange, 2OO4, ASM Press
3. 3.Bu11 AT. Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting,2OO4, ASM Press'
4. 4.Sangdun C. Introduction to Systems Biolory, 2007' Humana Press
5. Ktipp E, Liebermeister W. Systems Biolory - A Textbook' 2OO9' Wiley -
VCH Verlag
6. Caetano-Anolles G. Evolutionary Genomics and systems Biolory, 2010,
John WileY and Sons
7. Madigan MT, Martink JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP (2014) Brook's
Cumming
Biologr of Microorganisms, 14tJr edition' Pearson-Bejamin
Wilson BA, Salyers AA Whitt DD and Winkler ME
(2Oll)Bacterial
ASM Press'
Pathogenesis- A molecular Approach, Srd edition'
8. Bouarab K, Brisson and Daayf F (2009) Molecular Plant-Microbe
interaction CAB International'
Ist edition'Garland
9. Voit EO (2072) A First Course in Systems Biolory'
Science
ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY: NAGARJUNA NAGAR'522 5 10
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY TCBCS) SYLLABUS

SEMESTER- VI
Paper-VII C
MBT. SOI C IN ATION AND BIOTECHNI OUES
TOTAL HOURS: 36
CREDITS:3
UNIT-I No. of Hours: 6
Bright freld and dark field microscopy. Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase

con-trast Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy and Micrometr5r'
UNIT.II No. ofHours: 8

principles and applications of paper chromatography (including Descending
and2-D\,Columnpackingandfractioncollection.Gelfiltration
chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography' GLC and HPLC'
UNIT. III No. ofHours: 8
Principleandapplicationsofnativepolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis,SDS.
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 2D gel electrophoresis and Isoelectric
focusing.
UNIT- IV No. ofHours:5
PrincipleandapplicationsofstudyofabsorptionSpectraofbimolecular.
Analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range ' Turbidometry
UNIT- V No' ofHours: 8
Preparative and analytical centrifugation, fixed angle and

swinging bucket
density
rotors. RCF and sedimentation coefficient, differential centrifugation,
gradient centrifugation and ultracentrifugation'
MBP-6oIcNSTRUMENTATIoNANDBIoTECHNIQUES(pRAcTIcALl
CREDITS:2
TOTAL HOURS: 36
1. Study of fluorescent micrographs to visualize bacterial cells'
2. Ray diagrams of phase contrast microscopy and Electron microscopy'
3. Separation of mixtures by paper / thin layer chromatograph
4. Demonstration of column packing in any form of column
chromatograPhY
s. i"plt.ti"i oi protein mixtures by any form of chromatography'
6. Separation of protein mixtures by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
(PAGE).
7. Determination of l-o for an unknown sample and calculation of
extinction coeflicient.
8. Separation of components of a given mixture using a laboratory scale
centrifuge.
9. Understanding density gradient centrifugation with the help of pictures
SUGGESTED READING
l.NelsonDLandCoxMM'(2008).LehningerPrinciplesofBiochemistry,5e
Ed., W.H. Freeman and ComPanY'
2. Willey MJ, Sherwood LM & Woolverton C J' (2013)' Prescott' Harley and
Klein's MicrobioloS'' gthEd'' McGraw Hill'

3. Karp G. (2010) Cell and Molecular Biolory: Concepts
and Experiments'
6th edition. John Wiley & Sons' Inc'
4. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF. (2006). cell
and Molecular
BioloSl.8thedition.LipincottWilliamsandWilkins,Philadelphia.
Cell: A Molecular Approach'
5. Cooper G.M. and Hausman R'E' (2009)' The
Sft Edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington D'C',
Sinauer
Associates, MA.
Immunolory
6. Nigam A and Ayyaga ti A. 2OO7 ' Lab Manual in Biochemistry'
and Biotechnologr. Tata McGraw Hill'
ACI{ARYA I{AGARJITN& UI{IIIER$I"Y: 1{AG'&&JUI{A

!{AGAR-522 510
S.Sc MICRSBISLOCY TCBCS) $YLLASUS
sE&t6s TER.VI
ekrster Elective I rt^ er- VtrII x
n&a?- Ats IA"&NOS Tle MxcR{} STOLO&Y
CREDITS:3
TOTAL HOURS: 36
No. of hours: 8
UNIT-I
Causative agent and symptoms of Bacterial, Viral' Fungal
and Protozoan
Diseases of various human body systems: nervous(
Meningiti.s, Encephalitis,
Cffio"o""o"is, Trypanosomiasis) respiratory (Tuberculosis' J,nfluenza
gastrointestinal( typhoid' Hepatitis'
,Histoplasmosis, , toxoplasmosis) . ,. ( Nongonococcal urethritis'
6""a1ii""i", amoebiasis)' , urogenital systems Disease associated clinical
il;il-h;;.pes, candiJia"i", T"ri"ho*oniasis).
samples for diagnosis.
No. ofhours: 8
UNIT. II
blood, cSF, urine and
collection of clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin,
faeces) and precautions iequired'Method of transport
of clinical samples to
laboratory and storage '
No. of hours: 8
UNIT-III
Examinationofsamplebystaining-Gramstain'Ziehl-Neelsonstainingfor
for malaria'
tuberculosis, Giemsa-stained thin blood frlm
Preparation and use of culture media - Blood
agar' Chocolate agar'
Distinct colony properties of
Lowenstein-Jensen medium, Mac Conkey agar'
various bacterial Pathogens'
No. of hours: 6
UNIT. tV
Methods -
Diagnosis of 'Ilphoid, Dengue, HIV and Swine flrr using Serological
methods - PCR'
r*rnitilfr"ttt"""t'"t' Nucleic acid based
Agglutination, ELISA,
Nucleic acid Probes.
No. of hours: 6
UNIT. V
Importanceanddeterminationofsensitivity/resistanceofbacteriausingdisc
diffusionmethod,Determinationofminimalinhibitoryconcentration(MIC)of
method
an antibiotic by serial double dilution
1!{Ep- 6S2.&, PIA& NOSTIC SeIC&0

BIO
CREDITS:2
TOTAL HOURS: 36
clinical specimens (Blood' Urine'
1. Collection, transport and processing of
and dispatching
Stool and Sputum)' Receipts' Labeling' recording
clinical sPecimens'
Antibiotic sensitivity'
2. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture' and
Streptococcus' E'coli)
3. Identification of common bacteria (Staphylococcus'
by studying their morpholory' cultural characters' Biochemical
reactions, agglutination and other tests'
culture
4. Maintenance and preservation of stock
SUGGESTED READING
R and Paniker CKJ (2009) Textbook of
'' Ananthanarayan
1. -
P.r9ss Private Ltd'
;;i;#i.i;;, sth "aitio;'universities J'S''-Morse S'A' and Mietzner' T'A'
2. Brooks G.F., Carroll'i'61'-e"t"r Mlcrobiolory' 26th
t2ot3l Jawetz, rvr"r.,ilt'i;-;;1dd'" Medical
;iti.;. McGraw Hill;ct"'il;;i;"'
Publication
BP' simmons A (2oo7) Mackie and
3. Collee JG, Fraser,
MccartneyPractica]MedicalMicrobiology,l4tledition,Elsevier.
KB (2009) Practicals aad Viva in
4. Randhawa, VS, Metrta G and Sharma Elsevier India Pvt Ltd
Medical Microbiologl itta "aitio"' Microbiolory' 13fr edition'
5. Tille P(2013) e","v'l'""";*s""itii"'pl"l""=tr"
Mosby
10
ACHARYA I{.&.G.&R"rUn.& UI{MRSI?Y: NA&A&JL}XA l{3'eAR'-522 5
B"$c MICRO&IOLOGY {CBCsi SYLLAB{I$
$gMs$?s& -v,
Cluster Slective I ;pe l}e,- vffr {Ilb
MB? -602S ilfrcs oa{a& *UAT"TT${ eojvre0f. ,JVr00D,{rl,}D
antAS?&9,{ C&UffCA'. ,"lvr) us?&r&s
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS:3
No. of Hours: 8
UNIT -I
Good laboratory practices - Good microbiological
practices. Biosafety cabinets -
working of biosafety cabinets, using protective clothing, specification for BSL-

1, BSL-2, BSL-3. Discarding biohazardous waste - Methodolory of Disinfection'
Autoclaving & Incineration
II No. of Hours: 8
UNIT -
culture and microscopic methods - standard plate count, Most probable

numbers,Directmicroscopiccounts,Biochemicalandimmunologicalmethods:
Limuluslysatetestforendotoxin,geldiffusion.Sterilitytestingfor
pharmaceutical Products.
No. ofHours: 8
UNIT -uI
biosensors'
Molecular methods - Nucleic acid probes, PCR based detection,
No. of Hours: 8
UNIT - IV
microorganisms - on
Enrichment culture techniques for detection of specilic
agar' EMB agar' McConkey
XLD agar, Salmonella Shigetta Agar, Manitol salt
Agar, Saboraud Agar. Ascertaining microbial
quality of milk by MBRT' Rapid
detection methods of microbiological quality of
milk at milk collection centers
(COB, 10 min Resazurin assaY)'
UNIT-V No' ofHours:4
Hazard, analysis of critical control point (HACCP) - Principles' flow diagrams'

limitations. Microbial Standards for Different Foods and water - BIS standards
for common foods and drinking water.
MBP- 6O2B S!ICR&AII&L O{JALITY CSX?RO L X$ $'$Op AI{D

P$AX&TA EUTICA,L XI{DUSTK'BS
1. Microbiological laboratory safet5r- General rules & Regulations'

2. Sterility tests for Instruments - Autoclave & Hot Air Oven
3. Disinfection of selected instruments & Equipments
4. Sterility of Air and its relationship to Laboratory & Hospital sepsis'
5. Sterility testing of Microbiological media
& fluids
6. Sterility testing of Pharmaceutical products -Antibiotics, Vaccines
7. Standard qualitative analysis of water'
8. Quantitative analysis of water - Membrane filter method
9. Analysis of food samples for Mycotoxins'
SUGGESTED READING
l.BairdRM,HodgesNAandDenyerSP(2005)Handb-ookofMicrobioiogical
^' Taylor and Francis Inc.
q"dity ii pharmaceutical and Medical Devices,
"";rtrol
2. Garg N, Garg KL and Mukerji KG (2010) Laboratory Manual of Food
uicibioloS, I k International Publishing House Pvt' Ltd'
3rd ed'
3. Harrigan WF (1998) Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiolory'
Academic Press.
Microbiolory' 7th
4. Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern Food
edition. SPringer.
5.LaboratoryExercisesinMicrobiolory,George'A'Wistreich&Max'D'Lechtman'3
rd Ed, Glencoe Press, l'ondon'
6.ManualofdiagnosticmicrobioloS',Dr'B'J'Wadher&Dr'G'L'Bhoosreddy'
Firs.Ed. Himalaya publishing house, Nagpur'
7. Microbiolory - A laboratory manual, Cappuccino & Sherman' 6 th Ed'
Pearson
Education.
8. Pharmaceutical Microbiolory - Purohit'
9. Pharmaceutical Microbiolory - W'B' Hugo'
AC}IAR,YANAGAIrJU$AU$TVPRSI?Y:N&GARJUNAI{*.GATT,.52251O
B.Sc SIICROBIOIOGY {CBC$} SYtLABUS
Cluster &lective tr : Pa$er- VXItr tllc

ma?- c alo I$TORMA?I ti,
CREDITS:3
TOTAL HOURS: 36
I No' of Hours: 6 O
Unit
RDBMS - Definition of relational database

Mode of data transfer (F*tP, SF-IP, SCP), advantage
of encrypted data transfer
U No' of Hours: 7
Unit
Bio-informatics-ItsDefinitions,Introduction,History'Bioinformatics-
Objectives,Applications,Itsneed,scope,Careers'Bioinforrnaticsscenarioin
DNA, Protein,
India & the rest of the world. Sequences used in Bioinforrnatics-
RNA. Dawn of sequencing' Brief understanding of the
DNA' Protein' RNA
molecules.
No. of Hours: 7
Unit III
LocalandGlobalSequencealignment,pairwiseandmultipleSequence
phylogenetic trees'
Tlpes of
alignment. Scoring an alignment, scoring matrice'
Different approaches of phyloge"etic tree construction
- UPGMA' Neighbor
joining, MaxiLum Parsimony, Maximum likelihood'
No. of Hours: 7
Unit 1y
Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence
phylogenetic trees'
alignment. Scoring an alignment, scoring matrices' Tlpes of
Oiiferent approaches of phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA'
Neighbor
joining, Maximum Parsomony, Maximum likelihood'
Unit V No' of Hours: 9
Diversity of Genomes: Viral, prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomes

Genome, transcriptome, proteome, 2-D gel electrophoresis'
Maldi Toff
spectroscopy
Major features of completed genomes: E'coli', S'cerevisiae' Human'
Hierarchy of protein structure - primary, secondary and tertiary
structures'
modeling
Structural Classes, Motifs, Polds and Domains'
Proteinstructurepredictioninpresenceandabsenceofstructuretemplate.
&xBr- 602C sr&I1tF0 IeM3.? ICS

CREDITS:3
TOTAL HOURS: 36
Windows
1. Introduction to different operating systems - UNIX' LINUX and
i. i"i.oJ""tion to bioinformitics databases (any three): NCBI'
3. Sequence retrieval using BLAST
;. S;il;;;" alignment & ihvlogenetic analvsis using clustal W & Phvlip'
a-given g".ti fiorn genomes-using Genscan or other softwares
" pi"i.i"g outregilon
s.
i;;;;"1;. (Glimme., ide-ntificationl repeat in genome' oRF prediction)' Gene
{inding tools CBNSCalfi, Primeidesigning' Genscan/ Genetool'
secondary
6. Protein structure p..di"tio"' primary structure analysis' -.
structureprediction using psiprid, homologr modeling using
Swissmodel.
gene'
Z. p.eiictiot of different features of a functional
SUGGESTED READING
analysis of genes &
1. Andreas (2004) Bioinformatics- A practical guide to the
protein 2nd ED Baxevanis and Francis Ouellefte'
publications'
2. bhristian Crumlish The internet (1999)' BPB
5. i.ffii & N.vijayaraj Bioinformatics forthe beginners
4. Lesk M.A.(2008) lntroduction to Bioinformatics Oxford Publication, 3rd
lnternational Student Edition
5.Pennigton&Dunn(2002)Proteomics;Vivabookspublishers,NewDelhi
6. Preeti (2007) Foundations of Computing, 4th ed', BPB Publications
T.PrimroseandTwyman(2003)Princip|esofGenomeAnalysis&Genomics'
Blackwell
S.RastogiS.C.,MendirattaN.andRastogiP.(2007)Bioinformatics:methods
and applications, genomics, proteomics and drug discovery, 2nd ed' Prentice
Hall lndia Publication
9. Saxena SanjaY (2003) A First Course in Computers, Vikas Publishing
HousePradeeP and Sinha
1 0.T.K.Altwood, D.J.Parry-smith
(2004) lntroduction to Bioinformatics Pears
Education.
AC}IA,RYA$AGAkJUSAU$MRSITY:I{AGAId"}U$A}I.&GAR-522510
B.Sc MICROaIOLOCY {CECS} SY}'L&BUS
$&MlSTrR-VI
Elective ltr: Faper- YIIIJ!Il3
&{tsT- 503 a l!:Ie&ea&s TN $US?ANS AEL& "{{}KTC UT*?IJR&
Unit I No of Hours 8
SoilasMicrobialHabitat,soilproperties.Diversityanddistributionof
lignin,
microorganisms in soil. Mineralization of cellulose, hemicelluloses,
phosphate, nitrate.
No of Hours 6
Unit U
Carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,nitricoxide-productionandcontrol
No of hours 6
Unit I[
agents against
Biocontrol mechanisms -Microorganisms used as biocontrol
Microbial plant pathogens, Insects, Weeds'
UNIT IV No of Hours: 8
plant growth promoting bacteria, biofertilizers - symbiotic (Bradgrhizobium,

Rhizobium, Frankia ), Non symbi olic lAz.ospirillum, Azotobacter, Mycotrhizae,
MHBs, phosphate solubilizers, algae). Novel combination of microbes as
biofertilizers, PGPRs
UNIT V No of Hours: 6
Biotech feed, silage, Biomanure, biogas, biofuels - advantages and processing

parameters. Advantages, social and environmental aspects of GM crops, Bt
crops, golden rice, transgenic animals.
lWBp- 603 A l,lICROts&S I N $USr.&I$A&L& &iegx,?us?&
1. Study ofsoilProfile
2. Study of micro flora of different types of soils
3. Rhiz,obiumas soil inoculants characteristics and field application
4. Azotobacter as soil inoculants characteristics and field application
5. Design and functioning of a biogas plant
6. Isolation of cellulose degrading organisms
SUGGESTED READINGS
l.Agrios GN. (2006). Plant Patholory. Sth edition' Academic press' San Diego'
2.SinghRS'(1998).PlantDiseasesManagement.Tthedition.oxford&IBH'
New Delhi.
s.dii;k Biil'pasternak JJ, and patten cL (2010) Motecular Biotechnolory
4tt' edition, ASM Press,
4.Atlas
' RM and Bartha R. (2000)' Microbial Ecolo5': Fundamentals &
nppif""t."".- +th "ditiorr.' Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing,
USA
5.Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental
Microbiologr. 2nd edition, Academic Press
6. Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecolory. lst edition, Wiley
Blackwell, USA
7. Campbell RE. (1933). Microbial Ecologr. Blackwell Scientific
Publication, Oxford, England.
S.Coyne MS. (2001). Soil Microbiolory: An Exploratory Approach'
Delmar Thomson Learning'
g. Altman A (1998). Agriculture Biotechnolory, Ist edition, Marcel decker Inc.
10. Mahendra K. Rai (2005). Hand Book of Microbial Biofertilizers, The
1 #d?ruffi1gtrdftimg${run$rySBioinoculants
- for Sustainable Agriculture and
ir. S"146;i F and Shalioori AR (2012) Development of Bioinsecticide, Lap
Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG
ACI{AIIYA NAGARJUNA 1}1{XIIEIiSI?Y: NAGARJUI{A I{AGAR-522 5 10

B.Sc &{ICROBIOLOGY tCtsCS} $YLLABUS
SEMIS?ER..VI
Cluster Eiective II er- VII! lll b
MBl'- 603 A BIO FA&?II.1ZpR$ AXp SIOPE$TICIDES
UNIT I No of Hours: 10
Advantages of biofertlizers over chemical fertilizers. symbiotic Nz fixers:

Rhizobium - Isolation, characteristics, types, inoculum production and field
application, legume/ pulses plants.
Frankia from non-legumes and characterization'
cyanobacteria from Azolla, characterization, mass multiplication, Role
in rice
cultivation, Crop response, field application'
No of Hours: 6
UNIT - II
FreelivingAzospiitlum,Azotobacter-isolation,characteristics'massinoculum
production and field aPPlication'
No ofHours: 6
UNIT - III
phosphate solubilizing microbes - Isolation, characterization, mass
inoculum production, field application
UNIT - TV No of Hours: 7
Importance of mycorrizal inoculum, types of mycorrhizae and associated

plants, Mass inoculum production of VAM, field applications of
Ectomycorrhizae and VAM.
UNIT -V No of Hours: 7
General account of microbes used as bioinsecticides and their advantages

over synthetic pesticides. Bacillus tlunngiensis - production, Field
applications. Viruses - NPV cultivation and field applications
*{ap- 603 e EIOrg RTTLIUSIAS &N D S;oppsficin&s
1. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules'
2. Isolation of phosphate solubilizers from soil

3. Staining and observation of VAM
4. A visit to biofertilizer production unit'
SUGGESTED REN)INGS
l.AgarwalSK(2005)AdvancedEnvironmentalBlotechnology,APH
publication.
Kannaiyar.' S. (2003). Biotechnology of Biofertilizers' CHIPS'
Texas'
2.
3.MahindraK.Rai(2005).HandbookofMicrobialblofertillzers,The
Haworth Press, Inc. New York'
4. Reddy, S.M. et. al.
(2OO2). Biolnoculants for sustalnable
agriculture aad forestry, Scientific Publishers'
5.SalemFandShakooriAR(2012)DevelopmentofBioinsecticlde,
Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG
6.SubbaRaoN.S(1995)Sotrmicroorganlsmsandplantgrowthoxford
and IBH publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi'
ACH.&RYAI{AGARJITNAUI{rVERSI"Y:I{A&ARJUI{AXAGAR-52251O
ts.Sc MIC&OBIOI"OGY {CBCS} SYLI"ABUS
S8S,t I$?S&.-VI
etrlrster Eleetive II ;p& Pgr- vxilulc
neB"- 603 e I}{{"isI{Ro OM EUI?IXI A.TTOS
Unit I No of Hours: 8
Historyandscopeofmushroomcultivation.}pesofediblemushrooms
available in India. Mushroom morpholory. Different parts of a typical
mushroom & variations inmushroom morpholory. Button, Paddy straw&
Oyster- General MorpholoSr, distinguishing characteristics'
No of Hours: 6
Unit II
Classification Based on occurrence, natural habitats, color of spores,
morphologroffruitinglayers,structureandtextureoffruitingbodies'Keyto
of edible
differentiate edible from Poisonous mushrooms. Economic importance
mushrooms.
No of Hours: 1O
Unit III
CultivationofButton,OysterandPaddystrawMushrooms:Collectionofraw
casing & case run'
materials, compost & composting, spawn & spawning'
cropping, picking & packing, marketing'
No of Hours: 6
Unit IV
mushrooms'
Nutritional profile of mushrooms, health benefits of
Mushroom Toxins and illness, mushroom recipes'
Unit V No of Hours: 6
Effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of mushrooms. crop

management during spawn running, casing to mushroom period, the cropping
period. Post harvest management.
MEr- 60$ c MusK&oOM elrLTlV^e?IoS pR.{cfIcAL
1. Microscopic and anatomical observations of different mushroom species. .

2. preparation of spawn under controlled conditions(preparation of
mother
spawn in saline bottle and polypropylene bag and their multiplication

3.'Ilpes of Compost preparation and sterilization'
4. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash,
maize
straw, banana leaves/waste'

5. Spawning, casing, Cropping and harvesting'
6. Substrate preparation, bed preparation, spawning and cropping'
7. Diseases of mushrooms (photographs)'
8. Visit to relevant Labs/Field Visits
SUGGESTED READINGS
l.MushroomCultivation,Tripathi,D.P.(2005)oxford&IBHPublishingCo.
PVT.LTD, New Delhi.
2. Mushroom Production and Processing Technologr' Pathak Yadav Gour
(2010) Published by Agrobios (India)'
3. A hand book of edible mushroom, S.Kannaiyan& K'Ramasamy (1980)'
Today & Tomorrows printers & publishers, New Delhi
4.Handbook on Mushrooms, Nita Bahl, oxford & IBH Publishing Co'
5. Marimuthu, T. Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Sivaprakasam, K' and Jayarajan' R
(1991) Oyster Mushrooms, Department of Plant Patholory, Tamil Nadu

Agricultural Universit5r, Coimbatore.
6. Swaminathan, M. (1990) Food and Nutrilion. Bappco, The Bangalore
Printing and Publishing Co.Ltd', No. 88, Mysore Road, Bangalore -
560018
7. Tewari, Pankaj Kapoor, S.C., (1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal
Publications, Delhi. 47 4. Nita Bahl (1984-1988)
8. Hand book of Mushrooms, II Edition, Vol. I &Vol' II' S'Biswas, S', M'
Datta and S.V. Ngachan. 2011.
9. Mushrooms: A Manual for Cultivation. PHI learning private Ltd', New
Delhi, India.
10.Chang,S.andP.G.Miles'2004.Mushrooms:cultivation,nutritional
value, medicinal effect, and environmental impact' CRC Press' USA'
ACIIARYA NAGARJUNA UNIYERSITY
III B.Sc. DEGRED EXAMINATION - FIFTH SEMESTER
SUBJECT - MICROBIOLOGY
PAPERV : EITIVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
MODEL PAPER F'OR SEMESTER END EXAMINATION
Time: Three hours Maximum: T5marks
SECTION A- (5 x 5 = 25marks)
Answer any FIVE of the following questions
Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary
(1.{oteto examiner : set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from
any of the units.)
1 Extremophiles
2 MPN
J Antagonism
4 BOD
5 Marine Microflora
6 Rhizobium
7 Citrus Canker
8 Non Symbiotic nitrogen fixation
SECTION B-(5 x 10 = 50marks)
Answer ALL of the following questions'
9. a) Describe Soil profile and Soil Microflora

(or)
b) Write about Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes
10. a) Explain Microbial interactions
(or)
b) Discuss the role of Microorganisms in carbon cycle
1 1. a) Give an account on Sewage treatment

(or)
b) Write the Methods of Solid waste disposal
12. a) Describe plant growth promoting microorganisms
(or)
b) Write in detail about biological symbiotic nitrogen fixation
13. a) Discuss the symptoms of plant diseases caused by Fungi and Viruses
(or)
b) Describe the concept and principles of plant disease control'
III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - flrTH SEMESTER

STIBJECT . MICROBIOLOGY
PAPER YI: FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
MODEL PAPER FOR SEMESTER END EXAMINATION
Time: Three hours Maximum:75marks
SECTION A-(5 x 5 = 25marks)
remaining three from

(Note to Examiner : Set one short answer question from each unit and the
any of the units.)
1. Food intoxication
2. Probiotics
3. Fermentor
4. Salmonellosis
5. Amylase Production
6. Industrial importance of Actinomycetes
7. Ingredients of Fermentation media
8. Penicillin
SECTION B - (5 x 10 : 50marks)
Answer ALL of the following question

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherevet necessary
(Note to the Examiner : Set one question from each unit with intemal choice.)
9. a) Write about intrinsic and extrinsic parameterc that affect microbal growth in food.
(or)
b) Describe microbial spoilage of food.
10. a) Discuss the principles of food preservation.
(or)
b) Write an essay on microorganisms as food and fermented Dairy foods'
1 1. a) Write about Isolation and screening of industrially important microorganisms.
(or)
b) Explain methods of strain improvement.
12. a) Discuss the various types of fermentations used in industry'
(or)
b) Give an account on Downstream processing.
13. a) Discuss the Industrial production of Ethanol'
(or)
b) Write about microbial production of vitamin B12 '

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNTVERSITY
III B.SC. DEGREE EXAMINATION - SIXTH SEMESTER
ST]BJECT - MICROBIOLOGY
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Answer any FIYE of the following questions
(Note to Examiner : set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from
any of the units.)
l. Bioleaching
2. Streptokinase
3. HFCS
4. Microbialbiosensors
5. Cocoa butter
6. Copyrights
7. Bioremediation
8. Recombinant
SECTION B - (5 x l0 = 50marks)
Answer ALL of the following questions
Draw neat and labeled diagams wherever necessary
(Note to the examiner : Set one question from each unit with intemal choice')
9. a) Describe Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application'

(or)
b) Write about Scope and its applications in human therapeutics'
10. a) Discuss in detail about Microbial Polysaccharides, Polyesters and bioplastics.

(or)
b) Write details on Recombinant microbial production of Hepatitis B vaccine'

1 l. a) Write about Microbial based transformation of Steloids.
(or)
b) Explain Immobilization methods and their application.
12. a) Give an account on Methane production.
(or)
b) Write about Bioethanol and Biodiesel production.
13. a) Give a general account on Patents .
(or)
b) Discuss about Trademarks.
ACIIARYA NAGARJUNA I]NIVERSITY

III EXAMINATION - SIXTH SEMESTER
B.SC. DEGREE
ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY
Each question carries f,'IYE marks
(Note to Examiner : Set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from
any of the units.)
1. Quorum Sensing
2. Viral metagenome
3. TTSS
4. Virulence
5. Biofilms
6. Pangenome
7. Metabolomics
8. Antimicrobial resistance
SECTION B-(5 x 10 = 50marks)
(Note to the Examiner : Set one question from each unit with intemal choice.)
9. a) Discuss about Salient features of Sequenced microbial genomes.

(or)
b) Write about the Characteristics of Genomic islands and Pathogenicity islands.
10. a) Describe Brief history and development of Metagenomics.
(or)
b) Give an account on basic knowledge of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics.
11. a) What is Epiphytic fitness and Discuss its mechanism in plant pathogens.
(or)
b) Explain the mechanism of Hypersensitive response to plant pathogens.
12. a) Write about the Significance of Biofilms in environment.
(o0
b) Give a general account on types of microorganisms involved in Biofilms'
13. a) Explain Networking in biological systems.
(o0
b) Discuss about Basics of Synthesis ofpoliovirus in laboratory'

ACHARYA NAGARJI]NA UNIYERSITY
III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - SIXTH SEMESTER
INSTRTJMENTATION AND BIOTECHIYIQUES
SECTION A-(5 x 5 = 2Smarks)
any of the units.)
l. 2D gel elechophoresis
2. Immunofluorescence
3. GLC
4. Confocal microscopy
5. RCF
6. Isoelechic focusing
7. Turbidometry
8. HPLC
SECTION B-(5 x 10 = S0marks)
(I{ote to the Examiner : Set one question from each unit with internal choice.)
9. a) Write an essay on phase contrast microscopy.

(or)
b) Explain MicrometrY.
1 0 . a) Write about principles and applications of paper Chromatography'
(or)
b)Describe Gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography '

11. a) Explain details about SDS-PAGE.
(or)
b) Write about principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel
Electrophoresis.
12. a) Write principle and applications of study of absorption spectra of biomolecules.
(or)
b) Write an account on analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range..
13. a) Comment on preparative and analytical centrifugation.
(or)
b) Discuss about Ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation.
ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNTVERSITY

Cluster Elective I: Paper - VIII (I)A
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY
MODEL PAPER FOR SEMESTEREIID EXAMINATION
SECTION A-(5 x 5 = 2Smarks)
(Note to Examiner : Set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three
from any of the units.)
1. Diseases ofnervous sYstem

2. Precautions required in collection of clinical samples
3. Colony properties of bacterial pathogens
4. Gram staining
5. Diagnosis of TYPhoid
6. Diseases of gastrointestinal tract
7. Detection of Swine flue
8. Importance of drug sensitivity tests'
SECTION B- (5 x 10 = S0marks)
Answer ALL of the following questions.
9. a) Write about the causative agent and clinical symptoms of bacterial diseases of human
body systems.
(oR)
b) Write an essay on disease associated clinical samples
10. a) Give an account of collection of clinical samples .
(oR)
b) Write about method of transport of clinical samples and storage.
11. a) Explain about Ziehl Neelson and Giemsa staining techniques..
(oR)
b) Describe about preparation and use of culture media for diagnosis.
12. a) Write in detail about any two serological methods used in diagnosis of dengue and
HIV.
(oR)
b) Write about Nucleic acid based methods for diagnosis.
13. a) Explain about determination of drug sensitivity or resistance of bacteria using disc
Diffirsion method.
(oR)
b) Write about the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of an
antibiotic.
ACHARYA NAGARJUNA TJNIYERSITY
Cluster Elective II: Paper - VIII (l)B
MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN X'OOD AND
PIIARMACEUTICAL II\DUSTIRES
1. Autoclaving
2. Limulus lysate test
3. PCR based detection
4. MBRT test
5. BIS standards for drinking water.
6. Direct microscopic counts
7. Incineration
8. Saboraud agar for detection of fungi
SECTION B- (5 x 10 = S0marks)
9. a) Describe good laboratory practices.

(oR)
b) Write about Biosafety cabinets.
10. a) Write about the cultural methods of quality contol.
(oR)
b) Write an essay on sterility testing for pharmaceutical products'
11. a) Explain about Nucleic acid probes.

(oR)
b) Describe biosensors.
12. a) Write about enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific bacteria .
(oR)
b) write in detail about rapid detection methods of microbiological quality of milk at
milk collection centers.
13. a) Discuss about HACCP
(oR)
b) Give an account ofBIS standards for different foods.
ACHARYA NAGARJUNA T]NIVERSITY

Cluster Elective II: Paper - VIII (I)B
BIOINFORMATICS
Section -A
Answer any five of the following 5x5=25marks
Draw labeled diagrams wherever necessary
1. Secure copy
2. q- helix
3. Secondary structure of rRNA
4. FASTA
5. BLAST
6. Scoring matrix
7. Proteome
8. MALDI - TOF sPectrometery.
Section -B
Answer any five of the following 5 x 10=50 marks
9 a)Discuss about the relational database management system (RDBMS)
Or
b) Write about file transfer protocol.
10 a)Applications of Bioinformatics in genetic research
Or
b) Describe features of DNA sequence analysis
11 a) Describe the features and importance of NCBI.
Or
b) Discuss about Protein sequence data banks
12 a) Explain sequence alignment. What are the methods for sequence

alignment and describe its applications
Or
b) Describe phylogenetic analysis.
13 a) Discuss about 2 D gel electrophoresis
Or
b) Give Salient Features of Human Genome project.

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA I]NIVERSITY
IIIB.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION_ VI SEMESTER
Cluster Elective I: Paper - VIII (I)A
MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Time: Three hours Maximum:75marks

SECTION A - (5 x 5 = 25marks)
(Note to examiner: set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from
ary of the units.)
I Soil properties.
2 Microbial control of methane in soil and air.
J Biocontrolling agents against weeds.
4 Transgenic animals
5 Biogas
6 Azotobacter
7 Mineralization of phosphate
8 Algal biofertilizer
B - (5 x 10 = S,marks)
Answer ALL of the folrowingsEcTloN
Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary
9. a) Write an account on diversity and distribution of microorganisms in soil.
(oR)
b) Describe the mineralization of cellulose and hemicelluloses.
10. a) Give an account of microbial production of CO2 and methane'
(oR)
b) Write about the microbial control of nitrogen compounds in soil and air.
I 1. a) Explain about the microorganisms used as biocontrol agents against microbial plant
Pathogens.
(oR)
b) Wtite in detail about the microbial biocontrolling agents against weeds
12. a) Write in detail about symbiotic biofertilizers.
(oR)
b) Explain about Mycorrhiza and its importance as biofertilizer.
13. a) Write about biofuels in detail.
(oR)
b) Write an essay on GM crops.
ACHARYA NAGARJT]NA T,NIVERSITY

III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION- SIXTH SEMESTER
Cluster Elective II: Paper VIII (II) B
BIOX'ERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES
MODEL PAPER TOR SEMESTER END EXAMINATION
SECTION A-(5 x 5 =25marks)
Answer any FIVE of the following.
'l
. Importance of mycorrhizae'
2. NPV
3. Advantages of Biofertilizers.
4. Examples and uses of PSM.
5. Field applications of Azotobacter.

6. Frankia.
7. Biopesticides.
8. Field applications of Ectomycorrhizae.
PART -B (sX10=50 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions.
Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
9. (a). Elaborate in detail about the isolation and field production of Rhizobium.
(oR)
(b). Explain about the mass cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers and write a note on
its role in Rice cultivation.
10 (a). Describe the mass inoculum production and product recovery of Azospirillum.
(oR)
(b).write about the isolation and characteristic of Azotobacter'
11 (a). Define PSM and write a brief note on different tlpes and field applications of PSM.
(oR)
(b). Discuss about the isolation and characteristics of phosphate solubilising microbes'
12 (a). What is VAM? Explain the mass production and uses of VAM fungal'
(oR)
(b). Give an account on different types of mycorrhizal association with

plants.
13(a)'BrieflywriteabouttheproductionandapplicationsofBacillusthuringiensis'
(oR)
(b). Differentiate the advantages of Biopesticides over Synthetic pesticides.
ACHARYA NAGARJUNA ITNIYERSITY

Cluster elective II: Paper VIII (IDC
MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
Draw neat and labelled diagrams whetever necessary
l. Types of edible mushrooms in India.
2. Crop management.
3.General morphology of Oyster mushroom.
4. Classiff mushrooms based on structure and texture of fruiting bodies.
5. Spawn.
6. Economic importance of mushrooms
7. Prepare any one mushroom recipe.
8. Preparation, Maintenance and storage of Spawn.
PART-B (sX10=50 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
9. (a). History and scope of mushroom cultivation

(oR)
(b). Explain about the typical morphology of mushroom and their paxts.
10 (a). classify the types ofmushroom based on its occwrence, habitats and color ofspores.
(oR)
(b). Differentiate the edible and poisonous mushrooms with examples.
1 I (a). Write about the cultivation of Paddy straw mushrooms.
(oR)
(b). Discuss about the cultivation of Button mushrooms.
12 (a). what are mushroom toxins and write a note on illness caused by the toxins produced.
(oR)
(b). Give an account on the nutritional profile of mushrooms.
13(a). write about the effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of Mushrooms.
(oR)
(b). Elaborate in detail about the post harvest management.

III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - FIFTH SEMESTER
PAPER V : ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
Time: Three hours Maximum: 75marks
SECTION A (5 x 5 = 25marks)
(Note to examiner : Set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from
any of the units.)
1. Extremophiles
2. MPN
3. Antagonism
4. BOD
5. Marine Microflora
6. Rhizobium
7. Citrus Canker
8. Non Symbiotic nitrogen fixation
SECTION B (5 x 10 = 50marks)
9. a) Describe Soil profile and Soil Microflora

(or)
b) Write about Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes
10. a) Explain Microbial interactions
(or)
b) Discuss the role of Microorganisms in carbon cycle
11. a) Give an account on Sewage treatment
(or)
b) Write the Methods of Solid waste disposal
12. a) Describe plant growth promoting microorganisms
(or)
b) Write in detail about biological symbiotic nitrogen fixation
13. a) Discuss the symptoms of plant diseases caused by Fungi and Viruses
(or)
b) Describe the concept and principles of plant disease control.
III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION - FIFTH SEMESTER

PAPER VI: FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
any of the units.)
1. Food intoxication
2. Probiotics
3. Fermentor
4. Salmonellosis
5. Amylase production
6. Industrial importance of Actinomycetes
7. Ingredients of Fermentation media
8. Penicillin
Answer ALL of the following question

(Note to the Examiner : Set one question from each unit with internal choice.)
9. a) Write about intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbal growth in food.
(or)
b) Describe microbial spoilage of food.
10. a) Discuss the principles of food preservation.
(or)
b) Write an essay on microorganisms as food and fermented Dairy foods.
11. a) Write about Isolation and screening of industrially important microorganisms.
(or)
b) Explain methods of strain improvement.
12. a) Discuss the various types of fermentations used in industry.
(or)
b) Give an account on Downstream processing.
13. a) Discuss the Industrial production of Ethanol.
(or)
b) Write about microbial production of vitamin B12 .

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
any of the units.)
1. Bioleaching
2. Streptokinase
3. HFCS
4. Microbial biosensors
5. Cocoa butter
6. Copyrights
7. Bioremediation
8. Recombinant
(Note to the examiner : Set one question from each unit with internal choice.)
9. a) Describe Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application.

(or)
b) Write about Scope and its applications in human therapeutics.
10. a) Discuss in detail about Microbial Polysaccharides, Polyesters and bioplastics.
(or)
b) Write details on Recombinant microbial production of Hepatitis B vaccine.

11. a) Write about Microbial based transformation of Steroids.
(or)
b) Explain Immobilization methods and their application.
12. a) Give an account on Methane production.
(or)
b) Write about Bioethanol and Biodiesel production.
13. a) Give a general account on Patents .
(or)
b) Discuss about Trademarks.

ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY
Each question carries FIVE marks
any of the units.)
1. Quorum Sensing
2. Viral metagenome
3. TTSS
4. Virulence
5. Biofilms
6. Pangenome
7. Metabolomics
8. Antimicrobial resistance
9. a) Discuss about Salient features of Sequenced microbial genomes.

(or)
b) Write about the Characteristics of Genomic islands and Pathogenicity islands.
10. a) Describe Brief history and development of Metagenomics.
(or)
b) Give an account on basic knowledge of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics.
11. a) What is Epiphytic fitness and Discuss its mechanism in plant pathogens.
(or)
b) Explain the mechanism of Hypersensitive response to plant pathogens.
12. a) Write about the Significance of Biofilms in environment.
(or)
b) Give a general account on types of microorganisms involved in Biofilms.
13. a) Explain Networking in biological systems.
(or)
b) Discuss about Basics of Synthesis of poliovirus in laboratory.

INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES
any of the units.)
1. 2D gel electrophoresis
2. Immunofluorescence
3. GLC
4. Confocal microscopy
5. RCF
6. Isoelectric focusing
7. Turbidometry
8. HPLC
9. a) Write an essay on phase contrast microscopy.

(or)
b) Explain Micrometry.
10. a) Write about principles and applications of paper Chromatography.
(or)
b)Describe Gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography .
.
11. a) Explain details about SDS-PAGE.
(or)
b) Write about principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel
Electrophoresis.
12. a) Write principle and applications of study of absorption spectra of biomolecules. .
(or)
b) Write an account on analysis of bimolecular using UV and visible range..
13. a) Comment on preparative and analytical centrifugation.
(or)
b) Discuss about Ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation.
III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION SIXTH SEMESTER

Cluster Elective I: Paper VIII (I)A
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY
1. Diseases of nervous system

2. Precautions required in collection of clinical samples
3. Colony properties of bacterial pathogens
4. Gram staining
5. Diagnosis of Typhoid
6. Diseases of gastrointestinal tract
7. Detection of Swine flue
8. Importance of drug sensitivity tests.
9. a) Write about the causative agent and clinical symptoms of bacterial diseases of human
body systems.
(OR)
b) Write an essay on disease associated clinical samples
10. a) Give an account of collection of clinical samples .
(OR)
b) Write about method of transport of clinical samples and storage.
11. a) Explain about Ziehl Neelson and Giemsa staining techniques..
(OR)
b) Describe about preparation and use of culture media for diagnosis.
12. a) Write in detail about any two serological methods used in diagnosis of dengue and
HIV.
(OR)
b) Write about Nucleic acid based methods for diagnosis.
13. a) Explain about determination of drug sensitivity or resistance of bacteria using disc
Diffusion method.
(OR)
b) Write about the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of an
antibiotic.
Cluster Elective II: Paper VIII (I)B
MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTIRES
1. Autoclaving
2. Limulus lysate test
3. PCR based detection
4. MBRT test
5. BIS standards for drinking water.
6. Direct microscopic counts
7. Incineration
8. Saboraud agar for detection of fungi
9. a) Describe good laboratory practices.

(OR)
b) Write about Biosafety cabinets.
10. a) Write about the cultural methods of quality control.
(OR)
b) Write an essay on sterility testing for pharmaceutical products.
11. a) Explain about Nucleic acid probes.
(OR)
b) Describe biosensors.
12. a) Write about enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific bacteria .
(OR)
b) write in detail about rapid detection methods of microbiological quality of milk at
milk collection centers.
13. a) Discuss about HACCP
(OR)
b) Give an account of BIS standards for different foods.

Cluster Elective II: Paper VIII (I)B
BIOINFORMATICS
Section A
Answer any five of the following 5x5=25marks
1. Secure copy
2. - helix
3. Secondary structure of rRNA
4. FASTA
5. BLAST
6. Scoring matrix
7. Proteome
8. MALDI - TOF spectrometery.
Section B
Answer any five of the following 5 x 10=50 marks
9 a)Discuss about the relational database management system (RDBMS)
Or
b) Write about file transfer protocol.
10 a)Applications of Bioinformatics in genetic research
Or
b) Describe features of DNA sequence analysis
11 a) Describe the features and importance of NCBI.
Or
b) Discuss about Protein sequence data banks
12 a) Explain sequence alignment. What are the methods for sequence

alignment and describe its applications
Or
b) Describe phylogenetic analysis.
13 a) Discuss about 2 D gel electrophoresis
Or
b) Give Salient Features of Human Genome project.

III B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION VI SEMESTER

Cluster Elective I: Paper VIII (I)A
MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

(Note to examiner: set one short answer question from each unit and the remaining three from
any of the units.)
1. Soil properties.
2. Microbial control of methane in soil and air.
3. Biocontrolling agents against weeds.
4. Transgenic animals
5. Biogas
6. Azotobacter
7. Mineralization of phosphate
8. Algal biofertilizer
9. a) Write an account on diversity and distribution of microorganisms in soil.
(OR)
b) Describe the mineralization of cellulose and hemicelluloses.
10. a) Give an account of microbial production of CO2 and methane.
(OR)
b) Write about the microbial control of nitrogen compounds in soil and air.
11. a) Explain about the microorganisms used as biocontrol agents against microbial plant
Pathogens.
(OR)
b) Wtite in detail about the microbial biocontrolling agents against weeds .
12. a) Write in detail about symbiotic biofertilizers.
(OR)
b) Explain about Mycorrhiza and its importance as biofertilizer.
13. a) Write about biofuels in detail.
(OR)
b) Write an essay on GM crops.

Cluster Elective II: Paper VIII (II) B
BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES
Answer any FIVE of the following.
1. Importance of mycorrhizae.
2. NPV
3. Advantages of Biofertilizers.
4. Examples and uses of PSM.
5. Field applications of Azotobacter.

6. Frankia.
7. Biopesticides.
8. Field applications of Ectomycorrhizae.
PART B (5X10=50 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions.
Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
9. (a). Elaborate in detail about the isolation and field production of Rhizobium.
(OR)
(b). Explain about the mass cultivation of cyanobacterial biofertilizers and write a note on
its role in Rice cultivation.
10 (a). Describe the mass inoculum production and product recovery of Azospirillum.
(OR)
(b).write about the isolation and characteristic of Azotobacter.
11 (a). Define PSM and write a brief note on different types and field applications of PSM.
(OR)
(b). Discuss about the isolation and characteristics of phosphate solubilising microbes.
12 (a). What is VAM? Explain the mass production and uses of VAM fungal.
(OR)
(b). Give an account on different types of mycorrhizal association with plants.
13 (a). Briefly write about the production and applications of Bacillus thuringiensis.
(OR)
(b). Differentiate the advantages of Biopesticides over Synthetic pesticides.

Cluster elective II: Paper VIII (II)C
MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
1. Types of edible mushrooms in India.
2. Crop management.
3.General morphology of Oyster mushroom.
4. Classify mushrooms based on structure and texture of fruiting bodies.
5. Spawn.
6. Economic importance of mushrooms.
7. Prepare any one mushroom recipe.
8. Preparation, Maintenance and storage of Spawn.
PART B (5X10=50 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.
9. (a). History and scope of mushroom cultivation
(OR)
(b). Explain about the typical morphology of mushroom and their parts.
10 (a). Classify the types of mushroom based on its occurrence, habitats and color of spores.
(OR)
(b). Differentiate the edible and poisonous mushrooms with examples.
11 (a). Write about the cultivation of Paddy straw mushrooms.
(OR)
(b). Discuss about the cultivation of Button mushrooms.
12 (a). What are mushroom toxins and write a note on illness caused by the toxins produced.
(OR)
(b). Give an account on the nutritional profile of mushrooms.
13(a). Write about the effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of Mushrooms.
(OR)
(b). Elaborate in detail about the post harvest management.

Microbiology Syllabus

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Microbiology Syllabus

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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

I{AAC 'A' GRADE

RDGISTRAR Telephone No: O863-23461 15

An one of the Cluster El Paner:

Microbial Biotechnologz: Scope and its applications

Microbial based transformation of steroids'

2. Pigment production from fungi / bacteria

Crueger W, Crueger A (1990) Biotechnolory: A text Book of Industrial

Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ. (1995) Principles

UNIT- I No' of Hours:8

Epiphytic fitness and its mechanism in plant pathogens' Hypersensitive.

Networking in biological systems, Quorum sensing

1. Extraction of metagenomic DNA from soil

2. To understand the impediments in extracting metagenomic DNA from

4. Case study to understand how the poliovirus genome was synthesized

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY TCBCS) SYLLABUS

UNIT-I No. of Hours: 6

Bright freld and dark field microscopy. Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase

UNIT.II No. ofHours: 8

UNIT. III No. ofHours: 8

UNIT- IV No. ofHours:5

UNIT- V No' ofHours: 8

Preparative and analytical centrifugation, fixed angle and

Klein's MicrobioloS'' gthEd'' McGraw Hill'

ACI{ARYA I{AGARJITN& UI{IIIER$I"Y: 1{AG'&&JUI{A

1!{Ep- 6S2.&, PIA& NOSTIC SeIC&0

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS:3

working of biosafety cabinets, using protective clothing, specification for BSL-

culture and microscopic methods - standard plate count, Most probable

Hazard, analysis of critical control point (HACCP) - Principles' flow diagrams'

MBP- 6O2B S!ICR&AII&L O{JALITY CSX?RO L X$ $'$Op AI{D

1. Microbiological laboratory safet5r- General rules & Regulations'

Cluster &lective tr : Pa$er- VXItr tllc

RDBMS - Definition of relational database

Unit V No' of Hours: 9

Diversity of Genomes: Viral, prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomes

&xBr- 602C sr&I1tF0 IeM3.? ICS

plant growth promoting bacteria, biofertilizers - symbiotic (Bradgrhizobium,

Biotech feed, silage, Biomanure, biogas, biofuels - advantages and processing

lWBp- 603 A l,lICROts&S I N $USr.&I$A&L& &iegx,?us?&

ACI{AIIYA NAGARJUNA 1}1{XIIEIiSI?Y: NAGARJUI{A I{AGAR-522 5 10

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS:3

Advantages of biofertlizers over chemical fertilizers. symbiotic Nz fixers:

inoculum production, field application

Importance of mycorrizal inoculum, types of mycorrhizae and associated

General account of microbes used as bioinsecticides and their advantages

*{ap- 603 e EIOrg RTTLIUSIAS &N D S;oppsficin&s

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS:2

1. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules'

2. Isolation of phosphate solubilizers from soil

4. A visit to biofertilizer production unit'

Classification Based on occurrence, natural habitats, color of spores,

Effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of mushrooms. crop

MEr- 60$ c MusK&oOM elrLTlV^e?IoS pR.{cfIcAL

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS:2

1. Microscopic and anatomical observations of different mushroom species. .

spawn in saline bottle and polypropylene bag and their multiplication

straw, banana leaves/waste'

(1991) Oyster Mushrooms, Department of Plant Patholory, Tamil Nadu

Answer any FIVE of the following questions

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary

SECTION B-(5 x 10 = 50marks)

Answer ALL of the following questions'

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary