PLANNING 1

SITE DEVELOPMENT
 Site Planning
Site planning is the organization of the external
physical environment to accommodate human
behavior. It deals with the qualities and locations
of land, structures, activities, and living things. It
creates a pattern of those elements in space and
time, which will be subject to continuous future
management and change. The technical output -
grading plans, utility layout, survey locations,
planting plans, sketches, diagrams, and
specificationsare simply a conventional way of
specifying this complex organization.
Data Requirements: Site Planning
DATA REQUIREMENT SITE PLANNING - locating activities and facilities that support
them in specific sites
a. Topography A slope map is used in preparing grading plans in support of
- Geographic Location different activities. Developments become more economical in
- Slope Maps situations that require less earth movement.
- Surface Drainage
b. Climatic Data Data is useful in creating micro-climates in the site. Orientation
- Prevailing Winds of buildings, shading patterns, etc. Rainfall data and
- Rainfall temperature ranges can help site planner in determining
- Temperature building materials that would maintain a desired temperature
and humidity range in support of certain activities.

c. Soil Type Data is useful in determining plant species for certain outdoor
activities. Data is also used in engineering design.
d. Hydrogeologic Map Data is useful in planning location of activities and support
- Types of Geologic Rock facilities. For example, location of bedrock formation may be
- Fault Lines utilized as a useful landscape element in a site for tourism
- Groundwater development.
e. Infrastructure Facilities Roads, pedestrian lanes, bicycle lanes may be planned once
user activities have been established. Electrical, water supply,
storm drainage, and sewerage layouts are likewise planned
once the site plan has been prepared.
 When to do Site Planning
A client has an intended use in mind (the project has been
identified) and has identified a site (site is available). The site
planner proceeds with the planning process.

A client has an intended use in mind (the project has been

identified) but does not know where to build the project (site
is not available). In this case, a site planner is commissioned
to identify an appropriate site based on the needs of the client
and plan the property.

A client has a piece of property (site is available) but does

not know what to do with it (the project has not been
identified). In this case, a site planner is commissioned to
determine the best use for the property and plan it.
 Site Planning Process
(SOURCE: ANNE BEER)

CLIENT WANTS TO DEVELOP A SITE

TECHNICAL TEAM IS ASSEMBLED

KEY ISSUES ARE IDENTIFIED ALTERNATIVE SITE IS EXAMINED

DISCUSSIONS WITH LOCAL PLANNERS AND STAKEHOLDERS ARE HELD

SITE INVENTORY AND

ASSESSMENT PRESENT AND FUTURE USER NEEDS

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES SITE POTENTIAL ASSESSED

ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS EXAMINED

SITE DEVELOPMENT
PLAN IS PREPARED

PLANNING APPROVAL SOUGHT BY CLIENT

DESIGN AND SITE MANAGEMENT BRIEFS ARE DEVELOPED

 Site Planning Process
PROJECT POTENTIALS & DETERMINING UNCOVERING UNCOVERING UNCOVERING DATA
IDENTIFICATION / CONSTRAINTS NEEDS PLANNING PLANNING PLANNING PROCESSING &
GOAL SETTING CONCEPTS STANDARDS LAWS & ANALYSIS
REGULATIONS TECHNIQUES
SITUATIONAL EXISTING LAND INDOOR & ENVIRONMENT SPACE (EASEMENTS, ADJACENCY
ANALYSIS USE AND OUTDOOR RELATED REQUIREMENTS OPEN SPACE, MATRICES
ZONING SPACE CONCEPTS BUILDABLE
COMPONENTS AREA)
PROJECT PHYSICAL & PEOPLE SPACE LINKAGE/
IDENTIFICATION NATURAL GROUPING/ REQUIREMENTS BUBBLE
ENVIRONMENT ACTIVITY FLOW DIAGRAMS
PROJECT USER ACCESS/ SPACE (ACCESSIBILITY ALTERNATIVE
GOALS AND REQUIREMENTS CIRCULATION REQUIREMENTS LAW) SCHEMES
OBJECTIVES
BUDGETARY BUILDING SPACE (HEIGHT PREFERRED
LIMITATIONS MASSING/ REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIONS) SITE
CHARACTER DEVELOPMNT
PLAN
LANDSCAPING SPACE (LAW ON USE FLOOR PLANS
REQUIREMENTS OF ENDEMIC & ELEVATIONS
SPECIES)
STRUCTURAL SPACE (EARTHQUAKE SECTIONS
INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTS DESIGN)

INTERIOR SPACE (AIR QUALITY) UTILITIES

REQUIREMENTS

ENERGY SPACE PERSPECTIVES/

EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTER

DATA ANALYSIS & PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CONVERT PROGRAM INTO STUDY

CONCEPT FORMING DETAILED STANDARDS AND SOLUTION/S
CRITERIA
Site Planning Process Example
ADJACENCY MATRIX : MACRO SPACES
01. MAIN ENTRANCE
02. ADMINISTRATION
03. EXHIBIT & INFORMATION
04. RESEARCH CENTER
05. TRAINING CENTER
06. LIBRARY
07. CLINIC
08. CAFETERIA
09. MOTORPOOL
10. FISH PONDS
11. MARICULTURE FARMS
12. STAFF HOUSING
13. STUDENT HOUSING
14. OUTDOOR RECREATION

ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE TOLERABLE

 SITE DEVELOPMENT
Excavation and grading keep to an
absolute minimum.
Balance the on-site cut and fill. Off-
site borrow or disposition is
expensive.
Protect trees and established
ground covers. Remove and
stockpile the topsoil.
Avoid working the soil when it is
wet, powder - dry, or frozen.
Provide positive surface drainage
away from buildings to swales,
gutters, drain inlets, or outfalls.
Re-establish ground covers without
delay. Unprotected soils cause
erosion and siltation.
SLOPES (Earth Cut Or Fill)
Do not exceed the angle of repose of the
soils being graded or placed (the steepest
angle at which the slope remains stable).
A slope of 1on 2 maximum (I foot vertical
rise for 2 feet of horizontal distance) is
recom-mended for mulched or planted
embankments.
A slope of 1on 3 maximum is preferred
for lawn areas to facilitate mowing.
Place fill material in uniform layers of 6
to 8 inches of loose material.
Allow for soil shrinkage (or swelling in
some instances); 3 to 5 percent shrinkage
is normal in compacted fills.
Provide mechanical compaction. Natural
compaction by the eventual settlement of
loosely placed soils is seldom uniform or
complete.
All fills should be compacted fills, placed
on prepared benches cut through topsoil
and overburden.
Thrust benches and positive drainage
must be provided at the base of major
fills.
 Sun-orientation

The orientation of a building is influenced

by the amount of solar radiation falling on
different sides at different times.

Buildings are best arranged in clusters for

heat absorption, shading opportunities and
protection from east and west exposures.

The larger building dimension should face

north and south (generally, west orientation
is the worst: high air temperature combined
with strong solar radiation) .

The optimum orientation for any given

location has to be determined in order to
achieve the most satisfactory distribution of
total heat gain and loss in all seasons. At
high altitude enough heat gain for passive
heating should be possible.
 ROADS AND
DRIVEWAYS
In planning the approach drive or
roadway consider:
Sight distance: provide
sufficient horizontal and vertical
sight distance to give 10 second
minimum observation time at
permitted approach speed.
All-weather and nighttime
drivability,
Economical length and minimum
landscape disruption
PARKING
Allow a normal stall width of 8
feet 6 inches minimum to 12 feet
maximum; 10 feet is a
comfortable average.
Stall marking: While a single
divider stripe will suffice, two 3-
inch lines, 12 to 16 inches on
cen-ter with a half circle at the
aisle end, is recom-mended.
For an approximate parking
compound capacity calculation,
allow 300 square feet of paved
parking area per standard car,
plus approach ramps, distributor
loops, planting medians.
turnabouts, collector walks, and
buffer areas.
foreground

building area

service area

play area

private area

entourage
1. Foreground 4. Play area
2. Building area 5. Private area
3. Service area 6. Entourage
 foreground

Common Foreground elements:

Factors that control the size of foregrounds:

Function of building
Depth of Lot
Local Ordinances
Driveway Layout
Landscaping
Parking Area and Layout
Type of Street as to volume of Traffic
and intensity of Noise
Area of Rear Lawn or Yard
 building area

Factors controlling the location and position of buildings:

Function of building
Topographic condition
Shape of Lot
Existing features on lot
Location of approach
Orientation as to direction of prevailing wind
Orientation as to direction of sun
Vista
Ordinances as to side and rear setbacks
 service area

Common service area elements:

Factors that control the location of service areas:

Sun exposure
Wind direction
Visual privacy from public areas
Nature of adjoining building
 play area

Common play area elements:

Factors that affect location of play areas:

orientation

effect of noise to adjacent buildings

accessibility
 private area
Common private area elements:

entourage
Common entourage elements:

Factors that control layout of entourage:

Position of walkway, driveway and parking

Size and shape of the softscape / hardscape

Aesthetic and Function
Case Study

SIBUL SPRINGS, SAN

MIGUEL, BULACAN
CLIMATE

ACTIVITY
ZONES

PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC/FLOW

SURROUNDING
ACTIVITY
DELA CONCHA STREET

F. TAYAG STREET

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

DELA CONCHA STREET

F. TAYAG STREET

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Installation of public signs and the Sibul
Springs marker

Signage in
SIBUL SPRINGS front of the
complex
100m Ahead
Street signs
and markers
providing
directions to
Sibul Springs

Should be
consistent
with the town
branding
Setting-up of Water Drinking /
Collection Station

Setting up
of water
drinking
and
collection
station for
easier
access
Health and Wellness
Complex
Convert old
basketball court to
health and
wellness complex
One can use the
area for social
interaction after
taking a bath
Designate an area
for a relaxation
lounge, thermal
pools, and hilot
massage to
strengthen Sibul
Springs health
and wellness
branding
Employment
opportunity for
locals
Waterjet Bath

Installation
of water jet
bath facility
in the
health and
wellness
center
 Placement of Benches
Additional
seating around
the park/ plaza

Encourage the
community
Example: Adopt-a-Bench in Central Park in New York, USA (e.g.
prominent
The Adopt-A-Bench program was established in 1986 as a permanent fund to maintain and endow the
care of Central Park's more than 9,000 benches and their surrounding landscapes.

families,
business
owners) to
donate for the
improvement
of Sibul
Springs
Hibiya Park in Tokyo, Japan
Plaza for Open Markets and
Events
Construction of a
paved plaza

Locals may
contribute to its
construction by
pledging
amounts of P100
500; In return,
donors names
will be etched on
the floor
tiles/bricks
Landscaping
Markers for
century-old trees

Flowerbeds for
aesthetic
purposes

Use of endemic
flowers and
plants

Water fountains
appealing
especially to kids
Wall Treatment

Mural wall
to be
painted by
the
community
Green walls with layered horizontal plant boxes

Perimeter
wall with
vertical
gardening