SECOND DIVISION

[G.R. No. 188897. June 6, 2011.]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES , appellee, vs . IRENO BONAAGUA y

BERCE , appellant.

DECISION

PERALTA , J. p

Ireno Bonaagua (Ireno) seeks the reversal of the Decision 1 of the Court of
Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 03133 convicting him with three (3) counts of
Statutory Rape under Paragraph 2, Article 266-A of the Revised Penal Code (RPC), as
amended, in relation to Republic Act No. 7610 (R.A. No. 7610) and Acts of
Lasciviousness under Section 5 (b) of R.A. No. 7610.
The factual and procedural antecedents are as follows:
In four (4) separate Informations, Ireno was charged by the Of ce of the City
Prosecutor of Las Pias City with four (4) counts of Rape under Paragraph 2, Article
266-A of the RPC, as amended, in relation to R.A. No. 7610, for inserting his tongue and
his finger into the genital of his minor daughter, AAA. 2
The accusatory portion of the Information in Criminal Case No. 03-0254 against
Ireno reads:
That on or about the month of December 1998 in the City of Las Pias and within
the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, with abuse of
in uence and moral ascendancy, by means of force, threat and intimidation, did
then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously insert his tongue and nger
into the genital of his daughter, [AAA], a minor then eight (8) years of age, against
her will and consent.

CONTRARY TO LAW and with the special aggravating/qualifying circumstance of

minority of the private offended party, [AAA], being then only eight (8) years of
age and relationship of the said private offended party with the accused, Ireno
Bonaagua y Berce, the latter being the biological father of the former. 3

The Information in Criminal Case No. 03-0255 4 has the same accusatory
allegations while the Informations in Criminal Case No. 03-0256 5 and Criminal Case
No. 03-0257 6 are similarly worded, except for the date of the commission of the crime
and the age of AAA, which are December 2000 and ten (10) years old, respectively. DHTCaI

The cases were later consolidated 7 and upon his arraignment, Ireno pleaded not
guilty to the four (4) counts of rape with which he was charged. Consequently, trial on
the merits ensued.
At the trial, the prosecution presented the testimonies of the victim, AAA; the
victim's mother; and Dr. Melissa De Leon. The defense, on the other hand, presented the
lone testimony of the accused as evidence.
Evidence for the Prosecution
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 The prosecution established that in 1998, AAA and her mother left their house in
Candelaria, Quezon to spend the Christmas with accused-appellant in Las Pias
City. They stayed in the house of a certain Lola Jean, the godmother in the
wedding of her parents, at Sta. Cecilia Subdivision, Las Pias City.

AAA was inside a room lying in bed one afternoon while her younger brothers
were playing outside the house and her mother was not home. Accused-appellant
entered the room. He approached her, rolled her shirt upward, and removed her
shorts and panty. She tried to resist by putting her clothes back on, but her
father's strength prevailed. Thereafter, accused-appellant touched and caressed
her breasts. He licked her vagina then inserted his finger into it.

In the evening of the same day, the accused-appellant raped AAA again in the
same manner and under the same circumstances. AAA did not tell her mother that
she was raped because accused-appellant threatened to kill her mother by placing
the latter's body in a drum and have it cemented if she would report the incidents.
She returned to Quezon with her mother before the end of the Christmas season.

In December 1999, AAA was raped by accused-appellant for the third time when
he went to Candelaria, Quezon. In December 2000, AAA and her mother spent the
Yuletide season with accused-appellant in Pulanglupa, Las Pias City. In a single
day, AAA was raped for the fourth and fth time. While spending the afternoon
inside her father's room at the car-wash station, he removed her shorts and panty
then proceeded to touch and insert his nger into her vagina. Accused-appellant
repeated the same sexual assault shortly thereafter. AAA again did not report
these incidents for fear that her mother would be killed and cemented inside a
drum.

On January 26, 2001, AAA complained of severe abdominal pain which prompted
her mother to take her to Gregg Hospital in Sariaya, Quezon. AAA was transferred
to the Quezon Memorial Hospital in Lucena City where Dr. Melissa De Leon
performed on her a physical examination. The results revealed that there was a
healed super cial laceration at the 9 o'clock position on the hymen of AAA. This
medical nding forced AAA to reveal to her mother all the incidents of rape
committed by accused-appellant.

After being discharged from the hospital, AAA's mother took her to the Police
Headquarters of Sariaya, Quezon to le a complaint for rape against accused-
appellant. AAA's mother also took her to the of ce of the National Bureau of
Investigation in Legaspi City where she executed a sworn statement against
accused-appellant. 8

Evidence for the Defense

Accused-appellant denied committing the charges of rape hurled against him. He
claimed to be working in Las Pias City while AAA, her mother and siblings where
(sic) in Sariaya, Quezon at the time the alleged rapes occurred. While he admitted
that there were times when AAA and her mother would visit him in Las Pias City,
he nonetheless averred that they would leave on the same day they arrived after
he gives them money. aSIHcT

Accused-appellant asserted further that the charges of rape against him were
fabricated by AAA's mother, who suspected him of having an affair with another
woman in Las Pias City. 9

On August 6, 2007, the Regional Trial Court (RTC), after nding the evidence for
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 the prosecution overwhelming against the accused's defense of denial and alibi,
rendered a Decision 1 0 convicting Ireno with four (4) counts of Rape, the dispositive
portion of which reads:
WHEREFORE , premises considered, there being proof beyond reasonable doubt
that accused IRENO BONAAGUA, has committed four (4) counts of RAPE under
par. 2 of Article 266-A of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, in relation to R.A.
7610, as charged, the Court hereby pronounced him GUILTY and sentences him to
suffer the penalty of RECLUSION PERPETUA for each case and to pay private
complainant [AAA], the amount of Php50,000 for each case, or a total of
Php200,000, by way of civil indemnity plus Php50,000 for each case or a total of
Php200,000 as moral damages.

Costs against the accused.

SO ORDERED. 1 1

Aggrieved, Ireno appealed the Decision before the CA, which appeal was later docketed as
CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 03133.
On March 31, 2009, the CA rendered a Decision 1 2 af rming the decision of the
RTC with modi cations on the imposable penalty in Criminal Case Nos. 03-0254, 03-
0256, and 03-0257, and nding Ireno guilty of Acts of Lasciviousness under Section 5
(b) of R.A. No. 7610, instead of Rape, in Criminal Case Nos. 03-0255, the decretal
portion of which reads:
WHEREFORE , the Decision of the Regional Trial Court of Las Pias City, Branch
254, nding Ireno Bonaagua y Berce guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime
of rape is AFFIRMED with MODIFICATIONS :
1. Ireno Bonaagua y Berce is hereby sentenced to suffer the
indeterminate penalty of 12 years of prision mayor, as minimum, to 20
years of reclusion temporal, as maximum, for each rape in Criminal Case
Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256 and 03-0257 and is ordered to pay AAA the amount
of P25,000.00 as exemplary damages in each case, apart from the civil
indemnity and moral damages that have already been awarded by the trial
court;
2. Ireno Bonaagua y Berce is hereby held guilty beyond reasonable
doubt of the crime of acts of lasciviousness in Criminal Case No. 03-0255,
with relationship as an aggravating circumstance. He is, accordingly,
sentenced to suffer the indeterminate penalty of 12 years and 1 day to 17
years and 4 months of reclusion temporal in its minimum and medium
periods and ordered to pay AAA the amount of PhP15,000 as moral
damages and a fine of PhP15,000.00.
SO ORDERED. 13

In ne, the CA found Ireno's defense of denial and alibi inherently weak against
the positive identi cation of AAA that he was the culprit of the horrid deed. Thus, aside
from modifying the imposable penalty in Criminal Case Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256 and 03-
0257, the CA af rmed the decision of the RTC nding Ireno guilty of the crime of Rape
Through Sexual Assault. ICAcHE

In Criminal Case No. 03-0255, however, after a diligent review of the evidence
adduced by the prosecution, the CA only found Ireno guilty of the crime of Acts of
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 Lasciviousness under Section 5 (b) of R.A. No. 7610. The CA opined that since the
prosecution failed to establish the act of insertion by Ireno of his nger into the vagina
of AAA, Ireno could only be found guilty of Acts of Lasciviousness, a crime which is
necessarily included in the Information filed against him in Criminal Case No. 03-0255.
Ireno now comes before this Court for relief.
In a Resolution 1 4 dated December 16, 2009, the Court informed the parties that they may
file their respective supplemental briefs if they so desire. In their respective
Manifestations, 1 5 the parties waived the filing of their supplemental briefs and, instead,
adopted their respective briefs filed before the CA.
Hence, Ireno raises the lone error:
I
THE COURT A QUO GRAVELY ERRED IN FINDING THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT
GUILTY OF THE CRIME OF RAPE DESPITE THE PROSECUTION'S FAILURE TO
PROVE HIS GUILT BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT. 1 6

Simply put, Ireno maintains that the testimony of AAA was replete with
inconsistencies and was extremely unbelievable. Ireno insists that the allegation that he
inserted his tongue and nger into the genital of AAA was manifestly incredible as the
deed is physiologically impossible. Moreover, the medical ndings are grossly
inconclusive to prove that AAA was raped, since it only established that there was only
one healed superficial laceration.
This Court, however, nds the arguments raised by Ireno untenable. To determine
the innocence or guilt of the accused in rape cases, the courts are guided by three well-
entrenched principles: (1) an accusation of rape can be made with facility and while the
accusation is dif cult to prove, it is even more dif cult for the accused, though
innocent, to disprove; (2) considering that in the nature of things, only two persons are
usually involved in the crime of rape, the testimony of the complainant should be
scrutinized with great caution; and (3) the evidence for the prosecution must stand or
fall on its own merits and cannot be allowed to draw strength from the weakness of the
evidence for the defense. 1 7
After perusing the testimony of the victim, AAA, the prosecution has indubitably
established that Ireno was the one who sexually assaulted her. AAA categorically
narrated that Ireno sexually abused her on several occasions and even threatened AAA
that he would kill her mother if she would report the incidents. cdasia

Time and again, this Court has consistently held that in rape cases, the evaluation
of the credibility of witnesses is best addressed to the sound discretion of the trial
judge whose conclusion thereon deserves much weight and respect because the judge
had the direct opportunity to observe them on the stand and ascertain if they were
telling the truth or not. Generally, appellate courts will not interfere with the trial court's
assessment in this regard, absent any indication or showing that the trial court has
overlooked some material facts of substance or value, or gravely abused its discretion.
18

It is well entrenched in this jurisdiction that when the offended parties are young
and immature girls, as in this case, courts are inclined to lend credence to their version
of what transpired, considering not only their relative vulnerability, but also the shame
and embarrassment to which they would be exposed if the matter about which they
testi ed were not true. 1 9 A young girl would not usually concoct a tale of de oration;
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 publicly admit having been ravished and her honor tainted; allow the examination of her
private parts; and undergo all the trouble and inconvenience, not to mention the trauma
and scandal of a public trial, had she not in fact been raped and been truly moved to
protect and preserve her honor, and motivated by the desire to obtain justice for the
wicked acts committed against her. 2 0 Moreover, the Court has repeatedly held that the
lone testimony of the victim in a rape case, if credible, is enough to sustain a conviction.
21

Moreover, contrary to Ireno's contention, the medical ndings of Dr. Melissa De

Leon did not refute AAA's testimony of de lement, but instead bolstered her claim. The
RTC correctly concluded:
It is true that Dr. Melissa De Leon, when called to the witness stand to
substantiate the same medical certi cation, did not rule out the possibility that
the laceration might have been inflicted through some other causes and that there
could have been only one instance of nger insertion into the vagina of private
complainant. However, it is equally true that Dr. De Leon also did not rule out the
possibility that nger insertion might have been the cause of the laceration (pp. 7-
12, TSN, January 31, 2006). Dr. De Leon also clari ed that only one laceration
may be in icted although a nger is inserted into the vagina on separate
instances (pp. 19-26, supra). According to Dr. De Leon, this instance depends on
the force exerted into the vagina and on whether or not the hymen is membranous
or rm and thick. A membranous hymen is easily lacerated and so when a force
is exerted into it on several occasions, several lacerations may occur. A thick and
rm hymen is not easily lacerated and so a force exerted into it on several
occasions may cause only one laceration. Private complainant has thick and rm
hymen and this may explain why there is only (sic) laceration on her hymen
although she claimed her father inserted into her vagina his nger several times
(pp. 19-29, supra).
This non-categorical stance of Dr. De Leon is nonetheless understandable
because Dr. De Leon has no personal knowledge of what actually happened to
private complainant that she (complainant) suffered hymenal laceration.
However, there is one thing very certain though in the testimony of Dr. De Leon
that she medically examined [AAA], herein private complainant, because of the
information that [AAA] was sexually abused by her [AAA's] own father (pp. 5-6,
supra). And indeed, as already discussed lengthily above, there is no reason to
doubt the veracity of AAA's allegation. 2 2
CcAHEI

The same conclusion was also arrived at by the CA, to wit:

While the medico-legal ndings showed a single healed super cial laceration on
the hymen of AAA, Dr. De Leon clari ed that it is not impossible for a hymen to
sustain only one laceration despite the fact that a nger had been inserted into
the vagina on several accounts. This situation may arise depending on the force
extended into the vagina and on whether or not the hymen of the victim is
membranous or rm and thick. A membranous hymen is easily lacerated; thus,
when a force is exerted into it on several occasions, several lacerations may
occur. On the other hand, a thick and rm hymen is not easily lacerated; a force
exerted into it on several occasions may cause only one laceration. According to
Dr. De Leon, AAA has thick and rm hymen and this may explain why it has only
one laceration despite her claim that accused-appellant inserted his nger inside
her vagina several times. 2 3

Even Ireno's contention that the charges against him were merely fabricated by
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 his wife because she suspects that he is having an affair with another woman deserves
scant consideration. Aside from the fact that the said allegation was not proved, it
must be emphasized that no member of a rape victim's family would dare encourage
the victim to publicly expose the dishonor to the family unless the crime was in fact
committed, especially in this case where the victim and the offender are relatives. 2 4 It
is unnatural for a mother to use her daughter as an engine of malice, especially if it will
subject her child to embarrassment and lifelong stigma. 2 5
Also, Ireno cannot likewise rely on the Af davit of Desistance stating that AAA
and her mother are no longer interested in pursuing the case filed against him.
Rape is no longer a crime against chastity for it is now classi ed as a crime
against persons. 2 6 Consequently, rape is no longer considered a private crime or that
which cannot be prosecuted, except upon a complaint led by the aggrieved party.
Hence, pardon by the offended party of the offender in the crime of rape will not
extinguish the offender's criminal liability. Moreover, an Af davit of Desistance even
when construed as a pardon in the erstwhile "private crime" of rape is not a ground
for the dismissal of the criminal cases, since the actions have already been instituted.
To justify the dismissal of the complaints, the pardon should have been made prior to
the institution of the criminal actions. 2 7 As correctly concluded by the CA, the said
af davit was executed in connection with another accusation of rape which Ireno
committed against AAA in Candelaria, Quezon and not the four cases of rape subject of
this appeal. In addition, AAA's mother testi ed that she executed the said af davit to
regain custody of her children who were brought to Bicol by Ireno's siblings. 2 8
It has been repeatedly held by this Court that it looks with disfavor on af davits
of desistance. As cited in People v. Alcazar , 2 9 the rationale for this was extensively
discussed in People v. Junio: 3 0 EIcSTD

. . . We have said in so many cases that retractions are generally unreliable and
are looked upon with considerable disfavor by the courts. The unreliable character
of this document is shown by the fact that it is quite incredible that after going
through the process of having the [appellant] arrested by the police, positively
identifying him as the person who raped her, enduring the humiliation of a
physical examination of her private parts, and then repeating her accusations in
open court by recounting her anguish, [the rape victim] would suddenly turn
around and declare that [a]fter a careful deliberation over the case, (she) nd(s)
that the same does not merit or warrant criminal prosecution.
Thus, we have declared that at most the retraction is an afterthought which
should not be given probative value. It would be a dangerous rule to reject the
testimony taken before the court of justice simply because the witness who gave
it later on changed his mind for one reason or another. Such a rule [would] make a
solemn trial a mockery and place the investigation at the mercy of unscrupulous
witnesses. Because af davits of retraction can easily be secured from poor and
ignorant witnesses, usually for monetary consideration, the Court has invariably
regarded such affidavits as exceedingly unreliable. 3 1

Amidst the overwhelming evidence against him, Ireno offered nothing but his
bare denial of the accusations against him and that he was someplace else when the
dastardly acts were committed. No jurisprudence in criminal law is more settled than
that alibi is the weakest of all defenses, for it is easy to contrive and dif cult to
disprove, and for which reason it is generally rejected. 3 2 It has been consistently held
that denial and alibi are the most common defenses in rape cases. Denial could not
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 prevail over complainant's direct, positive and categorical assertion. As between a
positive and categorical testimony which has the ring of truth, on one hand, and a bare
denial, on the other, the former is generally held to prevail. 3 3 All said, as found by the
CA, the prosecution has convincingly proved and more than suf ciently established
that: (1) Ireno committed the accusations of Rape Through Sexual Assault against AAA
in Criminal Cases Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256, and 03-0257; (2) that AAA was a minor when
Ireno committed the sexual assault against her; 3 4 and (3) that Ireno was the biological
father of AAA. 3 5
Verily, in criminal cases, an examination of the entire records of a case may be
explored for the purpose of arriving at a correct conclusion, as an appeal in criminal
cases throws the whole case open for review, it being the duty of the court to correct
such error as may be found in the judgment appealed from. 3 6 Since the CA found Ireno
guilty of Acts of Lasciviousness under Section 5 (b) of R.A. No. 7610 in Criminal Case
No. 03-0255 instead of rape, the Court should thus determine whether the evidence
presented by the prosecution was sufficient to establish that the intentional touching of
the victim by Ireno constitutes lascivious conduct and whether the CA imposed the
appropriate penalties.
As aptly found by the CA:
A diligent review of the evidence adduced by the prosecution, however, shows that
accused-appellant cannot be held guilty as charged for the crime of rape in
Criminal Case No. 03-0255. The prosecution failed to establish insertion by
accused-appellant of his nger into the vagina of AAA, who testi ed on direct
examination that accused-appellant "touched my private part and licked it but he
did not insert his nger inside my vagina ." In fact, even the trial court asked
AAA if accused-appellant inserted his nger inside her vagina. She answered in
the negative and averred that he licked her vagina and touched her breasts. In
reply to the prosecution's query if accused-appellant did anything else aside from
licking her organ, she said he also touched it. During cross-examination, AAA
testi ed that accused-appellant "merely touched her vagina but did not insert his
finger." 3 7 EDCcaS

Section 5 (b), Article III of R.A. No. 7610, de nes and penalizes acts of
lasciviousness committed against a child as follows:
Section 5. Child Prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse. Children, whether
male or female, who for money, pro t, or any other consideration or due to the
coercion or in uence of any adult , syndicate or group, indulge in sexual
intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be children exploited in
prostitution and other sexual abuse.
xxx xxx xxx

(b) Those who commit the act of sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct
with a child exploited in prostitution or subject to other sexual abuse; Provided,
That when the victims is under twelve (12) years of age, the perpetrators shall be
prosecuted under Article 335, paragraph 3, for rape and Article 336 of Act No.
3815, as amended, the Revised Penal Code, for rape or lascivious conduct, as the
case may be: Provided, That the penalty for lascivious conduct when the victim is
under twelve (12) years of age shall be reclusion temporal in its medium period.
38

Paragraph (b) punishes sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct not only with a
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 child exploited in prostitution, but also with a child subjected to other sexual abuses. It
covers not only a situation where a child is abused for pro t, but also where one
through coercion, intimidation or in uence engages in sexual intercourse or
lascivious conduct with a child. 3 9
However, pursuant to the foregoing provision, before an accused can be
convicted of child abuse through lascivious conduct committed against a minor below
12 years of age, the requisites for acts of lasciviousness under Article 336 of the RPC
must be met in addition to the requisites for sexual abuse under Section 5 of R.A. No.
7610. 4 0
Acts of Lasciviousness, as defined in Article 336 of the RPC, has the following elements:
(1) That the offender commits any act of lasciviousness or lewdness;
(2) That it is done under any of the following circumstances:
a. By using force or intimidation; or

b. When the offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise

unconscious; or

c. When the offended party is under 12 years of age; and

(3) That the offended party is another person of either sex. 4 1

In addition, the following elements of sexual abuse under Section 5, Article III of R.A. No.
7610 must be established: ADCETI

1. The accused commits the act of sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct.

2. The said act is performed with a child exploited in prostitution or subjected
to other sexual abuse.
3. The child, whether male or female, is below 18 years of age. 4 2

Corollarilly, Section 2 (h) of the rules and regulations 43 of R.A. No. 7610 de nes
"Lascivious conduct" as:
[T]he intentional touching, either directly or through clothing, of the genitalia,
anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks, or the introduction of any object into
the genitalia, anus or mouth, of any person, whether of the same or opposite sex,
with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual
desire of any person, bestiality, masturbation, lascivious exhibition of the genitals
or pubic area of a person. 4 4

Undeniably, all the afore-stated elements are present in Criminal Case No. 03-
0255. Ireno committed lascivious acts against AAA by touching her breasts and licking
her vagina and the lascivious or lewd acts were committed against AAA, who was 8
years old at the time as established by her birth certi cate. 4 5 Thus, the CA correctly
found Ireno guilty of the crime of Acts of Lasciviousness under Section 5 (b) of R.A. No.
7610.
It must be emphasized, however, that like in the crime of rape whereby the
slightest penetration of the male organ or even its slightest contact with the outer lip or
the labia majora of the vagina already consummates the crime, in like manner, if the
tongue, in an act of cunnilingus, touches the outer lip of the vagina, the act should also
be considered as already consummating the crime of rape through sexual assault, not
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 the crime of acts of lasciviousness. Notwithstanding, in the present case, such logical
interpretation could not be applied. It must be pointed out that the victim testi ed that
Ireno only touched her private part and licked it, but did not insert his nger in her
vagina. This testimony of the victim, however, is open to various interpretation, since it
cannot be identi ed what speci c part of the vagina was de led by Ireno. Thus, in
conformity with the principle that the guilt of an accused must be proven beyond
reasonable doubt, the statement cannot be the basis for convicting Ireno with the crime
of rape through sexual assault.
Penalties and Award of Damages
Having found Ireno guilty beyond reasonable doubt of Rape Through Sexual
Assault in Criminal Case Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256, and 03-0257 and Acts of
Lasciviousness in Criminal Case No. 03-0255, We shall proceed to determine the
appropriate penalties imposable for each offense.
Criminal Case Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256, and 03-0257
Under Article 266-B of the RPC, the penalty for rape by sexual assault is reclusion
temp oral "if the rape is committed by any of the 10 aggravating/qualifying
circumstances mentioned in this article." 4 6 In Criminal Case Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256,
and 03-0257, the aggravating/qualifying circumstance of minority and relationship are
present, considering that the rape was committed by a parent against his minor child.
Reclusion temporal ranges from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years.
Applying the Indeterminate Sentence Law, the maximum term of the
indeterminate penalty shall be that which could be properly imposed under the RPC.
Other than the aggravating/qualifying circumstances of minority and relationship which
have been taken into account to raise the penalty to reclusion temporal, 4 7 no other
aggravating circumstance was alleged and proven. Hence, the penalty shall be imposed
in its medium period, 4 8 or fourteen (14) years, eight (8) months and one (1) day to
seventeen (17) years and four (4) months. HaDEIc

On the other hand, the minimum term of the indeterminate sentence should be
within the range of the penalty next lower in degree than that prescribed by the Code
which is prision mayor or six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years. 4 9 Thus,
Ireno should be meted the indeterminate penalty of ten (10) years of prision mayor, as
minimum, to seventeen (17) years and four (4) months of reclusion temporal, as
maximum.
It must be clari ed, however, that the reasoning expounded by the Court in the
recent case of People v. Armando Chingh y Parcia , 5 0 for imposing upon the accused
the higher penalty provided in Section 5 (b), Article III of R.A. No. 7610, has no
application in the case at bar. In the said case, the Court, acknowledging the fact that to
impose the lesser penalty would be unfair to the child victim, meted upon the accused
the higher penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period as provided in Section 5
(b), Article III of R.A. No. 7610, instead of the lesser penalty of prision mayor prescribed
by Article 266-B for rape by sexual assault under paragraph 2, Article 266-A of the RPC.
The Court elucidated:
In this case, the offended party was ten years old at the time of the commission
of the offense. Pursuant to the above-quoted provision of law, Armando was aptly
prosecuted under Art. 266-A, par. 2 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended by
R.A. No. 8353, for Rape Through Sexual Assault. However, instead of applying the
penalty prescribed therein, which is prision mayor, considering that VVV was
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 below 12 years of age, and considering further that Armando's act of inserting his
nger in VVV's private part undeniably amounted to lascivious conduct, the
appropriate imposable penalty should be that provided in Section 5 (b), Article III
of R.A. No. 7610, which is reclusion temporal in its medium period.
The Court is not unmindful to the fact that the accused who commits acts of
lasciviousness under Art. 366 in relation to Section 5 (b), Article III of R.A. No.
7610, suffers the more severe penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period
than the one who commits Rape Through Sexual Assault, which is merely
punishable by prision mayor. This is undeniably unfair to the child victim. To be
sure, it was not the intention of the framers of R.A. No. 8353 to have disallowed
the applicability of R.A. No. 7610 to sexual abuses committed to children. Despite
the passage of RA No. 8353, R.A. No. 7610 is still good law, which must be
applied when the victims are children or those "persons below eighteen (18) years
of age or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect
themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of
a physical or mental disability or condition."

In the present case, the factual milieu was different since the offender, Ireno, is
the father of the minor victim. Hence, the offenses were committed with the
aggravating/qualifying circumstances of minority and relationship, attendant
circumstances which were not present in the Chingh case, which in turn, warrants the
imposition of the higher penalty of reclusion temporal prescribed by Article 266-B of
the RPC. Considering that the RPC already prescribes such penalty, the rationale of
unfairness to the child victim that Chingh wanted to correct is absent. Hence, there is
no more need to apply the penalty prescribed by R.A. No. 7610.
As to civil liabilities, the damages awarded in the form of civil indemnity in the
amount of P50,000.00 and moral damages, also in the amount of P50,000.00, for each
count of Rape must be both reduced to P30,000.00, respectively, in line with current
jurisprudence. 5 1 Also, the amount of exemplary damages awarded in the amount of
P25,000.00 must be increased to P30,000.00 for each count of Rape. 5 2 EDACSa

Criminal Case No. 03-0255

It is beyond cavil that when the sexual abuse was committed by Ireno, AAA was
only eight (8) years old. Hence, the provisions of R.A. No. 7610, or The Special
Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act, should
be applied.
Thus, the appropriate imposable penalty should be that provided in Section 5 (b),
Article III of R.A. No. 7610, which is reclusion temporal in its medium period which is
fourteen (14) years, eight (8) months and one (1) day to seventeen (17) years and four
(4) months. As the crime was committed by the father of the offended party, the
alternative circumstance of relationship should be appreciated. In crimes against
chastity, such as Acts of Lasciviousness, relationship is always aggravating. 5 3
Therefore, Ireno should be meted the indeterminate penalty of thirteen (13) years, nine
(9) months and eleven (11) days of reclusion temporal, as minimum, to sixteen (16)
years, five (5) months and ten (10) days of reclusion temporal, as maximum.
Moreover, the award in the amount of P15,000.00 as moral damages and a ne
in the amount of P15,000.00, is proper in line with current jurisprudence. 5 4 However,
civil indemnity ex delicto in the amount of P20,000.00 should also be awarded. 5 5 In
view of the presence of the aggravating circumstance of relationship, the amount of
P15,000.00 as exemplary damages should likewise be awarded. 5 6
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 WHEREFORE , premises considered, the Decision of the Court of Appeals, dated
March 31, 2009 in CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 03133, is AFFIRMED with MODIFICATIONS :
1. I n Criminal Case Nos. 03-0254, 03-0256, and 03-0257, IRENO
BONAAGUA y BERCE is hereby sentenced to suffer the indeterminate penalty of ten
(10) years of prision mayor, as minimum, to seventeen (17) years and four (4) months
of reclusion temporal, as maximum, for each count. He is likewise ordered to pay AAA
the amounts of P30,000.00 as civil indemnity, P30,000.00 as moral damages, and
P30,000.00 as exemplary damages for each count of Quali ed Rape Through Sexual
Assault or a total of P90,000.00 for each count.
2. In Criminal Case No. 03-0255, IRENO BONAAGUA y BERCE is meted
to suffer the indeterminate penalty of thirteen (13) years, nine (9) months and eleven
(11) days of reclusion temporal, as minimum, to sixteen (16) years, ve (5) months and
ten (10) days of reclusion temporal, as maximum. In addition to moral damages and
ne, he is likewise ordered to pay P20,000.00 as civil indemnity and P15,000.00 as
exemplary damages.
SO ORDERED . EaCSHI

Carpio, Nachura, Abad and Mendoza, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

1. Penned by Associate Justice Mariano C. del Castillo (now a member of this Court), with
Associate Justices Isaias P. Dicdican and Ramon M. Bato, Jr., concurring; rollo, pp. 2-19.
2. The identity of the victim or any information to establish or compromise her identity, as
well as those of her immediate family or household members, shall be withheld pursuant
to Republic Act No. 7610, "An Act Providing for Stronger Deterrence and Special
Protection Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination, and for Other
Purposes"; Republic Act No. 9262, "An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their
Children, Providing for Protective Measures for Victims, Prescribing Penalties Therefor,
and for Other Purposes"; Section 40 of A.M. No. 04-10-11-SC, known as the "Rule on
Violence Against Women and Their Children," effective November 5, 2004; and People v.
Cabalquinto, G.R. No. 167693, September 19, 2006, 502 SCRA 419.
3. Records, Criminal Case No. 03-0254, pp. 4-5.
4. Records, Criminal Case No. 03-0255, pp. 1-3

5. Records, Criminal Case No. 03-0256, pp. 1-3.

6. Records, Criminal Case No. 03-0255, pp. 1-3.

7. Records, Criminal Case No. 03-0254, p. 39.

8. Rollo, pp. 4-6.

9. Id. at 6-7.
10. CA rollo, pp. 12-32.

11. Id. at 32.

12. Rollo, pp. 2-19.
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 13. Id. at 18-19.
14. Id. at 34-35.
15. Id. at 36-38; 41-43.
16. CA rollo, p. 52.

17. People v. Perez, G.R. No. 182924, December 24, 2008, 575 SCRA 653, 664-665.
18. People v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 186494, September 15, 2010, 630 SCRA 622, 632.
19. Flordeliz v. People, G.R. No. 186441, March 3, 2010, 614 SCRA 225, 234.
20. People v. Matunhay, G.R. No. 178274, March 5, 2010, 614 SCRA 307, 316-317.
21. Id. at 317, citing People v. Quianola, 366 Phil. 390 (1999).
22. CA rollo, pp. 29-30.
23. Rollo, pp. 11-12.
24. People v. Flores, 448 Phil. 840, 855-846 (2003).
25. People v. Ibarrientos, 476 Phil. 493, 512 (2004).
26. Republic Act No. 8353.

27. People v. Montes, 461 Phil. 563, 584 (2003).

28. Rollo, p. 11.
29. Supra note 18, at 635-636.
30. G.R. No. 110990, October 28, 1994, 237 SCRA 826.
31. Id. at 834. (Emphasis omitted.)
32. People v. Balunsat, G.R. No. 176743, July 28, 2010, 626 SCRA 77, 97-98.
33. Supra note 20, at 317.
34. Record, Criminal Case No. 03-0254, pp. 48 and 107.

35. Id.; TSN, June 13, 2006, p. 6.

36. Gelig v. People, G.R. No. 173150, July 28, 2010, 626 SCRA 48, 49.
37. Rollo, p. 13. (Emphasis theirs).
38. Emphasis supplied.

39. Flordeliz v. People, supra note 19, at 240.

40. Navarrete v. People, G.R. No. 147913, January 31, 2007, 513 SCRA 509, 517.
41. Flordeliz v. People, supra note 19, at 240-241; Navarrete v. People, supra.
42. Malto v. People, G.R. No. 164733, September 21, 2007, 533 SCRA 643, 656; Navarrete v.
People, supra note 40, at 521; Olivares v. Court of Appeals, 503 Phil. 421, 431 (2005).
43. Rules and Regulations on the Reporting and Investigation of Child Abuse Cases
(adopted on October 11, 1993).
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 44. Flordeliz v. People, supra note 19, at 241, citing Navarrete v. People, supra note 40, at
521-522; Olivarez v. Court of Appeals, supra note 42, at 431-432; People v. Bon, 444 Phil.
571, 584 (2003).

45. Record, Criminal Case No. 03-0254, p. 107.

46. ART. 266-B. Penalties. . . .

xxx xxx xxx

1. When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a parent,
ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third
civil degree, or the common law spouse of the parent of the victim.

47. Flordeliz v. People, supra note 19, at 243.

48. Revised Penal Code, Art. 64, Par. 1.
49. Supra note 19, at 243.
50. G.R. No. 178323, March 16, 2011.
51. People v. Alfonso, G.R. No. 182094, August 18, 2010, 628 SCRA 431, 452-453.
52. Id. at 452, citing People v. Lindo, 627 SCRA 519, 533 (2010).
53. People v. Montinola, G.R. No. 178061, January 31, 2008, 543 SCRA 412, 432.
54. Id.; People v. Candaza, G.R. No. 170474, June 16, 2006, 491 SCRA 280; Olivares v. Court
of Appeals, supra note 42.
55. Flordeliz v. People, supra note 19, at 243; People v. Palma, 463 Phil. 767 (2003).
56. Flordeliz v. People, supra.

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