17/11/2017

Act on
senses of
a

Altered states of conscious

being

consciousness An awareness of the different stimuli in the environment

Marian M. Lagundino, MA
Instructor
Consciousness

Resulting from using any number of procedures (meditation,

psychoactive drugs, hypnosis or sleep deprivation) to produce
awareness that differs from normal consciousness

Sleep, dreams,
hypnosis, psychoactive Sleep
drugs, paranormal
phenomena Suprachiasmatic nucleus:
controls the biological clock
of the person

State of our awareness when we do not have a full grasp and Circadian rhythm: biological
apprehension of all the stimuli in the environment that are clock
acting on our senses.
Can be
ALTERED state of consciousness adjusted

Activation of the
suprachiasmatic nucleus
in the hypothalamus

Pineal gland
Back of brainstem

Secretion of melatonin

Melatonin increases

Sleepiness

Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Sleep

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Sleep Sleep
High level of REM sleep NREM sleep
melatonin Rapid Eye Movement Non-Rapid Eye Movement
Mind is active Persons body is free to
Dreams are occurring move around
High level of
Voluntary muscles are
serotonin inhibited

Lower temperature

http://www.angelfire.com/journal/ldps/SleepingDisorders.htm

Stage 1
Initial stage
Stage 2
Deeper sleep
Stage 3
Sleep going deeper
Stage 4
Deepest level of sleep
Sleep disorders
Light sleep Body temp diminishes Delta waves Delta waves
Theta waves Heart rate slows down
Sleep spindles in brain
waves

Nightmares Night terrors Somnambulism

Circadian
rhythm sleep Narcolepsy Insomnia
disorder

Hypersomnia Sleep apnea

Dreams

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Dreams Dreams
Smith et al (2003): Dreaming is an altered state of Some people are not able
consciousness in which picture stories are constructed based to recall a dream
on memories and current concerns, or on fantasies and
images Some people can vividly
recall a dream
Freud: dream is a form of wish fulfilment of impulses that are
not acceptable to the ego Awakened during the REM sleep
Also affected by the persons
motivation to recall dreams and
interest in dreams

Dreams
Dreams have meanings

Freud:
Manifest content: dreams that we consciously recall after
waking up is only the surface level
Latent content: dreams that are in the deeper, unconscious
level, where the true meaning of a dream lies

A dream is directly related to things going on in our lives during Hypnosis

the day: DAY RESIDUE

Hypnosis
An altered state of
consciousness during
which an individual is
placed under the control of
a hypnotist who influences
his behavior
People who are
suggestible, willing and
cooperative are easily
hypnotized
Hypnosis
Person being hypnotized
focuses all attention on the
hypnotists voice
May be asked to focus
attention on a certain object
in the environment

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Hypnosis
Hypnotist tells the subject
that his eyes are becoming
heavier and he will feel
sleepy and close his eyes
This method will little by
little induce a relaxed state
on the subject as
suggested
Hypnosis
Hypnotized state
Ability to plan ceases
Attention becomes more
selective than usual
Enriched fantasy is readily
evoked
Reality testing is reduced
and reality distortion is
accepted
Suggestibility is increased
Post-hypnotic amnesia is
present

Hypnosis
1. Relief from pain
2. Enhancement of memory
3. Improvement of self-
confidence
4. Relaxation
5. Psychotherapeutic value

Meditation

Meditation
Coon (2003): meditation is a mental exercise for producing
relaxation or heightened awareness

Concentrative meditation: subject is asked to concentrate

on a single stimulus

Receptive meditation: open and more encompassing