du(x)

(x) =
dx
 
(x)dx = du

Sign Convention

Trusses that deform

Bars pinned at the joints
How do bars deform?
How do joints displace?

EXAMPLE:

Q: Forces in bars? How much does each bar deform? How much does
point B displace?
Unconstrained degrees of freedom
1. uB
x
2. uB
y

3
Unknowns
1. FAB
2. FBC

This is statically determinate (Forces can be found using equilibrium)

FBD:


Fx = 0 at Pin B
FAB FBC sin = 0

Fy = 0
P
P FBC cos = 0 FBC =
cos
P
FAB + sin = 0
cos
So:

FAB = P tan
Force-Deformation Relationship

P = k
EA
k=
L
FAB
AB =
kAB
FBC
BC =
kBC

4
 AE
kAB =
L sin
AE
kBC =
L
So:

P tan
AB =  
AE
L sin

P cos
BC =  
AE
L

P L sin tan
AB =
AE
P L
BC =
AE cos
Check:

Compatibility

5
Algorithm to nd B 
1. If we only have uB
x , what
AB
and BC would result?
B AB
2. If we only have uy , what and BC would result?
AB BC
3. What is the total and is I have both uB B
x and uy ? 4. Solve
for uB B
x and uy from known
AB
and BC .
Step 1

BC = uB
x sin


LN EW = (L + 1BC )2 + 2

2
2 BC BC 2
= L (1 + 1 + 1 2 ) + 2
L L L
x
1+x1+
L
 2 
1B C 1BC 2
LN EW =L 1+ + +
L 2L2 2L2
2
1BC
0
2L2
2
0
2L2
For << L:

BC D
So:

Lnew = L + 1BC